1 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:11,630 Welcome. Good afternoon. Lovely to see you registered. 2 00:00:11,630 --> 00:00:22,770 Unfortunately, I can see your faces. So welcome to the opening of our Hillary term, serious of these studies seminar. 3 00:00:22,770 --> 00:00:33,760 Our speaker today's tells you more who is in ISIS Foundation? Internation and fellow in the Department of Social Anthropology at Cambridge University. 4 00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:39,020 Tul wrote his pitch in cultural anthropology in the University of Haifa. 5 00:00:39,020 --> 00:00:45,350 His work focuses on questions of belonging and identification within the Orben sphere. 6 00:00:45,350 --> 00:00:55,130 His book he wrote a book titled Hope and Melancholy on an Urban Frontier Ethnicity, Space and Gender in Hatikva neighbourhood. 7 00:00:55,130 --> 00:01:00,950 Tel Aviv was just recently published by Haifa University Press and his articles, 8 00:01:00,950 --> 00:01:08,300 English articles were published in journals such as The Emotions, Space and Society and Citizenship Studies. 9 00:01:08,300 --> 00:01:15,830 And the title of Does Talk today is The Emergence of Melancholic Citizenship at the Urban Periphery. 10 00:01:15,830 --> 00:01:20,750 The Case of South Tel of Protest Against Global Migration. 11 00:01:20,750 --> 00:01:27,250 Thank you so much for coming. Lovely to. 12 00:01:27,250 --> 00:01:35,320 Thank you professionally for this lovely opportunity to present my research. 13 00:01:35,320 --> 00:01:44,050 Excited just to share and some of my findings based on my P.H. and dissertation. 14 00:01:44,050 --> 00:01:57,970 And today I'm going to speak about the concept of melancholic citizenship and basically presenting the emotional 15 00:01:57,970 --> 00:02:05,080 spared that is arising amongst the long term residents of this specific neighbourhood of south Tel Aviv. 16 00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:07,900 When they encounter a process, 17 00:02:07,900 --> 00:02:22,840 we and highlight their Montoneros marginalisation within their urban spare and at the overall Israeli society as a whole. 18 00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:34,780 And then and here you can see you can see right in the beginning, you can see the protest of the long, long term residence. 19 00:02:34,780 --> 00:02:40,720 And and on the surface, you can see the rage. 20 00:02:40,720 --> 00:02:46,450 But in my mind and what I will try to show in this presentation, 21 00:02:46,450 --> 00:02:59,740 I will also try to to show the break off the songs and the sorrow that is hidden within days and process, 22 00:02:59,740 --> 00:03:07,150 which they consider as a sign of their discrimination. 23 00:03:07,150 --> 00:03:12,790 So, OK, I'm going to start to add just a quick note about global status. 24 00:03:12,790 --> 00:03:21,200 I know it's a bit weird to think about Aviv as a global city, but it is considered to be a global city. 25 00:03:21,200 --> 00:03:27,290 And in the process of becoming a it's a very central city in Israel for. 26 00:03:27,290 --> 00:03:33,320 For those of you that are not familiar with the city. But it's quite known that thing worldwide. 27 00:03:33,320 --> 00:03:43,530 And it is an economic centre and and also a social centre in Israel. 28 00:03:43,530 --> 00:03:55,180 And and then the thing about global cities where you you you can recognise cities are very central in the local arena, 29 00:03:55,180 --> 00:04:01,640 but they also play an active role in the global economy. 30 00:04:01,640 --> 00:04:09,610 And and and in the global and network and media. 31 00:04:09,610 --> 00:04:16,630 And but but interestedly of Dodo's cities are very central. 32 00:04:16,630 --> 00:04:33,750 And you can recognise also poverty. And, you know, many circuits of migration and a disadvantaged group as I look at the margins of the city. 33 00:04:33,750 --> 00:04:43,930 So on the whole, you can you can speak about very central places, a globally connected but and also nationally, of course. 34 00:04:43,930 --> 00:04:56,680 But at the same time, you can you can see at the margins a social processes of discrimination, of poverty and disadvantage, 35 00:04:56,680 --> 00:05:05,260 people that are crowded together, basically given sources to the people living in the centre of those cities. 36 00:05:05,260 --> 00:05:14,650 So, of course, when you you can think about New York, London, Tokyo, they immediately come to mind when you think about global cities, 37 00:05:14,650 --> 00:05:24,010 but also places like Berlin and Tel Aviv, they encounter these processes in both the central. 38 00:05:24,010 --> 00:05:29,860 They both play like central place in the national scope and in the global one. 39 00:05:29,860 --> 00:05:44,310 But they are also a source of a a poverty and disadvantaged group that are located at the margins of this city's. 40 00:05:44,310 --> 00:05:50,370 So what you see in the open periphery, you know, what is the urban periphery condition? 41 00:05:50,370 --> 00:05:57,990 When we think about global cities, a, you can see you can and identified the classic allegation. 42 00:05:57,990 --> 00:06:07,830 I mean, certain neighbourhoods that are a and that are connected with certain ethnicity. 43 00:06:07,830 --> 00:06:12,570 And and basically lower income neighbourhoods. 44 00:06:12,570 --> 00:06:23,100 Look at that at the margins. And sometimes you can see at the margins, a, of course, you can recognise that the pool, 45 00:06:23,100 --> 00:06:30,060 economic conditions, people leaving and the crowdedness and that exist. 46 00:06:30,060 --> 00:06:36,570 And also the contest between citizens and non-citizens, 47 00:06:36,570 --> 00:06:49,820 especially when we speak about the process of migration that and that, and connects people from different cultures, 48 00:06:49,820 --> 00:06:58,320 but people who share and pool conditions and fight for them, you know, 49 00:06:58,320 --> 00:07:09,660 and and battle for the limited sources that look at it at the margins of the global the global cities. 50 00:07:09,660 --> 00:07:21,300 And I will speak about a bit about the question of citizenship, because when you think about citizenship and we normally think about the nation state, 51 00:07:21,300 --> 00:07:36,220 that a like a top down process, when a nation decides what are the criteria is where they're they give Syrians safe for and for the people. 52 00:07:36,220 --> 00:07:44,370 And but a today it's very common to speak about citizenship as a process, 53 00:07:44,370 --> 00:07:56,850 about how people about issues of belonging in relation not only to their and nation state, but also in the despair. 54 00:07:56,850 --> 00:08:09,780 So you can speak about urban citizenship in relation, for example, to undocumented and migrants and that they might or in most cases, 55 00:08:09,780 --> 00:08:16,410 they won't hold to like the form of Israeli citizenship or American citizens as citizenship. 56 00:08:16,410 --> 00:08:29,810 But they do have some kind of belonging to the old bonds, fair and connexion to all kinds of communities they feel belong to. 57 00:08:29,810 --> 00:08:40,820 And in another interesting and concept in relation to citizenship is the concept of insurgent citizenship, 58 00:08:40,820 --> 00:08:50,020 where I the concept that I will elaborate on further anger, because it's a concept that. 59 00:08:50,020 --> 00:09:03,440 Yeah. It's a concept that A emphasises at the citizenship power against the formal Cartier of the nation states. 