1 00:00:03,140 --> 00:00:28,650 I don't have any. On the subjects of manuscript production in the court of the media with print space and at Tabriz during the early 15th century. 2 00:00:28,650 --> 00:00:37,210 She'd undertake an undergraduate and master's studies in Tehran in fine arts and her areas of scholarly interest. 3 00:00:37,210 --> 00:00:43,520 Broadly speaking, Islamic arts and architecture, including the art of the book. 4 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:55,400 She was at Pembroke College in Cambridge, she tells me, and then needing a grand a college, she undertook work at King's College in Cambridge, 5 00:00:55,400 --> 00:01:03,290 where she catalogued manuscripts in Persian, Indian and Arabic held in the Poot collection of Islamic manuscripts. 6 00:01:03,290 --> 00:01:12,830 And there is catalogue descriptions are now available online in the Union catalogue, which is called Fear is the Fairest. 7 00:01:12,830 --> 00:01:15,950 A joint venture put together by several institutions, 8 00:01:15,950 --> 00:01:26,150 including the Bodhran and Dr Mohan has recently held a shredder curatorial fellowship at the Harvard Museums, 9 00:01:26,150 --> 00:01:31,370 and her articles on the Manuscripts in Our Face and Girls Library can be found in the Journal of the 10 00:01:31,370 --> 00:01:38,090 British Institute of Persian Studies and in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society and elsewhere. 11 00:01:38,090 --> 00:01:43,820 And you will see her subject, which I think is what you're very much what you're currently working on. 12 00:01:43,820 --> 00:01:50,490 Um, which is piecing together in mutilated timber leaves. 13 00:01:50,490 --> 00:01:57,740 Masterpiece, thank you very. Thank you very much, Professor Harrison. 14 00:01:57,740 --> 00:02:11,480 Thank you, Alex. Um, yes, this is my research, part of my Pew Research that I completed in 2018. 15 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:21,350 What I'm doing at the Public Library is closely connected is another publication production library. 16 00:02:21,350 --> 00:02:32,220 And they are both produced around 14 30 and they come from the same libraries, so they're closely connected. 17 00:02:32,220 --> 00:02:43,170 But my research on this manuscript is completed. 18 00:02:43,170 --> 00:02:59,610 At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a surge in Western communities, and Western dealers have this enthusiasm to collect Islamic book art. 19 00:02:59,610 --> 00:03:07,170 And it led the dealers to feed and respond to market forces, 20 00:03:07,170 --> 00:03:17,880 which in turn resulted in many of the books and manuscripts of the Islamic background being mutilated or enhanced. 21 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:33,930 Oh, to maximise the profit. And this practise actually started sometime in the 19th century and a few decades, it's reached its peak around 1910. 22 00:03:33,930 --> 00:03:43,830 Perhaps the most famous example is the Great Mongol Army, which survived the royal collections and Persia for 600 years. 23 00:03:43,830 --> 00:03:58,440 But when the bound manuscript was taken from Iran and brought to Europe by Jack Kevorkian, it was sold to another dealer called George Demand. 24 00:03:58,440 --> 00:04:07,350 And it is known as the Molchanov man in it, so he could not get the price that he demanded for. 25 00:04:07,350 --> 00:04:21,630 So he started to sell them individually. Like all day, folios are now in the collection and they are scattered around the world. 26 00:04:21,630 --> 00:04:34,020 And that is one of the crimes, I think, to the Islamic art or in that market to be beautiful display of all objects, 27 00:04:34,020 --> 00:04:48,090 illustrations and to some extent, illuminations and bindings were prised over text, which was little studied or valued. 28 00:04:48,090 --> 00:04:55,800 We could see that this practise of mutilation of manuscripts could happen frequently 29 00:04:55,800 --> 00:05:00,960 with little intellectual or cultural concern for preserving the integrity of texts. 30 00:05:00,960 --> 00:05:17,280 Manuscripts were literally mined or carved off to satisfy the inflated hunger of our dealers or collectors for exotic and beautiful images. 31 00:05:17,280 --> 00:05:22,350 The subject of my presentation today is one of these manuscripts, 32 00:05:22,350 --> 00:05:36,370 and it is a very interesting case in which the illuminations of the manuscripts were taken out by the illustrations are still in the codex. 33 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:43,210 And it is a very high quality royal production, every page with text is adorned with illuminations, 34 00:05:43,210 --> 00:05:49,660 and probably that was why the manuscript was not mined further. 