1 00:00:03,330 --> 00:00:14,310 Of Afrox funding. And as a result of postponing his time with us. 2 00:00:14,310 --> 00:00:20,880 What we've decided it is both with Fred and and with other visiting fellows is to try 3 00:00:20,880 --> 00:00:27,600 and involve them as much as we can in our programme of activities through the year. 4 00:00:27,600 --> 00:00:42,240 And so the flip side of the of the the pandemic is the ability to use the technology to linking it to departments across the continent. 5 00:00:42,240 --> 00:00:51,000 And so, rather ambitiously, we are directly connecting to consumer, to the university of the same manner. 6 00:00:51,000 --> 00:01:02,490 And to the Department of Sociology and Anthropology. And so it's a very great pleasure to welcome Freddy Candar to a seminar. 7 00:01:02,490 --> 00:01:08,010 He's a social anthropologist and he's on the editorial board of Africa. 8 00:01:08,010 --> 00:01:21,480 He trained at Cambridge and he works on a whole range of issues around bureaucracy and kinship, dispute resolution, religion, gender. 9 00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:32,930 And this all kind of comes out of a doctoral thesis focussing on humanitarianism, refugees in northern and northeastern Kenya, 10 00:01:32,930 --> 00:01:41,250 and particularly on the role of kinship in maintaining and reproducing the structures within a refugee camp. 11 00:01:41,250 --> 00:01:49,680 And so, without further ado, and with all our fingers and toes crossed, that the connexion holds up. 12 00:01:49,680 --> 00:01:55,650 It's a great pleasure to to welcome Fred to this seminar and to introduce his paper, 13 00:01:55,650 --> 00:02:02,020 Somali Kinship on Bureaucratic Governance at the gala refugee camp in Kenya. 14 00:02:02,020 --> 00:02:24,280 Fred Otey. Fred, either. 15 00:02:24,280 --> 00:02:33,660 Connection's been holding up for a whole half an hour until then. 16 00:02:33,660 --> 00:02:42,990 We'll try to connect. We do have a backup plan, which is actually to play a recording of his talk. 17 00:02:42,990 --> 00:03:16,260 Right. Are you there? Fred, if you're there, do you know that your muted. 18 00:03:16,260 --> 00:03:29,080 All right. Brenda, if a friend's connexion had completely gone. 19 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:39,700 Would we still see him? I mean, would we still see his icon? I think if he had completely gone, he would have, like, been kicked out of the session. 20 00:03:39,700 --> 00:03:45,250 All right. We're sorry. We can hear you now. OK. 21 00:03:45,250 --> 00:03:50,530 I was muted. Sorry about that. That's OK. OK. It was a heart stopping night. 22 00:03:50,530 --> 00:03:56,880 Thank you. You're back. Thank you, madam. 23 00:03:56,880 --> 00:04:05,180 Yes, sir. Thank you very much. So I'm going to talk about a house, a medical issue, intellectually bureaucratic governance at. 24 00:04:05,180 --> 00:04:15,100 How did you come to Kenya? One of the biggest ironies of African cities is they are putting blue state control over the working of camps, 25 00:04:15,100 --> 00:04:24,340 as evidenced by the runaway lawlessness in the spaces. The Goma refugee camp in the Democratic Republic of Congo was one example in the famous 26 00:04:24,340 --> 00:04:30,940 for harbouring how many of these activities following the London genocide of 1994. 27 00:04:30,940 --> 00:04:36,490 Cases of African casualties inside refugee camps have also been reported in countries. 28 00:04:36,490 --> 00:04:40,150 I guess it is Zambia, Tanzania and Uganda. Why? 29 00:04:40,150 --> 00:04:47,740 Instead of an organised crime, political radicalism and recruitment of using military units at our common 30 00:04:47,740 --> 00:04:54,620 occurrence in our linking Tompsett including those in Kenya Mauritania area. 31 00:04:54,620 --> 00:04:58,510 These clubs are also widely believed to be sites of human trafficking, 32 00:04:58,510 --> 00:05:06,250 as well as smuggling police to Kenya, where I conducted 12 months of the Democratic visa. 33 00:05:06,250 --> 00:05:10,470 A classic illustration of the lawlessness that is associated with refugees. 34 00:05:10,470 --> 00:05:22,430 It deals with cases of banditry, rape, kidnappings, bombings, murder and intercommunal strife reported throughout the comfort of existence. 