60 00:09:03,440 --> 00:09:15,440 It's a process where discriminated citizens that actually they hold a day, they and the common citizen. 61 00:09:15,440 --> 00:09:29,390 But they feel discrimination and they often fight or battle against a regime that excludes them from a wider society. 62 00:09:29,390 --> 00:09:41,590 So it's often violent in a way that the researcher that was developing this concept concepts is James Hallstein, and he's a researcher. 63 00:09:41,590 --> 00:09:52,220 But it is about and is based on Sao Paolo, Brazil. 64 00:09:52,220 --> 00:10:04,700 And he focussed on the way people and enact certain practises that might be seen as as 65 00:10:04,700 --> 00:10:14,200 insurgent and to manoeuvre or to overcome the unequal regime that pushed them to this side. 66 00:10:14,200 --> 00:10:21,470 So this week, I think that it's a really interesting contribution to the idea of citizenship. 67 00:10:21,470 --> 00:10:26,150 And it's also very much common to the open sphere as well. 68 00:10:26,150 --> 00:10:39,650 But what I was discovering when I tried to a interpret that my data is that this concept is and it's 69 00:10:39,650 --> 00:10:53,000 concentrating on rage and then and and A doesn't give me enough space to vulnerability of these people, 70 00:10:53,000 --> 00:11:06,650 because what you see on the ground, without doubt, is that people are angry, especially when they demonstrate against the discriminated regimes. 71 00:11:06,650 --> 00:11:07,730 But behind the scenes, 72 00:11:07,730 --> 00:11:16,070 what I've seen in my data about this specific neighbourhood of this particular neighbourhood of south Tel Aviv is there is a sense of loss. 73 00:11:16,070 --> 00:11:26,720 There is a sense of sadness and anger behind the scenes when people understood there that this specific 74 00:11:26,720 --> 00:11:35,540 process of global migration that I will elaborate more just to beat is highlighting their marginality. 75 00:11:35,540 --> 00:11:43,010 So I. You can definitely see the violence. 76 00:11:43,010 --> 00:11:47,360 You can see racism in that demonstration against migration. 77 00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:55,430 But here I want to focus about the more tangible emotion of melancholy that I will. 78 00:11:55,430 --> 00:12:04,850 And sadness. Collective. A collective sadness that is arising when they understand a despair assesses 79 00:12:04,850 --> 00:12:12,070 another evidence of their ongoing discrimination of lower income Iraqi juice. 80 00:12:12,070 --> 00:12:16,930 And the Italian press to leave at the margins of the Israeli society. 81 00:12:16,930 --> 00:12:21,650 And a. And they. And in the city of Tel Aviv. 82 00:12:21,650 --> 00:12:28,780 Specifically in this case. That's the. 83 00:12:28,780 --> 00:12:37,260 So when I speak about when they tried to do the connexion between Street is a bit melancholy, doesn't it? 84 00:12:37,260 --> 00:12:44,020 It might be odd in the beginning, but I want to to explain more about this, Joseph, of this concept. 85 00:12:44,020 --> 00:12:47,980 When we speak about melancholy, we we we start. 86 00:12:47,980 --> 00:12:57,310 And normally we slide. And that and that is a death for him. 87 00:12:57,310 --> 00:13:10,520 Melancholy is like an unfinished a and mourning process of a lost loved person or a place or a liberti or some kind of ideal that you lost. 88 00:13:10,520 --> 00:13:20,680 Am what? What does it mean? It means that you had without game getting you to all the psychological concept. 89 00:13:20,680 --> 00:13:32,530 But just to give you an idea. It means that you invested your libido in this a neighbourhood or in this place or in this person, and he's lost. 90 00:13:32,530 --> 00:13:35,830 And you haven't really finished all the mourning process. 91 00:13:35,830 --> 00:13:47,440 And it's it and you stuck it up at a point where, A, you don't invest the libido in something else. 92 00:13:47,440 --> 00:13:56,600 But it's like internal process. When you feel depressed, you feel melancholic because you haven't really. 93 00:13:56,600 --> 00:14:02,060 Eh, eh, eh. Acknowledged the loss that you've experienced. 94 00:14:02,060 --> 00:14:07,750 It's in them ambivalent emotion. When you don't really add Feni, 95 00:14:07,750 --> 00:14:19,480 you haven't finished the whole process and you have this ongoing sadness because you haven't come to terms with the loss of a dispersant. 96 00:14:19,480 --> 00:14:28,830 They say, yeah, so but this and this very interesting idea of fair a Floyd and Christopher afterwards. 97 00:14:28,830 --> 00:14:40,120 And. And they've mainly and remains in their psychological lean and but it has all kinds of many, 98 00:14:40,120 --> 00:14:51,660 many to and and develop land developments and of this concept in relation to the social to to the social reality. 99 00:14:51,660 --> 00:14:59,170 And he would speak about social melancholia. And then when you speak about social and I'm calling out, 100 00:14:59,170 --> 00:15:09,940 it means that there is some kind of a loss that a certain group within the society feel that they don't belong. 101 00:15:09,940 --> 00:15:19,150 It's like a loss. It can be the loss of the melting pot me in the way that it's not just one society that we're all sharing. 102 00:15:19,150 --> 00:15:24,440 And it can be gender melancholy in the way that. 103 00:15:24,440 --> 00:15:36,290 Add that and we are all a and it's very common to speak about a heteronormativity and duded, 104 00:15:36,290 --> 00:15:46,190 Bucknell spoke about how do people of gay people feel when they are not really representative in the wider society? 105 00:15:46,190 --> 00:15:54,530 There is a sense of, you know, you don't get an acknowledgement to who you are and then you lost some. 106 00:15:54,530 --> 00:16:00,890 You lose something, but you've done what you've lost because it's not accepted in the wider society in that way. 107 00:16:00,890 --> 00:16:09,140 And there is also the concept of Stasha out melancholy. And I'll say a a gallon in a vowel. 108 00:16:09,140 --> 00:16:15,370 It's a it's basically speaks about. Aye, aye. 109 00:16:15,370 --> 00:16:28,250 And and finish a mourning process of off your rival community and a and and. 110 00:16:28,250 --> 00:16:34,950 That is invested in this space and in in my data. 111 00:16:34,950 --> 00:16:41,300 I speak about at the lost of the Palestinians that it's lived in. 112 00:16:41,300 --> 00:16:49,130 And next to the residents of that tick, the neighbourhood. And that being lost in a way, in the 1948 war. 113 00:16:49,130 --> 00:17:01,250 They were and they ran away or they were expelled and dragging maimings of them in a specific space of that thick fur neighbourhood. 114 00:17:01,250 --> 00:17:12,920 And also in the narrative of the long term, a women I've met in the neighbourhood and a U.N. abolishing spoke about this concept 115 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:19,970 in relation to the nineteen seventy four invasion of Turkey to north of Cyprus. 116 00:17:19,970 --> 00:17:24,940 And so many of the Greeks a a ran away. 117 00:17:24,940 --> 00:17:35,770 And to the south. And that woman is over there and she interviewed the ad and the Turkish and Cyprus. 118 00:17:35,770 --> 00:17:44,630 And that leaves in the Gulf of Cyprus. And and the feel of lost of day and a of the Greek. 