1 00:00:00,390 --> 00:00:09,030 Thank you, sir. I'm going to moderate panel two, which is on the subject of women in peacekeeping and peace building. 2 00:00:09,030 --> 00:00:19,260 And we're lucky to have two because bringing together academic research, practical experience. 3 00:00:19,260 --> 00:00:23,610 Our first speaker is Dr. Souad Moossa. 4 00:00:23,610 --> 00:00:37,500 She is the author of a recent prize-winning book called Hawks and Doves in Sudan's Armed Conflict about the outcome at a Ghara Women of Darfur, 5 00:00:37,500 --> 00:00:44,340 which was published in 2018 and received the IDU Snyder PRISE in 2019. 6 00:00:44,340 --> 00:00:54,900 Dr. Suad, my staff has worked for civil society organisations and international NGOs in Sudan, the Horn of Africa and also the U.K., 7 00:00:54,900 --> 00:01:02,970 I believe, and has also worked as a assistant professor of sociology at Tufts University, amongst other experience. 8 00:01:02,970 --> 00:01:10,080 Thank you very much. And hello, everybody. And I'm really glad to see you here. 9 00:01:10,080 --> 00:01:14,220 Don't exist. Important conference and title set. 10 00:01:14,220 --> 00:01:25,830 Can I just add that, you know, making it really a decent guy and I'm going to share with you my presentation. 11 00:01:25,830 --> 00:01:45,080 And so that they said, well, I can share an. 12 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:54,660 Can you see the screen? Yes, I think we can see the screen if you can press the project button as well. 13 00:01:54,660 --> 00:02:01,750 But otherwise we can see the sides. Yes. That's one. 14 00:02:01,750 --> 00:02:06,200 I'm not sure about Miles. That's OK. 15 00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:18,890 The main side can still be seeing, I believe. So I'm going to stop the slide show. 16 00:02:18,890 --> 00:02:33,080 It's okay. So I come from Sudan again, Ali and I live in the U.K. and, you know, 17 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:40,310 I've been really I come from Darfur, which is the area overwhelmed by conflict since 2002. 18 00:02:40,310 --> 00:02:45,400 So I'm also an activist in peace and gender issues. 19 00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:53,210 And when we look at the United Nations Security Council resolution 16 25 June. 20 00:02:53,210 --> 00:02:59,630 I always ask about the relevance of oppositionism. You, champ, is a complex of women in Sudan. 21 00:02:59,630 --> 00:03:07,430 And what does experience what we can gain from this situation of women in Sudan? 22 00:03:07,430 --> 00:03:15,890 We know that Sudan has been overwhelmed by conflict, profoundly conflict for over 40 years. 23 00:03:15,890 --> 00:03:22,580 And Sigurd was the one that led to the split of Sudan into South Sudan. 24 00:03:22,580 --> 00:03:26,840 And, you know, and this understands in North Sudan. 25 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:35,450 So we've got now two countries and still we have civil wars as a civil war going on and so on, 26 00:03:35,450 --> 00:03:44,720 which is really brutal was the one that we experienced in that war and that also civil wars and so, so south. 27 00:03:44,720 --> 00:03:54,650 Now, South Sudan is the most so that a state which she's in Obamaland, Gaza sounds qualified and also is an aesthetic, you know, everywhere. 28 00:03:54,650 --> 00:04:00,070 Now we see conflicts have been subsiding. As a result, those are political changes. 29 00:04:00,070 --> 00:04:12,230 That is at the heart. And we'll have some experience in that in in Sudan, which led to the toppling of the regime of Bashir to do so. 30 00:04:12,230 --> 00:04:15,710 So that is taken out of context of that. 31 00:04:15,710 --> 00:04:26,600 And was that context then we look at the consequences on woman and yes, the consequences of, you know, on a whole community. 32 00:04:26,600 --> 00:04:30,500 But one woman is really very bitter and is very aggressive. 33 00:04:30,500 --> 00:04:41,780 So we feel look at this picture and you see that this is the situation that all the villages and people's houses get bent and no woman. 34 00:04:41,780 --> 00:04:46,940 They become just, you know, displaced. So women displaced everywhere. 35 00:04:46,940 --> 00:04:58,310 And in NZ live in camps. And, you know, if you look at Descamps in we can't come later and see look as it is unusual as it cancels, it is a. 36 00:04:58,310 --> 00:05:03,530 If they are really, you know, apply to you this situation or for me, 37 00:05:03,530 --> 00:05:11,040 because this is really is a current situation and therefore I'm just has been there for the last 20 years. 