35 00:05:49,660 --> 00:06:03,370 The remaining manuscript is known as the Berenson anthology and is located in the Princeton Collection at the Villa 880 in Florence. 36 00:06:03,370 --> 00:06:11,770 Now, the Centre for Italian Renaissance Studies of the Harvard University in 2015, 37 00:06:11,770 --> 00:06:21,580 I studied the Princeton manuscript as part of my help to do research on manuscript production under the team where it prints by so-called. 38 00:06:21,580 --> 00:06:33,000 And I noticed signs of mutilations which appear to have gone entirely unnoticed for over a century. 39 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:39,330 Since Bernard Berenson, the figure on the right, purchased a manuscript in 1910. 40 00:06:39,330 --> 00:06:48,900 Fortunately, I've been able to track down most of the pieces and reconstruct a manuscript in its original form. 41 00:06:48,900 --> 00:06:56,160 I should add that this manuscript was on display on the Harvard art museums in 2017 in an exhibition, 42 00:06:56,160 --> 00:07:08,490 and the catalogue of that exhibition is not out yet, and I'm not really updated with the current contributions it is so set to be out in 2020. 43 00:07:08,490 --> 00:07:15,420 But my research is completely different from that, and it is publishing my thesis. 44 00:07:15,420 --> 00:07:27,420 So to start with, I will introduce a manuscript and it's textual content identifying for the first time each of the rare treatises and the authors. 45 00:07:27,420 --> 00:07:37,950 It's an important aspect of my research to redress the balance between text and image in illustrated manuscripts, 46 00:07:37,950 --> 00:07:43,800 which is mainly neglected by the art historians. 47 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:52,230 In the second part, I will discuss the science of mutilations and make arguments for reconstruction of the original Codex. 48 00:07:52,230 --> 00:08:01,490 To the extent that is now possible. So let's start with a bit of background. 49 00:08:01,490 --> 00:08:14,980 Various branches of the arts flourished under the Timorese and Timor dynasty ruled greater Iran and parts of Central Asia from 13, 70 to 50 in 07. 50 00:08:14,980 --> 00:08:28,990 It was founded by the Timor are, as is known in the West Tamilian, who somehow established a tradition of patronising the arts. 51 00:08:28,990 --> 00:08:37,180 He chose Summer Account as his capital and try to make it to the glorious city in the world. 52 00:08:37,180 --> 00:08:42,130 So who was his youngest son and took control after his father? 53 00:08:42,130 --> 00:08:53,560 He changed the capital to Herod and his son by board was also based in Hobart, so he had several sons. 54 00:08:53,560 --> 00:09:01,390 And all of them were given refined literacy. Sorry, do you find literary education? 55 00:09:01,390 --> 00:09:06,670 And they were all bibliophiles, very great patrons of the arts. 56 00:09:06,670 --> 00:09:13,000 But probably the most famous one was really by Suha. 57 00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:20,620 He established his utterly in her art in 14 20, which is six hundred years up to now. 58 00:09:20,620 --> 00:09:34,690 And they were active for 15 years until 14 thirty five, and during this time they produced some 30 to 35 manuscripts. 59 00:09:34,690 --> 00:09:50,800 Unlike his grandfather, who was a conqueror, he was a man of fun and mostly interested in hunting and garden parties. 60 00:09:50,800 --> 00:09:57,250 The manuscript that I'm talking about is one of those productions that produced under paints by Singer. 61 00:09:57,250 --> 00:10:05,560 It is a collection of seven rare treatises and it was copied in 14 27. 62 00:10:05,560 --> 00:10:14,590 It also contains seven high quality illustrations, sumptuous decorations and beautiful calligraphy. 63 00:10:14,590 --> 00:10:21,730 It was copied by the royal scribe, Shams, by somebody who was the prince's calligraphy tutor. 64 00:10:21,730 --> 00:10:28,240 The manuscript was known as the restoration, meaning treatises. 65 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:34,990 But today it is known as the Princeton Anthology. So from now on, I refer to this manuscript as a rescue. 66 00:10:34,990 --> 00:10:44,230 The bulk of the Codex is now has into bear, not Berenson collection of Islamic art in Florence, belonging to Harvard University. 67 00:10:44,230 --> 00:10:55,270 The title ISIL is found in a Temeraire document of 14 27, which is called the hours it dashed, 68 00:10:55,270 --> 00:11:01,780 and it is a report to the Prince about the ongoing projects in the library. 