119 00:17:44,630 --> 00:17:55,750 So I just I will elaborate just a bit more about ethnic melancholy, because it's more related to add to my talk here. 120 00:17:55,750 --> 00:18:05,000 So just to tell you again, so it's this sense of sadness that is aroused following the loss of the melting pot. 121 00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:12,600 And I am. Foiled again. 122 00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:17,380 It's interesting because many of them are. 123 00:18:17,380 --> 00:18:21,810 Ah, ah, our citizens and they get equal rights. 124 00:18:21,810 --> 00:18:28,340 But at the same time, they don't feel they and they can follow. 125 00:18:28,340 --> 00:18:32,580 And and the mainstream culture rules seem that way. 126 00:18:32,580 --> 00:18:42,220 So they try to imitate some kinds of white norms that they don't really accept and don't or don't really follow try to imitate. 127 00:18:42,220 --> 00:18:47,730 But they. And but their integration is very it's very limited. 128 00:18:47,730 --> 00:18:55,100 So a descent, a concept is there. 129 00:18:55,100 --> 00:19:00,960 It's very interesting to my case, a. But still a. 130 00:19:00,960 --> 00:19:12,650 And it doesn't really acknowledge that a melancholic emotion which is aroused and amongst DEA citizens. 131 00:19:12,650 --> 00:19:16,490 So just to speak again about. About that. 132 00:19:16,490 --> 00:19:28,700 And they. And so can you just speak again about a group present? 133 00:19:28,700 --> 00:19:59,070 Did you mean to drop it, was it no. This resharing. 134 00:19:59,070 --> 00:20:03,580 Is the president. Yes, and I'm sorry. Yes, you can see the. 135 00:20:03,580 --> 00:20:16,520 OK. And. But no, I can't see. 136 00:20:16,520 --> 00:20:30,460 Now can see in. OK. An. 137 00:20:30,460 --> 00:20:39,580 And so the concept of temulum exigency and is the combination of fear, the melancholic emotion and the citizenship concept. 138 00:20:39,580 --> 00:20:46,210 It's basically eh eh, eh, eh, eh, eh, eh. 139 00:20:46,210 --> 00:20:54,720 It describes the sense of fear, collective and melancholic emotion, which is aroused amongst the long term residents, 140 00:20:54,720 --> 00:21:03,640 and they a discriminated group when they encountered a certain process and that highlights their social 141 00:21:03,640 --> 00:21:12,390 marginality and their and the relation to and to the residents of the Hatikvah and neighbourhood. 142 00:21:12,390 --> 00:21:20,960 And it's a process of an and global migration and migrants from Sudan. 143 00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:25,420 And now they are a. Who lives through the neighbourhood. 144 00:21:25,420 --> 00:21:34,420 In the past decades. And there really they affect a sense of belonging of the veteran community. 145 00:21:34,420 --> 00:21:44,050 And I've just I will speak just briefly about the and the biography of the neighbourhood. 146 00:21:44,050 --> 00:21:50,170 And just a quick note about the world of biography and the relation to the concept of neighbourhood. 147 00:21:50,170 --> 00:21:56,620 I believe that in neighbourhoods, it's not just history. It is biography of a certain place. 148 00:21:56,620 --> 00:22:03,190 And not not only that, I feel that sometimes and or in many cases, 149 00:22:03,190 --> 00:22:11,820 the biography of the longtime resident is immerge or connected to the biography of a place in relation to this specific neighbourhood. 150 00:22:11,820 --> 00:22:21,490 You can see it's very. And the buildings are very old and you can see the narrow roads in the picture. 151 00:22:21,490 --> 00:22:27,940 The right pictures. And then you can see the skyline of Telaprevir. So you can see the different sense of what I'm speaking. 152 00:22:27,940 --> 00:22:35,740 What I've spoke before between the global city, Tel Aviv and the marginal ad space itself, Tel Aviv. 153 00:22:35,740 --> 00:22:42,800 And so it was the neighbourhood was established in 1935 and before Israel was launched. 154 00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:51,880 And it's it and it was and separated as a separate social structure in a way that then 155 00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:59,710 when this topography of Tel Aviv and hasn't it didn't want to include it in the territory, 156 00:22:59,710 --> 00:23:04,880 in its territory. And it was home. 157 00:23:04,880 --> 00:23:15,280 And it's still home to many of families that are immigrants, Jews who immigrate to Israel and from Arab countries in the 50s and end this situation. 158 00:23:15,280 --> 00:23:21,730 And the current situation of the Hatikva neighbourhood is the is as follows. 159 00:23:21,730 --> 00:23:25,480 The original residents have left and died. 160 00:23:25,480 --> 00:23:29,740 Also the second and third generation and other groups. 161 00:23:29,740 --> 00:23:40,570 And it became very dominant, including the recent arrival of asylum seekers from Sudan and on the. 162 00:23:40,570 --> 00:23:47,900 Am. So the issue that I examined, 163 00:23:47,900 --> 00:23:57,240 I am doing my research and is I followed the place detachment of the long term residents of 164 00:23:57,240 --> 00:24:06,570 the particular neighbourhood and against the urban transformation that I just described. 165 00:24:06,570 --> 00:24:17,880 And specifically, I a I tried to identify the emotional a charge and the long term residents. 166 00:24:17,880 --> 00:24:29,890 They had. As they spoke about this frontal transformation as well as their own life, so let's speak about your processes, 167 00:24:29,890 --> 00:24:46,450 the shrinkage of the veteran community, the arrival of African migrants, and and they say that the social and economic cost per condition of it. 168 00:24:46,450 --> 00:24:54,580 And this enables at the margins of and it just quick mountain barriers, even diamond topologies. 169 00:24:54,580 --> 00:25:04,160 It's always important to have some data. And there are about 12000 people and living in the neighbourhood. 170 00:25:04,160 --> 00:25:20,110 I am. And the last time I've checked, there are about 40 thousand residents that living these rail and about a third of them live in South Talaba. 171 00:25:20,110 --> 00:25:25,760 So they're pretty much an and dominant in this area. 172 00:25:25,760 --> 00:25:30,400 There isn't a specific data. How many of them live in that? 173 00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:44,680 Take the neighbourhood itself itself. And but many of the long term residents do feel add and the domination in their own neighbourhood. 174 00:25:44,680 --> 00:25:54,250 And and I was told about, you know, when I come as anthropologist, I can to ask, you know, general questions about ethics, the neighbourhood. 175 00:25:54,250 --> 00:25:59,460 And many of the longtime residents and really spoke about. 176 00:25:59,460 --> 00:26:17,240 And a death silence seekers as a some kind of a social problem that affects their life and a rousing DEA melancholic emotions, a. 177 00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:28,520 So what they did in my research was that participant observation and observation that between 2010 and 2015 and of course, 178 00:26:28,520 --> 00:26:38,870 in relation to the topic that I'm speaking about today, I attended meetings and demonstration and regarding DAF work on migration. 