38 00:05:11,040 --> 00:05:18,020 And again, one of the impacts of women is survivors of gender based violence and rape. 39 00:05:18,020 --> 00:05:34,430 And we have, you know, like this picture, which shows that this you know, this is one of the cases that has been experienced in 2010 14 in my city. 40 00:05:34,430 --> 00:05:40,220 And and rape, sexual violence is still continuing in in. 41 00:05:40,220 --> 00:05:47,900 Therefore, not only in Darfur, but in other areas in the conflict zones. 42 00:05:47,900 --> 00:05:54,690 You know, the situation also as a result of conflict is sort of institution of people 43 00:05:54,690 --> 00:06:02,700 in it is poverty and that and men will suffer from distribution of poverty. 44 00:06:02,700 --> 00:06:10,800 Woman Because men go to watch the fighting and leave, they leave for women behind to take care of their families. 45 00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:20,270 So they have to go on to deal with them as they can. And, you know, this is a kind of jobs that they do without any kind of support. 46 00:06:20,270 --> 00:06:27,680 This woman, she's making tea and picking the is one selling tea is one of the, you know, 47 00:06:27,680 --> 00:06:35,570 men activity that of that those women who profit on conflict zones, Zain ventured into. 48 00:06:35,570 --> 00:06:40,880 But also that is and also create what somehow is a problem. 49 00:06:40,880 --> 00:06:49,070 So this is about as a woman in conflict zones. But what if we look at the little women is a whole country? 50 00:06:49,070 --> 00:06:53,440 It is not. Also, situation is not better than it was. 51 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:58,940 It's not much better than a woman in conflict zones because we had sense that this 52 00:06:58,940 --> 00:07:03,620 kind of institutional violence and it's that institution of violence is exercised. 53 00:07:03,620 --> 00:07:12,500 That was of what the School of Public Law and Untilled used in 1992 until twenty twenty. 54 00:07:12,500 --> 00:07:16,940 So women suppose you know that low rates do women get arrested? 55 00:07:16,940 --> 00:07:23,150 Is a first for those jobs. There is some discrimination there. It is kind of harassment and. 56 00:07:23,150 --> 00:07:36,760 So, you know, all kind of accumulation and violation of what life, so floodlights and out to look at you and you know, there's a utian. 57 00:07:36,760 --> 00:07:45,500 And then we Osieck, which is sad because it is about ensuring that women and girls are, you know, integrated, enthusiastic, 58 00:07:45,500 --> 00:07:56,050 that it is absolutely protected and that they have access, you know, to find, you know, a you know, indicate a support forms of government. 59 00:07:56,050 --> 00:08:08,110 So that is which. Because all the indications show is that the situation in Sudan is fairly irrelevant to the tenants of. 60 00:08:08,110 --> 00:08:13,360 So there's a new shows out of this. Something that we need to do about. 61 00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:16,780 About Zsa Zsa Zsa Zsa. You know, about this woman. 62 00:08:16,780 --> 00:08:21,430 About making a while. Delivering this thing that seemed to reality. 63 00:08:21,430 --> 00:08:26,860 So when we look at the participation of women in the decision making, in the peace negotiations, 64 00:08:26,860 --> 00:08:35,440 in peace operations in was up as integrated things of political decision making as the last 20 years. 65 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:43,850 So, yes, yes, it is very minimal. And to have an effective presence, yes, some of them are. 66 00:08:43,850 --> 00:08:52,990 But their presence, Ashmont, is not effective. So the answer is that it if it both was empty and fills in kind of decisions. 67 00:08:52,990 --> 00:08:59,400 Also, it is a woman's needs wondered what does a peaceful reconciliation of peacebuilding. 68 00:08:59,400 --> 00:09:04,490 It's just like what has been Gustav. But isn't it about what this meant? 69 00:09:04,490 --> 00:09:11,950 And in Sudan, we have different kinds of mechanisms of conflict resolution. 70 00:09:11,950 --> 00:09:18,070 We have local mechanisms. And to have, you know, regional negotiations. 71 00:09:18,070 --> 00:09:24,440 You have national negotiations. And in all of these forums for peace. 72 00:09:24,440 --> 00:09:30,630 For reconciliation. Well, those are some bars. I don't know the atmosphere. 