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Lesson five is the measured drawing.

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Now, measurement is absolutely central to drawing.

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Somebody much smarter than me actually said that drawing was all about

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the collecting of measurements.

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And the business of drawing was recording those measurements on paper.

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To do it we use two strategies.

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One of them is to actually use a ruler and measure things.

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You say it's that wide or high.

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Another way is to estimate.

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And so I look at my hand, and I say, well,

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it's about nine inches from there to there.

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About an octave on a piano.

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And you measure octave on a piano and

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it probably comes out around about nine inches.

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So a lot of drawing is done by estimation.

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But today, we're going to look at more accurate measurement.

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In the drawing we're going to look at, Raskin was trying to draw a shield,

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a heraldic shield.

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A shield that might've been carried by a knight in shinning armor.

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Now, to arrive at his drawing of a shield, there are many different shapes of shield.

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He used a compass to get an accurate circle.

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He also used a compass to break down that circle into segments.

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And then a ruler to describe the straight edge across the top.

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Later on, we're going to actually make one of these shields on paper.

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And I'll show you a very simple construction.

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But at the moment, I think what is important to bear in mind is that so

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many good drawings are done as a result of measurement.

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It's not simply a question of learning to be good at estimating,

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learning to draw with wonderful gestures with a brush.

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But also, being able to measure something and record it quite precisely on paper.

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So now I'm going to show you how to make a precise drawing of

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a shield using a ruler and a compass.

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Using a pair of compasses I'm drawing a four inch

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across circle which means I need the compasses open two inches.

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I measure that on the ruler.

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Draw the circle.

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Then using that same two inch distance,

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I work my way around the edge of the circle, marking it off into segments.

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The top two segments form the top points of the shield.

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And the lowest point of the section of the circle forms the point of the shield.

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By joining the top two with a ruler.

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So by opening out my compass and placing on the two top points and

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connecting them to the lower point, I create the shield form.

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Now, this is the starting point of a drawing that could either have heraldic

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devices on it, patterns on it, colors on it, but it is a measured starting point.

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The important thing is that it could be repeated several times as a pattern.

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And that any drawing that is going to become part of the pattern needs to be

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measured.