179 00:26:38,870 --> 00:26:51,320 And also, I went to an AM counsel for informal got to readings and speaking about this and this 180 00:26:51,320 --> 00:26:58,070 issue and as well as more formal meetings about this topic in the Israeli Knesset, 181 00:26:58,070 --> 00:27:09,560 Israeli parliament, a parliament. And beside being a conducting a a public participant observation, 182 00:27:09,560 --> 00:27:18,260 I also had like I handed like a life piece to regroup of elderly women and that 183 00:27:18,260 --> 00:27:24,410 I was speaking with them every every week for eight month about their life 184 00:27:24,410 --> 00:27:30,110 story and their connexion to the neighbourhood and all kinds of Calzado conflict 185 00:27:30,110 --> 00:27:36,050 and conversation and more full Monday interviews and doing the research. 186 00:27:36,050 --> 00:27:43,410 I also I was then I went to leave next to the neighbourhood and I was working in the local market. 187 00:27:43,410 --> 00:27:51,440 You can see a picture of the local market here. I volunteered and then in the elderly day centre and then I turned in many 188 00:27:51,440 --> 00:27:59,890 communal events and also went to the entire season of the local soccer team May. 189 00:27:59,890 --> 00:28:06,460 Them. So the fourth time that I did the research. 190 00:28:06,460 --> 00:28:13,600 Between 2010 and 2014, but it was an ice. 191 00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:22,240 I visit a lot of neighbourhoods and I stay in touch with the residents until this President Day and their arguments. 192 00:28:22,240 --> 00:28:25,030 You can see there the women that I was in touch with. 193 00:28:25,030 --> 00:28:32,700 Dustoff, many of the women that you can see in the pictures, in the picture are they were part of this. 194 00:28:32,700 --> 00:28:41,640 A group that I mentioned between eight to 12 women came to this group for eight months and they spoke with me about, 195 00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:48,460 you know, different aspects of their life and mainly their vulnerability in old age. 196 00:28:48,460 --> 00:28:51,670 And as well as their, you know, 197 00:28:51,670 --> 00:29:07,510 discrimination they felt as they maslowski women and they shared with me and their I'm unequal and and and the relationship with their husbands, 198 00:29:07,510 --> 00:29:20,260 many of them were. And Chai, you know, they were involved in child marriage and they were married in their early teens. 199 00:29:20,260 --> 00:29:31,110 And they and they encounter discrimination and for deskin at the elite. 200 00:29:31,110 --> 00:29:38,440 And they some also told me about the kidnap of the Yemenite children affair. 201 00:29:38,440 --> 00:29:47,870 That is a very, I would say, a heating problem here in Israel when they tried to deal with this today about the story about 202 00:29:47,870 --> 00:29:55,360 and many children and these are children mainly from Yemen and that were kidnapped from them, 203 00:29:55,360 --> 00:29:59,530 their mothers and some of them women. 204 00:29:59,530 --> 00:30:12,450 Yes. And told me about this, that they encountered this terrible lost himself or it was happening in the in their family. 205 00:30:12,450 --> 00:30:23,830 And up until today, where they feel fragile because when they and they most of them live alone in their house and their pet, 206 00:30:23,830 --> 00:30:36,190 their husbands died many years ago because there was a huge age gap between them and husbands and because it was a match, married a marriage. 207 00:30:36,190 --> 00:30:43,630 And then and then so they they leave alone and the children left the neighbourhood. 208 00:30:43,630 --> 00:30:51,090 And the neighbourhood is transforming. So they feel this kind of Flosse ongoing, lost in their life in this current condition. 209 00:30:51,090 --> 00:30:55,270 And they say. And neighbourhood transformation. 210 00:30:55,270 --> 00:31:06,250 So my main ay ay argument is that the struggle of the long term residents across melancholic feelings when they realise 211 00:31:06,250 --> 00:31:15,220 that this global migration to then a vote is another evidence for a four day discrimination as lower income is looking. 212 00:31:15,220 --> 00:31:18,250 And you can see it goes for their life story. 213 00:31:18,250 --> 00:31:31,840 So it's only one extra event that is highlighting their social marginality within the general eh eh Israeli society. 214 00:31:31,840 --> 00:31:39,710 So what is the interesting that in the protest? Of course, you can hear racism. 215 00:31:39,710 --> 00:31:45,380 You can see all kinds of exclusionary comments. 216 00:31:45,380 --> 00:31:52,090 But you can also and I will bring more narrative further along as I speak. 217 00:31:52,090 --> 00:32:04,670 And you can also see the ambivalence of the long term residents because they feel and they feel some kind of them. 218 00:32:04,670 --> 00:32:13,210 And they feel they had similar lifea story to the migrants. 219 00:32:13,210 --> 00:32:17,870 So they feel for what they went through. But on the other side, 220 00:32:17,870 --> 00:32:26,810 they feel that their presence of the migrants broken in their neighbourhood is an undercurrent of their anger and their discrimination. 221 00:32:26,810 --> 00:32:31,430 So on one side, they might be empathic. 222 00:32:31,430 --> 00:32:42,030 But on the other side, they feel that they can't really hug them to their neighbourhood and they can't really accept that because if they accept them, 223 00:32:42,030 --> 00:32:51,050 it is like they come to terms with their discrimination. And so I will just. 224 00:32:51,050 --> 00:32:59,400 And we'll just give a few examples at. And what I try to add to all of your view. 225 00:32:59,400 --> 00:33:16,400 And so this quote, it comes from an A and a meeting I attended and a day in which is in the Israeli Knesset that was conducted in the Israeli Knesset. 226 00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:23,930 And that was only one of the main activists of south Tel Aviv against global migration. 227 00:33:23,930 --> 00:33:30,050 And, you know, you can see you can see what I'm highlighting there. 228 00:33:30,050 --> 00:33:36,270 I live in fear. You don't understand me. My life is terrible. How much can a software. 229 00:33:36,270 --> 00:33:41,160 What have I done to them? Don't I pay my taxes? So here you can see, OK. 230 00:33:41,160 --> 00:33:46,910 He says basically I'm I'm, you know, an obedient citizens. 231 00:33:46,910 --> 00:33:53,940 Why? Why don't you take care of my problem? You said like, did I go to die army that is compulsory in Israeli society. 232 00:33:53,940 --> 00:33:55,770 Wasn't I part of the state? 233 00:33:55,770 --> 00:34:04,860 So basically, it's it's a question that he knows the answer for it because they know it's another it's a it's a it's an evident of his. 234 00:34:04,860 --> 00:34:09,270 There's discrimination as the lower income man is lucky to. 235 00:34:09,270 --> 00:34:17,340 And so basically, in the end, he said Knesset, the Israeli parliament government help us wearing pain. 236 00:34:17,340 --> 00:34:25,640 So here you can see the loss, the loss he feels when he understands he's not an equal citizens, 237 00:34:25,640 --> 00:34:34,320 is and is discriminated citizens, citizens and citizen, and which is repressed to the margins of the overall society. 238 00:34:34,320 --> 00:34:38,610 And the current migration wave is another indication for that. 239 00:34:38,610 --> 00:34:45,960 And then more interest lead at the break of the time that he had when he spoke about it, 240 00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:52,770 because I didn't follow only the words, but also I tried to hear the tone of what he said. 241 00:34:52,770 --> 00:35:00,950 So we had like he he was really in pain when he tried to convince the parliament members about his suffering. 