69 00:11:01,780 --> 00:11:10,420 There were several projects of art and architecture going on in the court and library of Passover at the same time, 70 00:11:10,420 --> 00:11:19,330 and the project supervisor was Jafar Tabrizi or later on it got the sobriquet Boysenberry, 71 00:11:19,330 --> 00:11:33,280 and he is reporting about what was going on with the artists and craftsmen, the projects, everything about the library. 72 00:11:33,280 --> 00:11:43,580 It is written in one single folio and it is now preserved in the Topkapi Palace Library in Istanbul. 73 00:11:43,580 --> 00:11:54,980 And it is like it's cruel. So I cut it to show the image better, and it is one single foliar piece it in an album. 74 00:11:54,980 --> 00:12:09,410 The rest are you is one of the works that is referred to in this report, and it is referred to in that paragraph 80C on the top. 75 00:12:09,410 --> 00:12:15,110 I could identify all the manuscripts that were referred to in this document, 76 00:12:15,110 --> 00:12:24,790 but one which I say it was one of those manuscripts that previous caller is trying to identify. 77 00:12:24,790 --> 00:12:38,860 According to the hours attached to this document, we know that biosimilars actually started to illustrate manuscripts in this year, meaning 14 27. 78 00:12:38,860 --> 00:12:52,380 And we know that the rest are you and the Golisano of Saudi, where the two manuscripts that received the first illustrations. 79 00:12:52,380 --> 00:13:01,060 In a final full year of the so-called Berenson anthology, also, we know that the name of the manuscript is referred to you. 80 00:13:01,060 --> 00:13:09,750 I saw you as you see there or more clear in here to date of the completion also agrees with the data the. 81 00:13:09,750 --> 00:13:22,950 As I mentioned, the Rozario contains seven treatises and I'm going to introduce the justices now the reserves and the wine lover's delight, 82 00:13:22,950 --> 00:13:33,390 the sword and the pen to riches of the hard certainties of a spring chess and backgammon and treatise of the lab. 83 00:13:33,390 --> 00:13:40,920 Photo of those appear in an anthology in the Chester Beatty Library, which was copied by Shea Mahmood, 84 00:13:40,920 --> 00:13:48,120 who was a calligrapher who started his career under boysenberry and then later joined the library. 85 00:13:48,120 --> 00:14:02,070 FP Widdop and a few decades later, he copied this manuscript with four of these treatises for people to sew in what comes next. 86 00:14:02,070 --> 00:14:11,060 I excluded that copy from the other extant copies that I'm going to talk about. 87 00:14:11,060 --> 00:14:19,910 The first cities in the U.S. are. It is a heck of a year to go, learn more, which is a debate between rows and the wide to front. 88 00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:27,510 His space contains a two page preface as part of the first treatises. 89 00:14:27,510 --> 00:14:35,760 There are at least two works in Persian literature with the same title, but this one was written by Zang. 90 00:14:35,760 --> 00:14:40,380 There are two other copies of this treatise one in Tehran Majlis Library, 91 00:14:40,380 --> 00:14:49,540 and the other one is in an ontology in Istanbul University, both from the 14th century. 92 00:14:49,540 --> 00:14:55,600 The second serious case is not our city, which is another work by the same author. 93 00:14:55,600 --> 00:15:02,860 Thank you. It is the longest treatise of the manuscript written in the manner of Golisano Sadie. 94 00:15:02,860 --> 00:15:13,810 There are two other copies of this story. It is in Istanbul and one is earlier than our manuscript, and the other one is dated 14 56. 95 00:15:13,810 --> 00:15:27,370 Recycling It is a short debate between the sword and the pen, which opens with the most sumptuous silo of the manuscript silo or the heading over. 96 00:15:27,370 --> 00:15:32,290 Numerous works with the same title have been composed by different authors. 97 00:15:32,290 --> 00:15:42,610 The truth is in this manuscript is why gelatine coffee in the 14th century the only other copy of this work is now in Tehran Much Less Library, 98 00:15:42,610 --> 00:15:49,030 which was compiled for Chakra by Stonebwoy's father Reza Chang. 99 00:15:49,030 --> 00:15:55,660 The traces of the harp was written by Camera Latin America in the 13th century. 100 00:15:55,660 --> 00:16:08,320 This theory is narrates the story of a mystic conversing with a harp about the profound sadness the music of the harp conveys. 101 00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:19,750 We know of two other copies of this work one in an anthology in the Istanbul University Library and the other one in Taskin Museum resonated. 102 00:16:19,750 --> 00:16:22,900 There is a text in praise of spring. 