Thank you, sir. I'm going to moderate panel two, which is on the subject of women in peacekeeping and peace building.
And we're lucky to have two because bringing together academic research, practical experience.
Our first speaker is Dr. Souad Moossa.
She is the author of a recent prize-winning book called Hawks and Doves in Sudan's Armed Conflict about the outcome at a Ghara Women of Darfur,
which was published in 2018 and received the IDU Snyder PRISE in 2019.
Dr. Suad, my staff has worked for civil society organisations and international NGOs in Sudan, the Horn of Africa and also the U.K.,
I believe, and has also worked as a assistant professor of sociology at Tufts University, amongst other experience.
Thank you very much. And hello, everybody. And I'm really glad to see you here.
Don't exist. Important conference and title set.
Can I just add that, you know, making it really a decent guy and I'm going to share with you my presentation.
And so that they said, well, I can share an.
Can you see the screen? Yes, I think we can see the screen if you can press the project button as well.
But otherwise we can see the sides. Yes. That's one.
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The main side can still be seeing, I believe. So I'm going to stop the slide show.
It's okay. So I come from Sudan again, Ali and I live in the U.K. and, you know,
I've been really I come from Darfur, which is the area overwhelmed by conflict since 2002.
So I'm also an activist in peace and gender issues.
And when we look at the United Nations Security Council resolution 16 25 June.
I always ask about the relevance of oppositionism. You, champ, is a complex of women in Sudan.
And what does experience what we can gain from this situation of women in Sudan?
We know that Sudan has been overwhelmed by conflict, profoundly conflict for over 40 years.
And Sigurd was the one that led to the split of Sudan into South Sudan.
And, you know, and this understands in North Sudan.
So we've got now two countries and still we have civil wars as a civil war going on and so on,
which is really brutal was the one that we experienced in that war and that also civil wars and so, so south.
Now, South Sudan is the most so that a state which she's in Obamaland, Gaza sounds qualified and also is an aesthetic, you know, everywhere.
Now we see conflicts have been subsiding. As a result, those are political changes.
That is at the heart. And we'll have some experience in that in in Sudan, which led to the toppling of the regime of Bashir to do so.
So that is taken out of context of that.
And was that context then we look at the consequences on woman and yes, the consequences of, you know, on a whole community.
But one woman is really very bitter and is very aggressive.
So we feel look at this picture and you see that this is the situation that all the villages and people's houses get bent and no woman.
They become just, you know, displaced. So women displaced everywhere.
And in NZ live in camps. And, you know, if you look at Descamps in we can't come later and see look as it is unusual as it cancels, it is a.
If they are really, you know, apply to you this situation or for me,
because this is really is a current situation and therefore I'm just has been there for the last 20 years.
And again, one of the impacts of women is survivors of gender based violence and rape.
And we have, you know, like this picture, which shows that this you know, this is one of the cases that has been experienced in 2010 14 in my city.
And and rape, sexual violence is still continuing in in.
Therefore, not only in Darfur, but in other areas in the conflict zones.
You know, the situation also as a result of conflict is sort of institution of people
in it is poverty and that and men will suffer from distribution of poverty.
Woman Because men go to watch the fighting and leave, they leave for women behind to take care of their families.
So they have to go on to deal with them as they can. And, you know, this is a kind of jobs that they do without any kind of support.
This woman, she's making tea and picking the is one selling tea is one of the, you know,
men activity that of that those women who profit on conflict zones, Zain ventured into.
But also that is and also create what somehow is a problem.
So this is about as a woman in conflict zones. But what if we look at the little women is a whole country?
It is not. Also, situation is not better than it was.
It's not much better than a woman in conflict zones because we had sense that this
kind of institutional violence and it's that institution of violence is exercised.
That was of what the School of Public Law and Untilled used in 1992 until twenty twenty.
So women suppose you know that low rates do women get arrested?
Is a first for those jobs. There is some discrimination there. It is kind of harassment and.
So, you know, all kind of accumulation and violation of what life, so floodlights and out to look at you and you know, there's a utian.
And then we Osieck, which is sad because it is about ensuring that women and girls are, you know, integrated, enthusiastic,
that it is absolutely protected and that they have access, you know, to find, you know, a you know, indicate a support forms of government.
So that is which. Because all the indications show is that the situation in Sudan is fairly irrelevant to the tenants of.
So there's a new shows out of this. Something that we need to do about.
About Zsa Zsa Zsa Zsa. You know, about this woman.
About making a while. Delivering this thing that seemed to reality.
So when we look at the participation of women in the decision making, in the peace negotiations,
in peace operations in was up as integrated things of political decision making as the last 20 years.
So, yes, yes, it is very minimal. And to have an effective presence, yes, some of them are.
But their presence, Ashmont, is not effective. So the answer is that it if it both was empty and fills in kind of decisions.
Also, it is a woman's needs wondered what does a peaceful reconciliation of peacebuilding.
It's just like what has been Gustav. But isn't it about what this meant?
And in Sudan, we have different kinds of mechanisms of conflict resolution.
We have local mechanisms. And to have, you know, regional negotiations.