242 00:35:00,950 --> 00:35:12,510 So I can't really show this here. But and it was very apparent he was very emotional and he was in pain a while. 243 00:35:12,510 --> 00:35:22,980 He understood that this whole situation is another indication of FESA marginality. 244 00:35:22,980 --> 00:35:29,030 Well, is it? And you can see my story. 245 00:35:29,030 --> 00:35:33,800 You can see that you can see there in the screen. 246 00:35:33,800 --> 00:35:49,990 We could see. OK. Thank you. Am. And another example for a sense of loss that the long term residents felt is they lying in 247 00:35:49,990 --> 00:35:58,210 the story of Dead and DOKO movie and which was the ad which was shot in the neighbourhood. 248 00:35:58,210 --> 00:36:08,200 And they say this movie was done, but by the director of the Dauterive almost. 249 00:36:08,200 --> 00:36:20,530 And then the residents felt and they can trust her in a way that they took her to all the places. 250 00:36:20,530 --> 00:36:33,190 And they spoke very frank with her, trying to explain their their sorrow and misery following this current global migration wave. 251 00:36:33,190 --> 00:36:43,840 But they were very much surprised when she decided also to include narratives of migrant workers in this movie. 252 00:36:43,840 --> 00:36:56,020 And they feel and they felt betrayed. They saw her as a source of help so that somebody will show their side because there are many left wing 253 00:36:56,020 --> 00:37:06,220 activist and global human rights activists that show or at the side of the migrant hope Welker's. 254 00:37:06,220 --> 00:37:18,160 And there were and there were really and embracing this opportunity that their side can be heard. 255 00:37:18,160 --> 00:37:27,910 But again, these sorts of help. And it was discovered by them as something that is more complicated. 256 00:37:27,910 --> 00:37:31,630 And when it was screened in the neighbourhood, so they tried. 257 00:37:31,630 --> 00:37:36,490 So they were very upset, angry and sad. 258 00:37:36,490 --> 00:37:41,200 So they wrote a letter, an open letter to her. 259 00:37:41,200 --> 00:37:47,710 And they said something like it was it was most upsetting and immoral to use the 260 00:37:47,710 --> 00:37:52,720 house that we gave you scenically help without which you couldn't shot the film. 261 00:37:52,720 --> 00:37:58,240 People open up to you and talked about our personal pain, pain. 262 00:37:58,240 --> 00:38:08,950 Let the camera show the most intimate details of their life because they believed it would enable the wider public to understand the major distress. 263 00:38:08,950 --> 00:38:14,590 And they made a major distress at their migration has created and enabled. 264 00:38:14,590 --> 00:38:20,020 However, you betrayed the trust that was given to you hate your opinions. 265 00:38:20,020 --> 00:38:26,350 And only when you finish shooting the film and you didn't need the residents help you down to suppress it. 266 00:38:26,350 --> 00:38:34,180 So here, another emotion of melancholic and they and and a feel of insecurity that the long, 267 00:38:34,180 --> 00:38:39,370 long term residents felt in a way they tried to communicate. 268 00:38:39,370 --> 00:38:42,940 They tried to extend their sides of this story. 269 00:38:42,940 --> 00:38:57,210 And then again, they see they saw a more complicated picture when it actually came and was screened in the media and. 270 00:38:57,210 --> 00:39:03,570 I just want to say that I've seen this movie and it's I think the movie is very much balanced. 271 00:39:03,570 --> 00:39:13,500 But I think that and the feeling off of the day betrayed is that it was arousing because 272 00:39:13,500 --> 00:39:26,060 they felt she will present their exclusive narrative about the current situation. 273 00:39:26,060 --> 00:39:36,240 Aye, but behind the scenes, it's important to also feel them be villains. 274 00:39:36,240 --> 00:39:46,080 Part of the residents feel towards the anger towards the act and the protest against the migration. 275 00:39:46,080 --> 00:39:51,150 Some think that, you know, we should accept them. 276 00:39:51,150 --> 00:39:58,920 It's an older woman that I've that I've spoke with, that I've spoken with and in the attic of the neighbourhood. 277 00:39:58,920 --> 00:40:05,400 And and but she also said, like, now I hear they want to deport them. 278 00:40:05,400 --> 00:40:12,180 And they I said, good Lord, whatever have these children done because they wanted to depart at that time. 279 00:40:12,180 --> 00:40:19,380 Sudanese children back to their natural land. But on the other hand, tomorrow they will want their own country. 280 00:40:19,380 --> 00:40:27,240 So here you we hear the national tongue and and they feel many of the residents, 281 00:40:27,240 --> 00:40:36,420 a feel towards their transformation of their neighbourhood and they and the character of the Jewish state. 282 00:40:36,420 --> 00:40:40,890 And she said, like, we have only one country. They took all the jobs. 283 00:40:40,890 --> 00:40:49,200 I don't want to say bad things about them. It is for beating a bus, really, wherever you go down there. 284 00:40:49,200 --> 00:40:54,420 So here you can see the that presence is really out there, the neighbourhood. 285 00:40:54,420 --> 00:40:56,010 You can really discern. 286 00:40:56,010 --> 00:41:13,080 And a day and a day migrants who live there and the day many of the other women, they feel to a go up and, you know, go around the streets. 287 00:41:13,080 --> 00:41:21,600 And mainly at night. So she said here that they intend every day and they can get a can't CentOS. 288 00:41:21,600 --> 00:41:26,910 You can see them walk in health care clinics and in the Social Security offices. 289 00:41:26,910 --> 00:41:36,000 So they basically down everywhere and then and and, you know, some a month, 290 00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:43,260 some residents might say, and they don't feel belong in their own neighbourhood. 291 00:41:43,260 --> 00:41:48,490 And to a certain point. So they said they are not part of us. 292 00:41:48,490 --> 00:41:56,940 So there is kind of an ideal scope of day's rally society and the migrants don't belong here. 293 00:41:56,940 --> 00:42:01,290 In her mind, I feel as if I live in a foreign city. 294 00:42:01,290 --> 00:42:09,120 I live in a ghetto today they me and not the migrant. So this is all middle aged, a woman and the residents of fatigue when they vote. 295 00:42:09,120 --> 00:42:14,490 So she said, like, I have no compassion for them because I want somebody to feel sorry for me. 296 00:42:14,490 --> 00:42:20,870 So this is a really central part because and they're long term residents feel 297 00:42:20,870 --> 00:42:28,590 a they are neglected in a way and they down neglected by the authorities, 298 00:42:28,590 --> 00:42:33,360 down neglected by their overall society. 299 00:42:33,360 --> 00:42:39,000 And many of their skin is the elite subparts. 300 00:42:39,000 --> 00:42:46,850 And they prefer to support the migrant workers based off a global human rights. 301 00:42:46,850 --> 00:42:54,990 And other than supporting their own people, because this is the exact gap between the skin of zeolite and them. 302 00:42:54,990 --> 00:43:02,490 Exactly. Especially the lower income is lucky to Jews and that they feel they are not. 303 00:43:02,490 --> 00:43:14,490 They feel the discrimination. And this is there a sense of sorrow and when and that that that I try to add to illustrate here in a way. 304 00:43:14,490 --> 00:43:18,400 So she said, because this is a lost if we go back to flawed. 