35 00:05:22,430 --> 00:05:27,700 The complex comprises of A4 data and bighearted cups that are difficult, 36 00:05:27,700 --> 00:05:33,010 embedded as one because they are restricted in close proximity within each other. 37 00:05:33,010 --> 00:05:38,380 This can't have been any friend. Could you turn your camera on for us? 38 00:05:38,380 --> 00:05:49,280 We can't see you. Oh, sorry, sorry. I kind of see me now. 39 00:05:49,280 --> 00:05:54,740 Yeah, I can see you. Thank you. Do you want me to begin off, Rachel? 40 00:05:54,740 --> 00:05:58,040 I pick up from where I was. You can just pick up from where you are. 41 00:05:58,040 --> 00:06:02,790 Thank you. OK, so they set up complex cabezas laws. 42 00:06:02,790 --> 00:06:10,590 If all that data comes, a typical is that it does one because of that, it's treated in close proximity with each other. 43 00:06:10,590 --> 00:06:19,510 These clubs have been in existence this 1991 when my dad became stateless following the overthrow of the president siete buddy. 44 00:06:19,510 --> 00:06:29,040 Like to give you numbers, coping with the protracted hosting situation had to transport it comes to sort of contain cities with schools, 45 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:35,000 shops, restaurants, lodgings, hospitals and other social amenities. 46 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:42,290 But unlike other cities that are under municipal or state control, these cops appear to be loosely governed. 47 00:06:42,290 --> 00:06:44,960 As highlighted by the new MIT media reports, 48 00:06:44,960 --> 00:06:55,830 that becomes a dead up activity is breeding grounds and centres of unregulated and tax consignments of goods and capital from Somalia. 49 00:06:55,830 --> 00:07:04,250 How to get the government has gone so far as to label this comes as training grounds for the Somalia based al-Shabab militia. 50 00:07:04,250 --> 00:07:10,290 Which has claimed responsibility for 30 artillery strikes in May. Look at the tough area that have to get there. 51 00:07:10,290 --> 00:07:13,440 What that planted on to people. 52 00:07:13,440 --> 00:07:24,000 Disembody Majority Quynh happy to this comes out about Riegle, nomadic, dominant Muslim people who are divided into clans, subclans and religious. 53 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:32,200 You have two mothers living both inside and outside pick up walls, and they like to drink with the guys and locals is bloody. 54 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:37,200 They groups brought with the Semitic group have historically been bound together by centuries 55 00:07:37,200 --> 00:07:42,120 old intellectual that they could just muddy a Buddha and therefore have overlapping experiences. 56 00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:55,880 Appellations becomes existence for more than two decades has, moreover, actually been sustained by the relationship. 57 00:07:55,880 --> 00:08:12,640 So, Fred, you've just muted you to Mike. And again, again, sir, it's me to begin. 58 00:08:12,640 --> 00:08:23,480 So, for example. It was not uncommon to come across locusts with inhabited villages, as did as two, because it. 59 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:28,290 For Central made in Western countries and Glugs is offering food and social services. 60 00:08:28,290 --> 00:08:34,360 Some refugees, it notes, are suing the local identity to move freely in Kenya. 61 00:08:34,360 --> 00:08:42,670 The bodies of Kadisha. But that was particularly illustrated by the distinctions that people make between new and old biggest. 62 00:08:42,670 --> 00:08:43,690 These differences. Well, 63 00:08:43,690 --> 00:08:56,440 I think by lifers who certainly exonerate themselves from the widespread insecurity by linking it to late arrivals comedy branded as new litigates. 64 00:08:56,440 --> 00:09:02,920 Isn't it that I voted and I could have been driven into exile? But is it the approach that was experienced throughout the Horn of Africa? 65 00:09:02,920 --> 00:09:07,290 During my fieldwork? However. 66 00:09:07,290 --> 00:09:17,530 You really get these were also added selection of leadership dynamics in the context of the war in Somalia that has often worked, that translates. 67 00:09:17,530 --> 00:09:24,450 Indeed, many of the area labels head specifically choosing to flee to Dabdoub because they belong. 