103 00:16:22,900 --> 00:16:31,540 It is the twist from the martial arts by ferry to an actor who was emergency at the courtyard of the Abu Sayyaf in June. 104 00:16:31,540 --> 00:16:38,380 The early manuscript I'm aware of containing the same treatise is preserved in the neuroscience library, 105 00:16:38,380 --> 00:16:44,680 which is dated 15 83, and that makes our text the earliest extant copy of this. 106 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:53,200 Hour later at their monastery near the Shatterhand is a debate between chess and backgammon. 107 00:16:53,200 --> 00:17:01,300 This is an ancient topic, and there have been numerous examples in pairs in literature from pre-Islamic Prager to 108 00:17:01,300 --> 00:17:10,180 through to the Islamic era to treatise is attributed to Sarah for me within the text itself. 109 00:17:10,180 --> 00:17:18,700 And usually, this treatise does not begin with praise of God or the prophet, but only has a brief introduction. 110 00:17:18,700 --> 00:17:29,770 And unlike other debates, no Koranic verses are included because they were known as gambling games and they were forbidden in Islam. 111 00:17:29,770 --> 00:17:40,190 Bessemer Runescape is the only copy of the treaties again, I exclude appeared without a manuscript. 112 00:17:40,190 --> 00:17:45,990 Sally Sara, G.A., the treaties of the lab is different from the well-known treaties where hard you 113 00:17:45,990 --> 00:17:52,470 care money and is so also different from other treaties with the same name. 114 00:17:52,470 --> 00:18:02,800 So we have lots of treatises with either homonym as title or very similar in the wordings or meaning, such as Israel, etcetera. 115 00:18:02,800 --> 00:18:13,320 You are least Liz out here. Sarah Jane Bahadur sham or Sham SIU sham operative ANI having compared to text of our sun. 116 00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:22,500 Yes, Sarugaser. With all of these texts, I found that the bar, similar to Sally Sara, is the same as a sham. 117 00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:32,030 But the treaties of the candle by General Coffey, who was also the author of In Rescue. 118 00:18:32,030 --> 00:18:37,450 The only other copy of this work is in the Trinity College Cambridge. 119 00:18:37,450 --> 00:18:52,420 And that work is dates back to much later than by some great copy, and it makes our work the earliest extant treaties. 120 00:18:52,420 --> 00:19:06,620 All treatises of the ReciƩn are extremely important editions of the text are there as the base text or as one of the few existing examples. 121 00:19:06,620 --> 00:19:19,010 As you have seen, the manuscript is adorned with this beautiful programme of nations and dazzling colours, 122 00:19:19,010 --> 00:19:23,750 and we see that there are lots of highlights of orange and lilac in this colour 123 00:19:23,750 --> 00:19:31,610 palette of which is so very innovative and decorative by so far to critics, 124 00:19:31,610 --> 00:19:37,610 is currently closed in 19th century Ottoman binding, 125 00:19:37,610 --> 00:19:49,250 which has a velvet fabric on top and a marble paper on the inside cover ready to block the paper of the manuscript has it chickpea 126 00:19:49,250 --> 00:19:59,690 be turned on as well burnished and starched the extent folios are in pristine condition and all of them have catch words. 127 00:19:59,690 --> 00:20:05,540 The opening and final folios bears a celebration of the Ottoman sultan. 128 00:20:05,540 --> 00:20:13,280 Why is it the second which is coming in by simply manuscripts in parallel with the rest of our year? 129 00:20:13,280 --> 00:20:24,770 We know from the Exodus that the ateliers was producing a copy of the Golisano Saudi. 130 00:20:24,770 --> 00:20:31,280 It has the same number of illustrations, the same number of folios and very similar in dimensions. 131 00:20:31,280 --> 00:20:36,890 It is quite possible that the same artist. They are 13 and amicably. 132 00:20:36,890 --> 00:20:44,870 We're working on both manuscripts simultaneously. We can't compare the lady offering drink to Sadie. 133 00:20:44,870 --> 00:20:54,470 I'm going to start with the lover below the ladies window in the rescue and see how similar they are in design, 134 00:20:54,470 --> 00:21:01,110 setting, composition, text and image relation. And even the closing of the male. 135 00:21:01,110 --> 00:21:12,520 I'll figure. One chapter in each manuscript receives nearly half of the illustrations, 136 00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:22,570 which is again meaning they are an evil eye unevenly distributed throughout the manuscripts, both of them are the same in this regard. 137 00:21:22,570 --> 00:21:34,390 And here is the illustration of the chess and backgammon, which has been regarded as the finest illustration of this manuscript. 138 00:21:34,390 --> 00:21:51,280 The Golden Sky is the trademark of royalty myriad manuscripts and as we see it is in contrast the way they read about history. 