305 00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:21,970 This is a lot of a place or an idea. So this is what you said. 306 00:43:21,970 --> 00:43:25,320 You in my neighbourhood is diminishing. Yeah. 307 00:43:25,320 --> 00:43:30,000 Despite the emotional emotions you've felt since that neighbourhood change. 308 00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:35,640 She refuses to leave it and try to convince her friends to stay. 309 00:43:35,640 --> 00:43:40,590 Telling them we should. Why should you leave? This is your home. 310 00:43:40,590 --> 00:43:48,960 So this is the domination of where the migrant workers in this specific neighbourhood is. 311 00:43:48,960 --> 00:43:56,160 An evidence of the social marginality of them is attacking Jews and their diminishing death, 312 00:43:56,160 --> 00:44:03,030 their fellow offs and their feeling of sorry and and melancholy towards their neighbourhood 313 00:44:03,030 --> 00:44:11,500 transformation that they've changed its character in the past day and decade. 314 00:44:11,500 --> 00:44:21,450 And so just to conclude about the idea of a melancholic citizenship and when when we hear 315 00:44:21,450 --> 00:44:37,970 about a process off and off and long term residence demonstration against migrant workers, 316 00:44:37,970 --> 00:44:46,410 my mind, we should just hold the critique and say those are racist because the racism does exist. 317 00:44:46,410 --> 00:44:50,910 But we also have to use it in my mind. 318 00:44:50,910 --> 00:44:57,390 We can use this faster than the way to experience and to follow what is happening behind the scenes. 319 00:44:57,390 --> 00:45:00,200 That is more complicated. It's more ambivalent. 320 00:45:00,200 --> 00:45:09,620 And they can show, especially in processes of migration that we see in Europe and in other places of the world there. 321 00:45:09,620 --> 00:45:19,520 And the ambivalent position of discriminated groups within their own societies. 322 00:45:19,520 --> 00:45:38,340 And and and used it is like a mirror to the social hierarchies and which come to the ground or Iraq or arise when when meeting this extreme process, 323 00:45:38,340 --> 00:45:45,880 which which is and which is transforming their all life and their own neighbourhoods. 324 00:45:45,880 --> 00:45:55,670 This is. Thank you so much, Todd. 325 00:45:55,670 --> 00:45:58,910 This is a fascinating a lot of food for thought. 326 00:45:58,910 --> 00:46:09,860 So just to remind ourselves, I guess myself primarily the ACU and a chat is open and please submit your questions through it. 327 00:46:09,860 --> 00:46:11,900 And also a reminder that we recording this. 328 00:46:11,900 --> 00:46:18,830 So if you don't want your name to be mentioned when we read the questions, just noticed, we already have two questions. 329 00:46:18,830 --> 00:46:24,770 So I guess I'll read them and we'll get them. We'll go over them one by one. 330 00:46:24,770 --> 00:46:29,150 The first question asks, well, sorry, if not very relevant, 331 00:46:29,150 --> 00:46:38,750 but was the mob in Washington displaying a dramatic form of melancholia on six January, albeit from a national periphery? 332 00:46:38,750 --> 00:46:47,270 This is the question I want to add. Maybe. Well, you know, I think it's. Well, I think I would say what happened in in Washington was rage. 333 00:46:47,270 --> 00:46:55,340 And the question that immediately comes to mind is regarding what you argued. Why did not your case. 334 00:46:55,340 --> 00:46:56,630 Translate into rage. 335 00:46:56,630 --> 00:47:13,140 Why was this finding its way to a melancholic sadness while these guys in Washington were ranging over the way to freedom, I guess? 336 00:47:13,140 --> 00:47:15,460 Thank you. It's a great, great question. 337 00:47:15,460 --> 00:47:30,570 I think also if age was a parent in long term resident demonstrations and, you know, maybe I should have maybe presented more. 338 00:47:30,570 --> 00:47:41,010 But but what was apparent to me that it wasn't a raid per say in a way that a rage did exist. 339 00:47:41,010 --> 00:47:47,850 And it was also violent, as we've seen in most in other places. 340 00:47:47,850 --> 00:48:02,880 But and my observations also revealed and the minimum quality motion when they spoke about the residents, about the process which changed their lives. 341 00:48:02,880 --> 00:48:21,360 So you can definitely identify. I don't know if it was that extreme as the as we've seen in Washington and. 342 00:48:21,360 --> 00:48:35,860 I think your line dropped. I think Tull's line dropped all of a sudden and let us through if he comes back. 343 00:48:35,860 --> 00:48:39,440 Yes, yes. And now you're back. Yes. Thank you. 344 00:48:39,440 --> 00:48:45,780 OK. And bye. But still at a crime scene. 345 00:48:45,780 --> 00:48:53,420 Because I went to all kinds of. I had all kinds of kinds of chefs and chefs with the people and telling me about them. 346 00:48:53,420 --> 00:48:56,150 And that's one more emotional. 347 00:48:56,150 --> 00:49:03,590 All I could experience how people had a break off a tone or they were very emotional when they spoke about this process. 348 00:49:03,590 --> 00:49:15,680 So when I went to this, a protest or this a demonstration of the longtime residents, it was violent and violent and there were clashes. 349 00:49:15,680 --> 00:49:26,780 But add another layer that I wanted to add is not just the violent aspect where you can use the concept of James stonking sergeant citizenship, 350 00:49:26,780 --> 00:49:37,040 but also to the concept that and that is highlighting a more tangible emotion behind the scenes. 351 00:49:37,040 --> 00:49:45,290 Thank you. Next question is from Marcus, who is thanking you for an excellent presentation. 352 00:49:45,290 --> 00:49:51,230 One question is what has been more significant in creating the melancholy? 353 00:49:51,230 --> 00:49:56,090 The arrival of large numbers of refugees or the social marginalisation caused by 354 00:49:56,090 --> 00:50:00,250 Israeli racism and discrimination against them is what residents of the area. 355 00:50:00,250 --> 00:50:08,990 And a second related question, have you studied the impact on the residents when more affluent TEL citizens move in to 356 00:50:08,990 --> 00:50:15,710 the particular area looking for more affordable property to buy and renew and renovate? 357 00:50:15,710 --> 00:50:21,070 I'm sorry. In other words, did the gentrification counter the melancholy? 358 00:50:21,070 --> 00:50:27,240 He. Cédula, quit the first get a first question again. 359 00:50:27,240 --> 00:50:30,900 What has been more significant in creating the melancholy, 360 00:50:30,900 --> 00:50:41,250 the arrival of the large number of refugees or the social marginalisation caused by Israeli racism against Jews? 361 00:50:41,250 --> 00:50:52,590 A good question. I think this current and this current migration wave is another indication of the ongoing discrimination. 362 00:50:52,590 --> 00:51:03,030 Many of them is lucky to have a Jews. Longtime residents of that one neighbourhood field and and and over the years. 363 00:51:03,030 --> 00:51:13,620 So I can't really rank it. But I think that, you know, when I think about, you know, elderly women and that went through, you know, 364 00:51:13,620 --> 00:51:22,830 how wall and they felt the discrimination in the labour market and many, 365 00:51:22,830 --> 00:51:29,190 many of them encountered, you know, problematic relation with there and with the government. 