68 00:09:24,450 --> 00:09:30,260 But they battled clan who, like devils, shared the same plan. 69 00:09:30,260 --> 00:09:39,730 And that was not true for disaccord. Nudity GIFs. Newbold, with artificial distinctions, were therefore strategically deployed by Adaiah rivals, 70 00:09:39,730 --> 00:09:43,490 excluding attributes from becomes which are political processes. 71 00:09:43,490 --> 00:09:51,940 However, new arrivals are vulnerable because they could not mobilise these networks to access valuable resources. 72 00:09:51,940 --> 00:10:00,880 The days of kinship with letting people are fed up with that, that appears to have particularly been in our streets by the remoteness of the area. 73 00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:05,590 The systematic marginalisation by post-colonial governments. 74 00:10:05,590 --> 00:10:14,250 The UK government appears to have deliberately located the pumps in the remote semiarid area twice late Monday for Modise. 75 00:10:14,250 --> 00:10:19,290 We told that it brings with it information of time. Ms. 76 00:10:19,290 --> 00:10:25,980 Against this backdrop, gives you becomes even more important to sustain one's own existence in this presentation. 77 00:10:25,980 --> 00:10:29,300 I examine how leadership has come out and put an. 78 00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:36,210 In the functioning of the never becomes in the face of minimal bureaucratic business inside cups, I begin by stripping. 79 00:10:36,210 --> 00:10:43,140 That is the discussion in leveraging the. And you might to end the government governance. 80 00:10:43,140 --> 00:10:48,510 The ineffectiveness of this different agencies in managing better pumps is a strength, 81 00:10:48,510 --> 00:10:57,480 a striking contrast to how bureaucracies are commonly portrayed as having unethical control over people's lives instead of organisations. 82 00:10:57,480 --> 00:11:01,430 This premise of bureaucracy, in its Burián sense is particularly positive, 83 00:11:01,430 --> 00:11:09,540 aided by helpful madisen neutrality documentation that could Kippy and minority rationality 84 00:11:09,540 --> 00:11:16,800 inept bureaucrats to disguise subjective national goals as logical UNIVERSALISE policies. 85 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:24,370 What estate broker has is, moreover, weird and pretty, the power and the way they eclipse the conduct of their respective operations. 86 00:11:24,370 --> 00:11:28,910 They get made force as well as rewards and sanctions. It is not. 87 00:11:28,910 --> 00:11:37,550 Yes. So anything that gives thieves and pirates and more and the lot of ballistic power even that is totally defined political space. 88 00:11:37,550 --> 00:11:40,570 As peeping as and what others observe, 89 00:11:40,570 --> 00:11:48,370 Scapes also have an observer status that allowed them to deploy was quizzical student exemption to preserve their sovereign power. 90 00:11:48,370 --> 00:11:52,300 This entails preserving states by using people to base speed law. 91 00:11:52,300 --> 00:11:59,140 If this debt is driven by serious danger from within, not without commentators, I guess, but I am. 92 00:11:59,140 --> 00:12:07,930 If it is, I guess that state law has achieved and is debating what is in the present of declining US influence. 93 00:12:07,930 --> 00:12:18,010 They Paul, Montanan organisations in COP 16 is equally powerful as a body that is legally mandated to provide the natural protection for refugees. 94 00:12:18,010 --> 00:12:25,140 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR and its humanitarian partner. 95 00:12:25,140 --> 00:12:32,510 Half that is, plus visually establishing policing and justice mechanisms that provide the biggest with basic information. 96 00:12:32,510 --> 00:12:36,010 What makes it possible that the rule of law? 97 00:12:36,010 --> 00:12:47,290 The bodies of the UNHCR in providing basic needs and services, clarification camp settings, causing deep imbued it with state like qualities. 98 00:12:47,290 --> 00:12:52,980 Michael Barnet's and other others have even accused the UNHCR of becoming bruising. 99 00:12:52,980 --> 00:12:58,990 Thanks. The insinuation of this judge is that UNHCR has come to some simplistic 100 00:12:58,990 --> 00:13:06,120 bureaucracy that is often epitomised by rationality in efficiency and opaqueness. 101 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:12,910 These attributes Embar. It's so visual is to have unlimited monopoly of livelihood resources. 