You have national negotiations. And in all of these forums for peace.
For reconciliation. Well, those are some bars. I don't know the atmosphere.
Sometimes whenever. And in there in the national forums will an atmosphere at all.
And the reason for it is they go.
They go as if they have access to participate. But it's not a meaningful it's just like window dressing.
So that's why women's netsch have not been addressed.
And still they suffer from all the consequences of the war.
We have peacekeeping, which is it, a united nation high, but it forces of the United Nations and African mission.
And therefore, since 2007. But still, the situation is not very small.
Not much improvement when the situation was regards to the security and is to regard to the prevention of violence against women and to women,
local women who are really affected. I'm not involved in that in these initiatives.
And when we look at the peace building and look at peace building mechanisms in Sudan and in Darfur, people say a social social optimisation,
the structures and what these structures, the governments use these structures to mobilise for war atrocities, I think, on world peace.
And this is about, you know, this is what I discussed in a book of our talks.
I'm not saying Sudan's I'm confident if we look at this picture, said this Axle's woman,
who will have come forward with women and they have a peace voice as well as warm voice.
So they come inside to a war as if not all support for peace,
but Zadow in that they are influenced by the governments, you know, just realise for war.
And if we see now if the people win over those women, they will as in those people, you know,
and the young men that accompanied by young men and, you know, Destil and Consolidated.
There is a negative voice of war and the protection is still thousands of years.
Cells and women and as little as five years old.
The ad is still attack and and, you know, violence and rape, sexual abuse, Raila's additive has become a war strategy.
So it's become well, we found offloads that this used in Darfur and, you know, thousands of source female affected.
And there hasn't been any kind of. And nothing on legal.
It's nothing of national of laws that address their needs and that.
And nobody has been truly prosecuted because he was accused of not taking any kind of sexual violence.
So that is, of course, women to suffer from mental health problems.
And when it comes to relief and recovery, my job is also getting the savvy in that,
you know, it is minimised, has been minimised as a result, you know, of.
And you also working Zayer as you become less sure of that.
This when I was an international criminal court, indicted al-Bashir in 2009.
And there was, you know, really deep determination that Newsham against the communities and woman, he was the one who suffered.
So most of this retaliation. And this is here it comes of concern about whenever doing this opines, you know,
indictment or any measures that combines these law institutions and has to be look at that and we'll see that what these implications.
One woman is also present. Yes.
The, you know, introduce the law or she takes the action.
And, you know, not considering the gender aspects of it.
So fifteen of the organisations which as a result of this indictment,
were expelled from Sudan and created that kind of gap in the humanitarian needs of women.
So all these problems in Sudan has led to the toppling of a game and sort of equalises evolution and uprise.
And this group just we can see that how women were really suffering and how women were really desperate to the change of it game.
And that is that, you know, or women from different areas of Sudan.
Come on. And they took part in this revolution.
And that we have could have been, you know, kind of a new context and very promising for the woman.
You've got that transition of government and started addressing women's needs after and their political participation.
And also they have rights. And now women become represented at the highest elephants loss of government.
And even we have that over. The judiciary is a woman, which is the first time in the history of Sudan.
Also, we have a foreign minister, a woman which is all sorts of head of to them,
and that the peace negotiations are going in Juba, the south of the role of seeing that in Darfur and also in desert.
The there was a country and woman would come about. You know, these negotiations, but it's smoke also those aspirations, because, I mean,
Bush Yetta's, they are amongst those who can, you know, influence just the decisions.
And as a result of, you know, you said, you know, with was nation by my previous colleague.
So that also one owes a significant yet in some context here is that.
Female genital mutilation has been banned. And also, the public over the law has been banned and which it is.
And then it has this has reflected positively in reducing gender based violence.
But how to achieve justice for women in the conflict zone again?
Is this what we are looking for? What to see to see, you know, a kind of institutions that help women?
Do you know?
And then also, you know, neall institutions, new laws that fit a resolution as you seem to want to fight, and other solutions, especially the CEDO.
And because Sudan was not subjected by the government and now women are demanding that,
you know, do we have to be endorsed and also to be incorporated.
So we are waiting now to see action forms of government that incorporates it.
And what I can argue here is that that there's this in all U.N. resolutions,
and as the cannot work in separate, they can look within isolation from each other.
So we cannot just sit out and say that governments reject Sudan and insist.
Yes, I can't commit myself to a solution to want to fight.
They are integrated and it should be applied together.
As for the relief and the recovery as a transition, transitional justice to come now, we are waiting for this answer.
You know, this is New Tanguis, because the transitional and this has just been Fox News like a year or a year ago.
And then. There is still a long ways to come, but that it's gone missing as it is some development in Sudan is that in January and Favorita,
what is the prime minister requested from the United Nations Security Council to
establish a political mission and just off the wool stores to assist assistance,
a peace process. So that and also to help ease the economic crisis in Sudan and also to also,
you know, help in getting Zoglin for a Democratic state to be upfront and thank you.
That's what I've got to say. And thank you for listening. Thank you very, very much, sir, for an excellent presentation.