139 00:21:51,280 --> 00:21:59,080 Loosely speaking, Chester presents reason and backgammon emphasises the role of chance and fate. 140 00:21:59,080 --> 00:22:09,610 This scene would be illustrated again in the most famous by some great manuscript economy that is now in the godless some palace in Tehran. 141 00:22:09,610 --> 00:22:22,760 It was just at the early stages of copying at the same time, but it finished three years later. 142 00:22:22,760 --> 00:22:26,990 Over there, I saw it looked pristine at the first glance, 143 00:22:26,990 --> 00:22:35,900 but I examined the folios closely and I found that not only where some of the folios loose in the gutter, 144 00:22:35,900 --> 00:22:42,740 but also I also found traces of internal damage to the paper. 145 00:22:42,740 --> 00:22:53,750 Almost every folio from the beginning of each treatise has marks of mutilation. 146 00:22:53,750 --> 00:23:00,950 You see wrinkles, creases, air bubbles. 147 00:23:00,950 --> 00:23:14,000 And with the help of a light, I found that even more damage had been done to the paper, indicating that folios had been split at some point. 148 00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:16,220 Having worked with myriad manuscripts, 149 00:23:16,220 --> 00:23:27,500 I suspected a decorated medallion or a shamsi had been removed from the beginning of each treatise by splitting the paper. 150 00:23:27,500 --> 00:23:36,080 What I mean by splitting is a delicate operation by which the rector anniversary of the folio are being separated, 151 00:23:36,080 --> 00:23:45,080 usually with the use of a sharp blade similar to peeling a sticker from its support. 152 00:23:45,080 --> 00:23:56,600 Perhaps this would have been done to remove a half folio bearing a title, some say from the beginning of each treatise to sell or display separately. 153 00:23:56,600 --> 00:24:12,160 This hypothesis was strongly supported when I discovered an imprint of one such shamsie at the first full year of the chess and backgammon. 154 00:24:12,160 --> 00:24:16,210 You can see the imprint better here. 155 00:24:16,210 --> 00:24:25,210 It was visible even without backlighting to conceal the traces of the removed chances and to reinforce what remained. 156 00:24:25,210 --> 00:24:33,880 The vandals pasted a thin sheet of paper onto the reverse of the remaining page or in cases, the blank page. 157 00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:45,100 A full year was appearing. Before that, they split the previous folio and pasted the remaining halves together. 158 00:24:45,100 --> 00:24:57,470 We don't know when or where this happened, but at least one split folio was pasted over with European paper. 159 00:24:57,470 --> 00:25:06,850 Which was carrying a watermark with three circles, as you see here and a crescent at the top. 160 00:25:06,850 --> 00:25:19,780 The paint stain watermark database suggests that this type of paper was in production in Italy from around the midst of 17th century. 161 00:25:19,780 --> 00:25:24,780 So that's the earliest of folios could have been a split. 162 00:25:24,780 --> 00:25:38,990 Now, one important question was, could this sham says, possibly the extent I began to search for any trace of the missing chances? 163 00:25:38,990 --> 00:25:48,170 Having studied study the text after I saw it, at least I knew the correct title of the treatises and I knew what to hunt for, 164 00:25:48,170 --> 00:25:59,120 and I was amazed to come across a Christie's auction describing a tumour of the album containing for some stars, which was sold in London in 2009. 165 00:25:59,120 --> 00:26:08,780 I very quickly recognised they read the title stamps as is stolen from their I Saw You after a lengthy mediated confidential correspondence. 166 00:26:08,780 --> 00:26:19,160 The owner of the stamps has contacted me and you can imagine how happy I was knowing that we knew each other. 167 00:26:19,160 --> 00:26:29,450 And the collector of the sham says was a famous art historian and collector of art. 168 00:26:29,450 --> 00:26:46,040 And Sue Pseudovirus was not aware of the treasure that he had, and he was thinking that it belonged to a period later than by St. Mary's home period. 169 00:26:46,040 --> 00:26:55,130 So we established that the shape and size of one of the detached Sam says match those of the imprint in the backgammon and chess. 170 00:26:55,130 --> 00:27:04,330 Not only that, but the inscription of the scamsters matched the title of the treatises perfectly well. 171 00:27:04,330 --> 00:27:13,820 One of the sham cells was particularly interesting to me. That's half the truth is to speak the inner circle. 172 00:27:13,820 --> 00:27:23,270 I mean this it is an exact duplicate of the title, Sham says another production of was library called Kelly No. 173 00:27:23,270 --> 00:27:37,790 ID. Then. And superimposing, the two confirms that the same Stanciu was used for both of them, although with a different colour palette. 