102 00:13:12,910 --> 00:13:19,200 The pointy qualities that exist between these officials and their clients has indeed left several quarters. 103 00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:29,460 Does it get too convoluted that you muttering how you we can only get up ahead if you give rights as their rights? 104 00:13:29,460 --> 00:13:36,940 His view is apparently informed by green conditions in minicam settings that are characterised by labour or political rights, 105 00:13:36,940 --> 00:13:42,840 restricted mobility with fairness of human potential and fewer economic opportunities. 106 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:53,970 We got to quote, as I just had a bunch fuelled perceptions that comes up of business with exception that seek to depoliticise occupants. 107 00:13:53,970 --> 00:13:58,650 If steps and you maintain bureaucracies are monolithic entities with the 108 00:13:58,650 --> 00:14:03,210 preponderance of people's lives as they are commonly portrayed in the literature, 109 00:14:03,210 --> 00:14:13,050 it is our policy to ask why the lack of enforcement for basic rules and conditions is the dominant trope of couple dynamics at that and other 16. 110 00:14:13,050 --> 00:14:21,160 It also prompts us to ask what keeps these guns going for so long in the face of weak institutional control? 111 00:14:21,160 --> 00:14:27,900 I guess I guess that is, I'm not the all powerful abstract entities that are often portrayed to be. 112 00:14:27,900 --> 00:14:32,820 And that bureaucratic action of the depends on the realities on the ground begins. 113 00:14:32,820 --> 00:14:40,140 And the states has hit that troubled history with its nomadic populations in general and some other cities in particular. 114 00:14:40,140 --> 00:14:48,160 There had been numerous things such as this in this almighty dominated area prior to the arrival of refugees and the election of crumps, 115 00:14:48,160 --> 00:14:57,670 simply because it drifted in security in one critical area by increasing the number of items to students and the number of people dropped. 116 00:14:57,670 --> 00:15:05,520 This has prompted the states to deploy drastic measures that fit in this general exemption framework. 117 00:15:05,520 --> 00:15:12,060 As I discuss below it, professionally conducted so-called security operations inside the double pumps 118 00:15:12,060 --> 00:15:17,130 and in so much dominated areas in Nairobi to ostensibly rule out a criminal. 119 00:15:17,130 --> 00:15:23,580 And in reality, however, these operations merely highlights the stakes in a bid to govern, 120 00:15:23,580 --> 00:15:28,960 become as well as the or muddied, if not eastern part of Kenya. 121 00:15:28,960 --> 00:15:35,850 This is most notably epitomised by radical police presence inside the camps. 122 00:15:35,850 --> 00:15:46,650 That has created room for kinship status. And you might take through classes in shipping practises, sharing kinship ties with locals. 123 00:15:46,650 --> 00:15:52,770 Moreover, enable refugees to manoeuvre the difficult hosting conditions. 124 00:15:52,770 --> 00:15:57,030 Realities are in line with what others, such as David Mozi. 125 00:15:57,030 --> 00:16:01,970 How should we do that with graphic that we don't see this debate and development schemes 126 00:16:01,970 --> 00:16:09,290 and with a context that government is the logic and less rigid that we might think? 127 00:16:09,290 --> 00:16:15,950 Basket success. Cholmondeley Debate preparation. To be sure, they're problematic. 128 00:16:15,950 --> 00:16:20,880 UNHCR set up inequalities between players were murdered. 129 00:16:20,880 --> 00:16:27,040 Yes. It was crazy to positively transform their lives instead of producing prisoners. 130 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:36,480 At Bad Attic's. It is not as if government officials didn't know about the limits of their power. 131 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:45,690 They nearly always relied on local institutions to minimise tension in social conditions, which did it to the Rolls Royce of state and aid agencies. 