366 00:51:29,190 --> 00:51:38,070 And then, you know, there they lived in poverty. So today it's like, you know, it's like a complete psycho. 367 00:51:38,070 --> 00:51:45,360 So there are other rry when they're coming, you know, all there, they feel there and, 368 00:51:45,360 --> 00:51:54,660 you know, they feel more vulnerable due to their age and the age of vulnerability and health. 369 00:51:54,660 --> 00:52:02,720 Six, health problem and sickness lovingness where they feel, you know, lonely at home, especially when their husbands, 370 00:52:02,720 --> 00:52:14,070 wives and children often left the nest and and in the neighbourhood, that was transformed completely in a way that they don't feel belong in a way. 371 00:52:14,070 --> 00:52:21,250 But I don't want to say that it's all melancholic or it's all dark because people in the attic, the neighbourhood, 372 00:52:21,250 --> 00:52:27,840 I should have maybe put more emphasis on it because people and I think poor neighbourhood do feel pride, 373 00:52:27,840 --> 00:52:36,170 pride in a way of being part of the neighbourhood. And there are all kinds of men. 374 00:52:36,170 --> 00:52:47,850 And look, I recognise that the long term residents are active in and they expressed their, you know, unique culture and identity. 375 00:52:47,850 --> 00:52:51,270 But there is kind of this sense. 376 00:52:51,270 --> 00:53:01,140 And when they encounter this process where, you know, when when the sun sets, they don't feel safe to leave their homes. 377 00:53:01,140 --> 00:53:07,080 And it's not it's not something racist against the migrants because they often used 378 00:53:07,080 --> 00:53:13,500 to say we don't have something against them and people we have something about. 379 00:53:13,500 --> 00:53:18,390 We have to say something about this process that really changed, that change our lives, 380 00:53:18,390 --> 00:53:25,270 our lives and our sense of security and belonging in in our neighbourhood. 381 00:53:25,270 --> 00:53:30,750 Some of gentrification about the second question, gentrification in the neighbourhood. 382 00:53:30,750 --> 00:53:46,970 I don't know if it's a very apparent today and maybe it will be more dominant in the recent years because now and it might be more easier to build, 383 00:53:46,970 --> 00:53:47,280 you know, 384 00:53:47,280 --> 00:53:56,730 new homes and houses in that way because they're only now starting to divide their land in a way because many people were more signing the same. 385 00:53:56,730 --> 00:54:00,810 That ended the way. So now they do the postulation process. 386 00:54:00,810 --> 00:54:09,120 So maybe now it will be easier to build new homes and new buildings and more young people will arrive. 387 00:54:09,120 --> 00:54:17,550 But we have to see it. But then now there are some people that live in that big, bad neighbourhood, younger people, but especially, I think actors, 388 00:54:17,550 --> 00:54:28,940 because there is a really famous acting and school in the neighbourhood and that it wasn't very apparent in that way. 389 00:54:28,940 --> 00:54:35,880 It wasn't, you know, there the African migrants were more apparent than students or, 390 00:54:35,880 --> 00:54:42,170 you know, young people come to live beside the longtime residents. Thank you. 391 00:54:42,170 --> 00:54:52,380 We have a question from Mattel was thanking you for this insightful, nuanced presentation of what has been the response of the authorities so far? 392 00:54:52,380 --> 00:55:07,160 In particular, how do the elected representatives of this neighbourhood negotiate the tensions between newcomers and more long standing residents? 393 00:55:07,160 --> 00:55:13,820 And you mean like the local local leaders or in the global or international local leaders? 394 00:55:13,820 --> 00:55:23,140 Yeah. OK. And so basically the local leaders, eh? 395 00:55:23,140 --> 00:55:28,700 It. It's also very much ambivalent. Some people say, OK. 396 00:55:28,700 --> 00:55:35,270 I remember this one time when I went to this meeting gay in the local and local, 397 00:55:35,270 --> 00:55:43,280 they at a local meeting and one of the leaders used to say, OK, you know, people are helping the migrant smokers. 398 00:55:43,280 --> 00:55:45,080 They tried to speak with them. 399 00:55:45,080 --> 00:55:53,210 And then many people were were rejecting this idea because they felt like it would walk against them if they accept them. 400 00:55:53,210 --> 00:55:58,130 I went. So how how we can how we can approach today authorities and. 401 00:55:58,130 --> 00:56:04,010 OK. They they really affected our lives negatively. And then. 402 00:56:04,010 --> 00:56:17,960 And, you know, they protest in a way was also connected to the Israeli right wing politicians because they were the ones hurting because it was. 403 00:56:17,960 --> 00:56:26,820 And it was, you know, promoting their agenda for a Jewish state then and, you know, against migrants. 404 00:56:26,820 --> 00:56:31,970 But the residents were hesitating. Some used to say, OK, 405 00:56:31,970 --> 00:56:40,250 we should we should let them come to the demonstration because they're the one that helping us to promote this agenda in the Israeli Knesset. 406 00:56:40,250 --> 00:56:46,760 But on the other side, people say, OK, how we might be perceived in the public if people, 407 00:56:46,760 --> 00:56:52,580 you know, he had names like, you know, very, you know, extreme Israeli like Ben Grigoriev or. 408 00:56:52,580 --> 00:57:01,660 And other, you know, very and permanent leaders from the extreme right that were coming today. 409 00:57:01,660 --> 00:57:05,900 Demonstrations, though, you know, many people in the Israeli audience. 410 00:57:05,900 --> 00:57:13,760 General audience will immediately shut up, shop the television or or stop stop reading about the protest. 411 00:57:13,760 --> 00:57:21,020 So so there are they felt in a way, the leaders were felt in between. 412 00:57:21,020 --> 00:57:29,750 They tried to say, OK, this is what this is about, our own neighbourhood rights and character. 413 00:57:29,750 --> 00:57:35,390 But it couldn't really be detached from, you know, 414 00:57:35,390 --> 00:57:46,490 the general real agenda of the right from the left side and the left wing activist supporting the refugees from the other side. 415 00:57:46,490 --> 00:57:55,290 So it was a very complicated situation that was the heart for the long term residents to manoeuvre I. 416 00:57:55,290 --> 00:58:03,450 Thank you. No question for me. Lisa Simmon, again, thank you for the talk. 417 00:58:03,450 --> 00:58:08,760 Could you maybe expand on this melancholic citizenship in other circumstances, 418 00:58:08,760 --> 00:58:18,990 like in neighbourhoods that become poverty or even high class areas and cities like San Francisco, which is dealing with high levels of homelessness? 419 00:58:18,990 --> 00:58:31,050 Can high class with high class residents experience melancholy to. 420 00:58:31,050 --> 00:58:34,770 It's a good question. I have to think about it then. 421 00:58:34,770 --> 00:58:44,760 I think the main idea of fair, melancholic emotion to do have to lose something or to feel you don't belong in a way. 422 00:58:44,760 --> 00:58:58,560 If we think about these terms, you know, some people might leave in a very affluent neighbourhood that is that might be changing or becoming holiday. 423 00:58:58,560 --> 00:59:02,430 And and they might feel, you know, they are losing something. 