174 00:27:37,790 --> 00:27:45,330 The similarity of is the fake and the sham says, and the fact that both of them were copied by the same scribe, 175 00:27:45,330 --> 00:27:53,400 some said by somebody, as well as a resemblance of intra textual eliminations. 176 00:27:53,400 --> 00:27:58,830 Let me to hypothesise, a similar arrangement for both of them manuscripts. 177 00:27:58,830 --> 00:28:07,200 The caseload begins with a double page illustration, followed by a double page illuminated. 178 00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:20,160 It seems very likely. It seemed very likely that the sale would originally have begun with a similar double page illustration as well. 179 00:28:20,160 --> 00:28:31,370 And also, I would have expected to see a double page illuminated like sleepers, but both of them were absent in the Berenson codex. 180 00:28:31,370 --> 00:28:41,960 The illustration appearing at the beginning of them, there is a type of illustration that was very common with boysenberry manuscripts. 181 00:28:41,960 --> 00:28:52,550 The illustrated manuscripts usually open with a double page illustration depicting the prince in a royal garden with his entourage, 182 00:28:52,550 --> 00:28:58,850 and the prince is usually drinking wine even if it is a hunting scene. 183 00:28:58,850 --> 00:29:08,930 And we know that he loved drinking, and he actually died of excessive enjoyment of drinking wine at the age of 35. 184 00:29:08,930 --> 00:29:13,760 There might well have been a similar opening illustration for the rest are two. 185 00:29:13,760 --> 00:29:17,660 And I suspect I found it. 186 00:29:17,660 --> 00:29:29,060 There is a double page painting now in the Sackler Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., which depicts a young prince in a similar setting. 187 00:29:29,060 --> 00:29:34,760 Here we go. The prince is in a royal garden and drinking wine. 188 00:29:34,760 --> 00:29:39,980 Musicians are playing everything says that this might be our story. 189 00:29:39,980 --> 00:29:48,860 In addition to the matching physical dimensions of the folios, the subject of the first activities is a debate between the rivers and the wine, 190 00:29:48,860 --> 00:29:56,960 as I mentioned before, which the wine wins bursting of its place in the hands of kings. 191 00:29:56,960 --> 00:30:01,040 This story is perfectly reflected in this painting. 192 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:11,820 The young prince is being served by holding a bowl of wine in his hand and the flower depicted in four places. 193 00:30:11,820 --> 00:30:25,160 And here and finally here is broken and looking down. 194 00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:29,330 Is it more clear in this fight? Yeah. 195 00:30:29,330 --> 00:30:44,020 So it is placed right above the bottle of wine, which is another reason to believe that this was the opening illustration of the wine. 196 00:30:44,020 --> 00:30:52,880 The illustration was previously suspected to be a boysenberry production, but from a lost manuscript. 197 00:30:52,880 --> 00:31:01,820 Notice the traces of mutilation in the margins of this double page. 198 00:31:01,820 --> 00:31:12,320 After the Prince Frontispiece illustration in the no dam, now we see an illuminated ex-Labour is seen here. 199 00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:20,990 Descriptions, it state that the manuscript was produced. The commander of Prince questioned her and was dedicated to his library. 200 00:31:20,990 --> 00:31:24,580 I argued that Straayer likes to carry a load them. 201 00:31:24,580 --> 00:31:32,270 They would have contained a double page, illuminated ex-Labour with the prince's name on it, 202 00:31:32,270 --> 00:31:44,540 and I believe I have located that also and its exist as two folios in the Chesapeake library. 203 00:31:44,540 --> 00:31:57,630 These two full years, and they were long considered to have been part of a lost manuscript of Arabic proverbs and sayings. 204 00:31:57,630 --> 00:32:04,650 That's how it all was based on the translation of the inscription of this ex-Labour. 205 00:32:04,650 --> 00:32:13,890 But actually, the inscription explains that these rare gems were collected, transcribed and illustrated on the command of Prince by sword. 206 00:32:13,890 --> 00:32:21,030 The text of this ex-Labour is emphasises the value and rarity of the treatises. 207 00:32:21,030 --> 00:32:30,090 I still, some mentioned that only the only bracingly manuscript with this particular design of ex-Labour are these two manuscripts. 208 00:32:30,090 --> 00:32:42,230 The rest are you and the name. The other ones there, the ex-Labour is within a round medallion. 