73 00:09:30,630 --> 00:09:40,350 Sometimes whenever. And in there in the national forums will an atmosphere at all. 74 00:09:40,350 --> 00:09:45,850 And the reason for it is they go. 75 00:09:45,850 --> 00:09:53,200 They go as if they have access to participate. But it's not a meaningful it's just like window dressing. 76 00:09:53,200 --> 00:09:58,750 So that's why women's netsch have not been addressed. 77 00:09:58,750 --> 00:10:04,750 And still they suffer from all the consequences of the war. 78 00:10:04,750 --> 00:10:13,550 We have peacekeeping, which is it, a united nation high, but it forces of the United Nations and African mission. 79 00:10:13,550 --> 00:10:21,710 And therefore, since 2007. But still, the situation is not very small. 80 00:10:21,710 --> 00:10:31,660 Not much improvement when the situation was regards to the security and is to regard to the prevention of violence against women and to women, 81 00:10:31,660 --> 00:10:38,440 local women who are really affected. I'm not involved in that in these initiatives. 82 00:10:38,440 --> 00:10:52,430 And when we look at the peace building and look at peace building mechanisms in Sudan and in Darfur, people say a social social optimisation, 83 00:10:52,430 --> 00:11:01,120 the structures and what these structures, the governments use these structures to mobilise for war atrocities, I think, on world peace. 84 00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:08,930 And this is about, you know, this is what I discussed in a book of our talks. 85 00:11:08,930 --> 00:11:13,630 I'm not saying Sudan's I'm confident if we look at this picture, said this Axle's woman, 86 00:11:13,630 --> 00:11:19,990 who will have come forward with women and they have a peace voice as well as warm voice. 87 00:11:19,990 --> 00:11:23,320 So they come inside to a war as if not all support for peace, 88 00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:31,020 but Zadow in that they are influenced by the governments, you know, just realise for war. 89 00:11:31,020 --> 00:11:37,960 And if we see now if the people win over those women, they will as in those people, you know, 90 00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:46,120 and the young men that accompanied by young men and, you know, Destil and Consolidated. 91 00:11:46,120 --> 00:11:55,450 There is a negative voice of war and the protection is still thousands of years. 92 00:11:55,450 --> 00:12:01,040 Cells and women and as little as five years old. 93 00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:13,420 The ad is still attack and and, you know, violence and rape, sexual abuse, Raila's additive has become a war strategy. 94 00:12:13,420 --> 00:12:20,980 So it's become well, we found offloads that this used in Darfur and, you know, thousands of source female affected. 95 00:12:20,980 --> 00:12:25,010 And there hasn't been any kind of. And nothing on legal. 96 00:12:25,010 --> 00:12:31,160 It's nothing of national of laws that address their needs and that. 97 00:12:31,160 --> 00:12:43,190 And nobody has been truly prosecuted because he was accused of not taking any kind of sexual violence. 98 00:12:43,190 --> 00:12:48,500 So that is, of course, women to suffer from mental health problems. 99 00:12:48,500 --> 00:12:54,410 And when it comes to relief and recovery, my job is also getting the savvy in that, 100 00:12:54,410 --> 00:13:01,940 you know, it is minimised, has been minimised as a result, you know, of. 101 00:13:01,940 --> 00:13:06,470 And you also working Zayer as you become less sure of that. 102 00:13:06,470 --> 00:13:13,250 This when I was an international criminal court, indicted al-Bashir in 2009. 103 00:13:13,250 --> 00:13:21,600 And there was, you know, really deep determination that Newsham against the communities and woman, he was the one who suffered. 104 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:29,460 So most of this retaliation. And this is here it comes of concern about whenever doing this opines, you know, 105 00:13:29,460 --> 00:13:39,290 indictment or any measures that combines these law institutions and has to be look at that and we'll see that what these implications. 106 00:13:39,290 --> 00:13:42,780 One woman is also present. Yes. 107 00:13:42,780 --> 00:13:48,170 The, you know, introduce the law or she takes the action. 108 00:13:48,170 --> 00:13:51,770 And, you know, not considering the gender aspects of it. 109 00:13:51,770 --> 00:13:56,760 So fifteen of the organisations which as a result of this indictment, 110 00:13:56,760 --> 00:14:05,300 were expelled from Sudan and created that kind of gap in the humanitarian needs of women. 