132 00:16:45,690 --> 00:16:52,240 He was most visibly demonstrated by the blame game that often ensued between the government and the U.N. 133 00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:58,690 Seattle officials were never bumping or bundi that type of gathering around the cops. 134 00:16:58,690 --> 00:17:05,690 Government officials who typically blame you in Seattle harbouring criminals under the guise of refugee protection, this puts. 135 00:17:05,690 --> 00:17:12,790 When the government crossed the border and suspended the give Australia registration for the abduction of two agents, 136 00:17:12,790 --> 00:17:17,080 what cars are allowed people to come in 2011, for example? 137 00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:22,440 The district commission informed me that an informal discussion that he repeated once you u. 138 00:17:22,440 --> 00:17:26,980 Yeah. And they quote, so-called refugees are from all of us. 139 00:17:26,980 --> 00:17:33,820 We shall be facing charges of crimes against humanity. Yet people betting does predict them here. 140 00:17:33,820 --> 00:17:40,270 He didn't. Later, they did. The government. It is hoped to roost. It comes in the following day at us. 141 00:17:40,270 --> 00:17:48,520 And I quote, I don't consider them to becomes outdrawn. What is the difference between the cubs and the local temperaments? 142 00:17:48,520 --> 00:17:53,380 Why do you and people insist on calling the camps as if the guys are confined somewhere? 143 00:17:53,380 --> 00:17:58,290 What do we all know that establishing themselves in every part of this country? 144 00:17:58,290 --> 00:18:04,260 There was indeed an entrenched feeling amongst government officials that he believes what of protecting. 145 00:18:04,260 --> 00:18:08,740 Four minute feature time director. How is that gonna get you select many? 146 00:18:08,740 --> 00:18:16,870 Because the biggies are expected to operate under the laws of the host country that was responsible for maintaining security. 147 00:18:16,870 --> 00:18:25,740 What do you make from this exchange? This was I said that this did not see itself as being responsible for maintaining law and order inside the camps. 148 00:18:25,740 --> 00:18:34,110 And it is due and different circumstances for doing so. This became evident following a series of bombings that targeted police, the. 149 00:18:34,110 --> 00:18:42,480 A military in my late 20s living with this, I began to claim I was a bit of a number of casualties. 150 00:18:42,480 --> 00:18:49,720 D.C. And I was in a public meeting that the government conducts what he termed as a cute little operation. 151 00:18:49,720 --> 00:19:01,480 If you have not put its house in order. In January 2012, well, this final conducted, an overnight operation ended up where new arrivals decided. 152 00:19:01,480 --> 00:19:06,510 These refugees who mostly belong to plans that were not related to local residents, 153 00:19:06,510 --> 00:19:14,520 had widely been branded local supporters, flooding, widespread insecurity. Many of them put up social media for the operation, 154 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:25,930 but the details were not immediately clear until we could get reports of widespread police brutality, looting, robbery, assault steadily much. 155 00:19:25,930 --> 00:19:30,330 You was the only police operation that I was made aware of during my yearlong field. 156 00:19:30,330 --> 00:19:40,350 Look, we can't escort the reality of step in the field fast, perhaps because of the devastating consequences that starting to come does portended. 157 00:19:40,350 --> 00:19:45,040 But even then, what these officers really conducted, patrol teams, they pick up. 158 00:19:45,040 --> 00:19:50,230 The officers I interacted with explained that that willingness to patrol the camps was 159 00:19:50,230 --> 00:19:56,460 informed by the threat of government funded attacks that were common in the area. 160 00:19:56,460 --> 00:20:04,590 It was just government officials who are plus two visiting becomes as long as living foot five boats travelled around 161 00:20:04,590 --> 00:20:13,020 only under heavy police escort and avoided getting inside becomes you believe are prevailing in the security. 162 00:20:13,020 --> 00:20:17,870 In light of these arrangements that have come through allegedly self-sustained units, 163 00:20:17,870 --> 00:20:23,890 we asked, did you maintain officials prefer to work through residuary does? 164 00:20:23,890 --> 00:20:28,690 The had left taking a leading role in steering operations. 