209 00:32:42,230 --> 00:32:51,200 So to conclude, we are now in the position of being able to reconstruct the original manuscript digitally. 210 00:32:51,200 --> 00:33:00,950 But before that, let's consider when the mutilation of this beautiful manuscript happened. 211 00:33:00,950 --> 00:33:11,000 So as I said, Bernard Berenson purchased his manuscript in Paris in October 1910 from an art dealer with a pseudonym, 212 00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:22,610 Clode Any the studio album containing for some says purchase was purchased into in 2009 in Christie's, 213 00:33:22,610 --> 00:33:30,140 and the previous owner of that album was known as Jack Sarkozy or Jaafar Jaafar Zodiac RC, 214 00:33:30,140 --> 00:33:37,100 who died in 2007, and he was a very well known book dealer and collector. 215 00:33:37,100 --> 00:33:49,400 And after his death, his collection was scattered. And now we see one part of it appears in their auctions every season. 216 00:33:49,400 --> 00:34:01,430 Actually, this season in April, there will be a divan of office by Mahmoud Paper Daily increases auction from his collection. 217 00:34:01,430 --> 00:34:06,990 But he had very likely purchased the album in Istanbul. 218 00:34:06,990 --> 00:34:20,490 The exact date the illuminated X was acquired by Sir Alfred Sabeti is not known, but it is documented to be as in the collection in 1938. 219 00:34:20,490 --> 00:34:27,600 But there is a possibility that it might have been purchased in the late 1920s. 220 00:34:27,600 --> 00:34:39,720 The detached double page illustration. Now in the Sackler Gallery of Art was acquired by Frederick Martin in 1912, 221 00:34:39,720 --> 00:34:47,310 and his short space of time to folios were passed from Martin to several other art dealers. 222 00:34:47,310 --> 00:34:54,060 At some point, they were travelling separately. I mean, each folio. 223 00:34:54,060 --> 00:34:58,800 It is not known when and where the mutilation of the manuscript took place, 224 00:34:58,800 --> 00:35:07,890 but they Sackler double page illustration has a note and a reverse with the date 1867. 225 00:35:07,890 --> 00:35:22,140 Based on this date, we can say probably it happened at this time or before, since the binding is Ottoman. 226 00:35:22,140 --> 00:35:27,840 There is a strong possibility that the manuscript was mutilated in Turkey, 227 00:35:27,840 --> 00:35:35,310 and we have other examples of manuscripts that were butchered the same way and carved up whether 228 00:35:35,310 --> 00:35:46,720 some says and they were used to compile albums for Western or European collectors and art lovers. 229 00:35:46,720 --> 00:35:56,640 This is another burst of water sensor that is found in the Dates albums, which was also compiled in Istanbul. 230 00:35:56,640 --> 00:36:02,920 Although three of the rest are you, Sam says, have not yet been identified. 231 00:36:02,920 --> 00:36:11,140 And I hope that they appear at some point, either in an album or in a collection. 232 00:36:11,140 --> 00:36:25,030 It is now possible to gather together the dispersed folios and portfolios and to reconstruct the original manuscript either digitally or in print. 233 00:36:25,030 --> 00:36:42,810 And thus, we can come close to seeing what was offered to print on board in 14 27. 234 00:36:42,810 --> 00:36:52,700 I want to show you the reconstruction of the manuscript now that I. 235 00:36:52,700 --> 00:37:01,070 Managed to have with the help of my dear friend, Mr Tracy. 236 00:37:01,070 --> 00:37:14,530 Thank you. So this is a reconstruction of the manuscript that I made, but it is not entirely as it is at the moment. 237 00:37:14,530 --> 00:37:20,350 So I told you that it has in 19th century Ottoman binding with a velvet top. 238 00:37:20,350 --> 00:37:24,610 But I replaced that with a typical boysenberry binding. 239 00:37:24,610 --> 00:37:40,010 This is a binding for another manuscript of the Chester Beatty Library, which is called Nassau U.s.-canada and was produced in 14 29. 240 00:37:40,010 --> 00:37:53,510 If we open the manuscript, we see that a double or inside cover is also replaced by a an original by somebody to. 241 00:37:53,510 --> 00:38:00,830 Now it has a marble paper, but we are looking at the manuscript as a prince would have looked at. 242 00:38:00,830 --> 00:38:09,200 There's something very interesting. Whoever took out the stamp says, write down the name of the treatises here. 243 00:38:09,200 --> 00:38:18,770 And this is probably another reason for me to think that they were not Persian because they couldn't read the title of each treatise correctly. 244 00:38:18,770 --> 00:38:31,440 Two of them have minor errors. And it opens with a secular gallery, double page illustration. 