424 00:59:02,430 --> 00:59:10,980 So I think, yeah, if I think about the Twilight speak, so I think definitely because they lose about their sense of identity or they 425 00:59:10,980 --> 00:59:17,220 lose about their place attachment because it's changing that significantly. 426 00:59:17,220 --> 00:59:27,060 And it might it might be related to other events of inequality they might feel in their lives even though they are wealthier. 427 00:59:27,060 --> 00:59:34,650 But even if it's really a continent and this specific idea of urban transformation, 428 00:59:34,650 --> 00:59:40,320 I think it might be applied also to these kinds of sites in relation to homelessness. 429 00:59:40,320 --> 00:59:44,730 I didn't quite get it. Can you repeat it? 430 00:59:44,730 --> 00:59:53,390 So I'll just repeat the question. In cities like San Francisco, which is dealing with high levels of homelessness, 431 00:59:53,390 --> 01:00:01,350 can high class residents experience melancholy when their cities transformed into something else? 432 01:00:01,350 --> 01:00:05,160 Yeah, yeah, I think so. I think so. Yeah. 433 01:00:05,160 --> 01:00:15,750 And. Yeah, I think it also apply to these kind of. 434 01:00:15,750 --> 01:00:20,850 But the plus you have to think about it in your head to see that they die in the 435 01:00:20,850 --> 01:00:29,700 concrete history of the place in order to try to see how to use this concept correctly. 436 01:00:29,700 --> 01:00:49,240 But overall, you have to think about this place where a a in relation to the law or is it a sense of inequality? 437 01:00:49,240 --> 01:00:53,220 Thank you. I think these are the questions that were posted. 438 01:00:53,220 --> 01:01:00,310 And so maybe I'll take the prerogative of asking, you know, the last question before we conclude and thank you. 439 01:01:00,310 --> 01:01:10,030 I find a very interesting tension or isolation and necessary tension between three levels of three levels of this phenomena. 440 01:01:10,030 --> 01:01:12,310 One is it's a very universal phenomena. 441 01:01:12,310 --> 01:01:24,250 We can just approach this is yet another case of marginalised people having to deal with the fact that this is where migrants end up in. 442 01:01:24,250 --> 01:01:32,770 So in this case, I think what is just one case of this global phenomena midway between this national issue, 443 01:01:32,770 --> 01:01:49,160 which you mentioned, the detention between. Residents and newcomers under the umbrella of nationalising narrative that paints it differently. 444 01:01:49,160 --> 01:01:56,120 And then there's the very specific nature of a tick. I guess no one could immediately ask this. 445 01:01:56,120 --> 01:02:03,080 I ask you to compare it to other neighbourhoods in Tillawi which have experienced the large waves of migration, 446 01:02:03,080 --> 01:02:09,560 such as the all the bus station neighbourhood and similar the bus station. 447 01:02:09,560 --> 01:02:17,550 Everyone does not have a local patriotic sense like Tikvah has done is have a football team, for example. 448 01:02:17,550 --> 01:02:25,450 Right? As far as I know, not now. So. So my question is, to what degree does do this? 449 01:02:25,450 --> 01:02:29,750 What does the tension or the oscillation between these levers? 450 01:02:29,750 --> 01:02:37,820 To what degree can you explain the fact that this has not materialised? This does not materialise into violent rage. 451 01:02:37,820 --> 01:02:42,620 But rather, is your chronic melancholy, I feel depressed. 452 01:02:42,620 --> 01:02:52,010 Right. I don't want I don't want to start to pretend to know anything about the distinction between the psychological categories. 453 01:02:52,010 --> 01:02:56,930 But it's very depressing. And you can you can see how depression would translate into rage. 454 01:02:56,930 --> 01:03:03,200 I think this is what happens in now in Washington. If I understand correctly, not on this. 455 01:03:03,200 --> 01:03:09,710 And I'm wondering maybe is it really the case that they are afraid to hurt the state's interest, for example? 456 01:03:09,710 --> 01:03:18,610 That makes them just. Become subdued. 457 01:03:18,610 --> 01:03:23,490 Oh, I just. Have you finished? Yes. 458 01:03:23,490 --> 01:03:30,310 It's a long question. I'm sorry. Am. 459 01:03:30,310 --> 01:03:37,340 You know, it's really interesting point, because Doug Mithaka do a very. 460 01:03:37,340 --> 01:03:44,240 About Dianna's. And they morphed. 461 01:03:44,240 --> 01:03:48,500 I mean, most of them, you know. Well, are they? 462 01:03:48,500 --> 01:03:58,520 Right. And and and they're right for their right side in the Israeli political map. 463 01:03:58,520 --> 01:04:04,820 And then and they feel betrayed in a way. 464 01:04:04,820 --> 01:04:08,570 And I don't know if you can. 465 01:04:08,570 --> 01:04:17,570 You can. You can. You can really. And you can't really know what comes before what. 466 01:04:17,570 --> 01:04:29,120 Because they feel that the sense of rage and the sense of melancholy, they coexist in a way in that protest of the long term residents. 467 01:04:29,120 --> 01:04:35,180 And I also want to say that it's not something that is ongoing. 468 01:04:35,180 --> 01:04:46,550 You know, there are certain events that certain points in that biography's the door of emotion arise and not something that, 469 01:04:46,550 --> 01:04:57,740 you know, it's off people. I'm not a I'm not a psychologist and I don't, you know, try to say they're depressed. 470 01:04:57,740 --> 01:05:10,260 But I feel there is a collective sense of loss which is immersed in this current situation, highlighting their social marginality. 471 01:05:10,260 --> 01:05:22,170 And I think you are they are you are right. You know, you can you can you can you can find Fowlers in Europe and in the UK. 472 01:05:22,170 --> 01:05:29,270 I even know what a mean. 473 01:05:29,270 --> 01:05:42,750 And indeed who asked I am. But specifically in Israel, I think it's the story of the Zionist mcduffee Jews and that are really you know, there are. 474 01:05:42,750 --> 01:05:48,710 There are. Judaism is very important in their life. They are proud scissored citizens. 475 01:05:48,710 --> 01:05:55,400 They see that they are being repressed to the margins of the overall society. 476 01:05:55,400 --> 01:06:01,070 Of course we can. We can we can discern, you know, upper middle class today. 477 01:06:01,070 --> 01:06:07,540 But my wall concept concentrated on the people that were left behind, especially the vulnerable people. 478 01:06:07,540 --> 01:06:15,050 So in that, I think when they board, I think the second generation were more active or more raids. 479 01:06:15,050 --> 01:06:21,860 And, you know, they all people, they were more volleyball and melancholic in their way. 480 01:06:21,860 --> 01:06:41,020 And they embody that be they made a sort of melancholy of ethnic spazzing out and engendering melancholy that I mentioned before and. 481 01:06:41,020 --> 01:06:50,890 Can you tell? Thank you so much for this fascinating talk and for the encouraging encouragement to further think this. 482 01:06:50,890 --> 01:06:57,010 And also for being open for this term terms serious. 483 01:06:57,010 --> 01:07:06,460 I want to mention that next week's slot of the seminar is reserved for the reconsidering early nasch early Jewish Nationalist Ideology Seminar, 484 01:07:06,460 --> 01:07:13,960 where Adam Sutcliff of Casey L will talk about, well, 485 01:07:13,960 --> 01:07:20,980 what are Jews for his book and specifically the idea of a Jewish purpose and the emergence of Zionism. 486 01:07:20,980 --> 01:07:33,237 So thank you all and I hope to see you next week.