111 00:14:05,300 --> 00:14:13,600 So all these problems in Sudan has led to the toppling of a game and sort of equalises evolution and uprise. 112 00:14:13,600 --> 00:14:23,240 And this group just we can see that how women were really suffering and how women were really desperate to the change of it game. 113 00:14:23,240 --> 00:14:26,980 And that is that, you know, or women from different areas of Sudan. 114 00:14:26,980 --> 00:14:33,640 Come on. And they took part in this revolution. 115 00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:39,790 And that we have could have been, you know, kind of a new context and very promising for the woman. 116 00:14:39,790 --> 00:14:48,050 You've got that transition of government and started addressing women's needs after and their political participation. 117 00:14:48,050 --> 00:14:54,340 And also they have rights. And now women become represented at the highest elephants loss of government. 118 00:14:54,340 --> 00:15:00,380 And even we have that over. The judiciary is a woman, which is the first time in the history of Sudan. 119 00:15:00,380 --> 00:15:06,860 Also, we have a foreign minister, a woman which is all sorts of head of to them, 120 00:15:06,860 --> 00:15:14,250 and that the peace negotiations are going in Juba, the south of the role of seeing that in Darfur and also in desert. 121 00:15:14,250 --> 00:15:22,470 The there was a country and woman would come about. You know, these negotiations, but it's smoke also those aspirations, because, I mean, 122 00:15:22,470 --> 00:15:29,010 Bush Yetta's, they are amongst those who can, you know, influence just the decisions. 123 00:15:29,010 --> 00:15:36,320 And as a result of, you know, you said, you know, with was nation by my previous colleague. 124 00:15:36,320 --> 00:15:43,090 So that also one owes a significant yet in some context here is that. 125 00:15:43,090 --> 00:15:50,120 Female genital mutilation has been banned. And also, the public over the law has been banned and which it is. 126 00:15:50,120 --> 00:15:55,790 And then it has this has reflected positively in reducing gender based violence. 127 00:15:55,790 --> 00:16:00,440 But how to achieve justice for women in the conflict zone again? 128 00:16:00,440 --> 00:16:08,970 Is this what we are looking for? What to see to see, you know, a kind of institutions that help women? 129 00:16:08,970 --> 00:16:10,490 Do you know? 130 00:16:10,490 --> 00:16:23,030 And then also, you know, neall institutions, new laws that fit a resolution as you seem to want to fight, and other solutions, especially the CEDO. 131 00:16:23,030 --> 00:16:29,060 And because Sudan was not subjected by the government and now women are demanding that, 132 00:16:29,060 --> 00:16:33,380 you know, do we have to be endorsed and also to be incorporated. 133 00:16:33,380 --> 00:16:39,530 So we are waiting now to see action forms of government that incorporates it. 134 00:16:39,530 --> 00:16:44,570 And what I can argue here is that that there's this in all U.N. resolutions, 135 00:16:44,570 --> 00:16:50,240 and as the cannot work in separate, they can look within isolation from each other. 136 00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:55,460 So we cannot just sit out and say that governments reject Sudan and insist. 137 00:16:55,460 --> 00:17:02,060 Yes, I can't commit myself to a solution to want to fight. 138 00:17:02,060 --> 00:17:06,560 They are integrated and it should be applied together. 139 00:17:06,560 --> 00:17:14,820 As for the relief and the recovery as a transition, transitional justice to come now, we are waiting for this answer. 140 00:17:14,820 --> 00:17:22,050 You know, this is New Tanguis, because the transitional and this has just been Fox News like a year or a year ago. 141 00:17:22,050 --> 00:17:32,140 And then. There is still a long ways to come, but that it's gone missing as it is some development in Sudan is that in January and Favorita, 142 00:17:32,140 --> 00:17:36,910 what is the prime minister requested from the United Nations Security Council to 143 00:17:36,910 --> 00:17:41,960 establish a political mission and just off the wool stores to assist assistance, 144 00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:48,590 a peace process. So that and also to help ease the economic crisis in Sudan and also to also, 145 00:17:48,590 --> 00:17:54,770 you know, help in getting Zoglin for a Democratic state to be upfront and thank you. 146 00:17:54,770 --> 00:18:05,910 That's what I've got to say. And thank you for listening. Thank you very, very much, sir, for an excellent presentation.