245 00:38:31,440 --> 00:38:45,160 And did you submit a library double page illumination with the name of by were mentioned and this page horribly, we can't see it closely. 246 00:38:45,160 --> 00:38:57,430 Oh, it is actually here, my hon. 247 00:38:57,430 --> 00:39:05,590 And this is one of the sham says that is not found yet, and I replaced it with another sham set up by some manuscripts. 248 00:39:05,590 --> 00:39:12,730 It must have been something look like that. This is the preface to the first two. 249 00:39:12,730 --> 00:39:28,400 And as you see, it, has this beautiful illumination. And we go on with the first three days with an illuminated heading. 250 00:39:28,400 --> 00:39:33,830 And these are intra textual eliminations that I talked about. 251 00:39:33,830 --> 00:39:44,070 You can see them throughout the manuscript. The second theory is also has lost a sound. 252 00:39:44,070 --> 00:39:54,600 Some say it is a another sham Superman by some very many groups giving the title to an RCMP or lover's delight. 253 00:39:54,600 --> 00:40:02,160 It opens with another beautiful illumination with the typical arabesque and wine 254 00:40:02,160 --> 00:40:13,830 motifs of bison were library with lots of what we call them Chalamet's arabesque. 255 00:40:13,830 --> 00:40:22,170 And this is the longest three days of the manuscript, and it has five illustrations. 256 00:40:22,170 --> 00:40:47,830 Some of them are hunting scenes. Again, this way, unfortunately, the face of the prince has been defaced in these two illustrations. 257 00:40:47,830 --> 00:41:01,300 And this is a an illustration of much noon and a messenger. 258 00:41:01,300 --> 00:41:10,280 We looked at a lover below the window of the beloved and. 259 00:41:10,280 --> 00:41:23,930 Again, in this series, illuminations within the text. And as we saw this image before, this is Prince by singer himself, 260 00:41:23,930 --> 00:41:30,890 and he probably very much looked like this portrait because we have this portrait repeated in other manuscripts, 261 00:41:30,890 --> 00:41:34,490 and we know for sure that he looked like this. 262 00:41:34,490 --> 00:41:44,150 This is really interesting because it also has an illustration of a falcon, and it shows the love of falconry of the prince. 263 00:41:44,150 --> 00:41:51,410 And for those of you don't know, by word means master falcons. 264 00:41:51,410 --> 00:42:01,160 It wasn't his real name, it was his title, somehow. 265 00:42:01,160 --> 00:42:15,720 This is the third replaced, I would say, something by myself, so it is not one of those cells that we found and. 266 00:42:15,720 --> 00:42:21,750 Here you see signs of mutilations all over this folio at the top, for example, 267 00:42:21,750 --> 00:42:29,370 you just look at this line and signs of splitting the paper or what is very important and 268 00:42:29,370 --> 00:42:36,900 interesting about this is that the rest of the text here was on the reverse of this folio. 269 00:42:36,900 --> 00:42:46,820 They cut that bit pasted here so that they could split the folio and paste it to the next one. 270 00:42:46,820 --> 00:42:53,000 This is one of the chances for Mrs to their collection. 271 00:42:53,000 --> 00:43:13,770 And it is saying this is a treatise of the harp. 272 00:43:13,770 --> 00:43:23,280 You can see how the folios were loose in the gutter, and they used tapes to put them in place. 273 00:43:23,280 --> 00:43:33,130 Another say from Mr Saudaveis Collection. This is Resolve Rabie or Treatise of Spring. 274 00:43:33,130 --> 00:43:41,140 And again, Prince Spencer is very busy drinking wine, having fun with the musicians, 275 00:43:41,140 --> 00:43:51,590 playing hard and probably something very delicious is being prepared. 276 00:43:51,590 --> 00:43:56,540 And this is the duties of backgammon and chess. 277 00:43:56,540 --> 00:44:02,390 And before I showed you the imprint on the other folio, but we didn't have the same set, 278 00:44:02,390 --> 00:44:18,920 but now we have the Shamsa on this side and we can see it in print again the other side. 279 00:44:18,920 --> 00:44:29,150 The illustrations are backgammon and chess. And the final treatise is the result, etc. It's a year to treat yourself to lamb. 280 00:44:29,150 --> 00:44:41,420 And this is from Mr Pseudovirus Collection. And. 281 00:44:41,420 --> 00:44:53,250 Another salvo in the rest of the text until we get to the cornerstone of the work and we see the name of the scribe Mohammad Hassan, 282 00:44:53,250 --> 00:45:07,040 known as Shamsi Soltani, the royal scribe. And as I mentioned, the C-love visit comes at the back of the manuscript. 283 00:45:07,040 --> 00:45:13,460 Another boysenberry deplore. And that is the ends of the manuscript. 284 00:45:13,460 --> 00:45:25,525 Thank you very much for your attention. I would be happy to take questions.