165 00:20:28,690 --> 00:20:41,330 This longstanding practise of high demand has pointed out, has been bombarded by the unexpected object of considering it is as bad as people. 166 00:20:41,330 --> 00:20:50,430 Many it is decision making process. The effectiveness of somatic kinship units was what regularly give becomes that of functionality. 167 00:20:50,430 --> 00:20:57,980 That, in turn provided us with the Nesat approach attraction for actualising its governance. 168 00:20:57,980 --> 00:21:04,130 They set up we, Brooke, medical officials went through it to give it us, mostly benefited all refugees, 169 00:21:04,130 --> 00:21:11,860 porcupine most Debuchy positions in the changing political landscape where nudity Gisela viewed with suspicion. 170 00:21:11,860 --> 00:21:22,160 Gives fuel intercommunal conflicts in a difficult setting of scarcity as new refugees attempted to stick deadly on leadership positions. 171 00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:26,340 Detailed account of refugees. We just did. And you might even agencies. 172 00:21:26,340 --> 00:21:29,910 Happened against this backdrop. Good. That kinship provided it. 173 00:21:29,910 --> 00:21:35,920 I'm against drug tests, betray and production, food shipping company dynamics. 174 00:21:35,920 --> 00:21:40,540 What is it that the guest of the district, this chairman, to contextualise this it up? 175 00:21:40,540 --> 00:21:45,030 It was one of the most intriguing people who heard repeatedly about a building police operation, 176 00:21:45,030 --> 00:21:49,830 is that if you come in public meetings before it actually happened. 177 00:21:49,830 --> 00:21:55,750 He also lobbied successfully for the to put an end of refugee elections, pushed for police, abject poverty, 178 00:21:55,750 --> 00:22:04,240 not turning up on local politics and influence how development and security related issues were coordinated in the area. 179 00:22:04,240 --> 00:22:12,300 Indeed, instead of Piggins, bureaucracies were often sucked into clan and the new old rivalries. 180 00:22:12,300 --> 00:22:17,490 People like the district, this German police state is all diplomatic machinery. 181 00:22:17,490 --> 00:22:29,400 We've got the welfare of their relatives inside they come, or if the punishment puzzle's rifle is as a marriage that has demonstrated. 182 00:22:29,400 --> 00:22:39,100 The state of insecurity in this company seems to be consistent with the opinions of writers such as Patrick Shover and Pascal Delos. 183 00:22:39,100 --> 00:22:44,600 Cool, right? I get it. The chaotic, corrupt and the modern African state. 184 00:22:44,600 --> 00:22:50,740 Company EDS, for example, if I were getting ideas of separating home from office. 185 00:22:50,740 --> 00:22:59,200 For Minister Modi, government officials, just as you played that role in facilitating functioning of Eurocracy. 186 00:22:59,200 --> 00:23:05,710 Apart from hacking, but Reisinger is models about the traditional social. 187 00:23:05,710 --> 00:23:10,380 See, the patriotism of rocketing Africa's problems to safety of professional bureaucrats 188 00:23:10,380 --> 00:23:15,410 is taking root in sub-Saharan Africa due to state not being divorced from society. 189 00:23:15,410 --> 00:23:22,710 It correctly diverts our attention away from putting in proper perspective the importance of kinship in African societies. 190 00:23:22,710 --> 00:23:32,410 In what follows, I describe how endless bureaucratic procedures meant that abusive encounter between imatinib officials and Big Daddy big clients, 191 00:23:32,410 --> 00:23:39,020 which in turn strengthened the role of kinship in governance resource access. 192 00:23:39,020 --> 00:23:40,320 I didn't have camps. 193 00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:49,800 The UNHCR did like governance structure was illustrated by the fact that agencies it had contracted out to provide special services. 194 00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:55,340 These included gained national we can an educational gym that would have programmes that one, 195 00:23:55,340 --> 00:23:59,810 the division which was in charge of combating its tuition, have been safe. 196 00:23:59,810 --> 00:24:08,160 We provided medical services to use to Save the Children, which was supposed to be given protection issues, had not been imaginal. 197 00:24:08,160 --> 00:24:12,900 We provided much as a foot traffic is with disabilities, amongst others. 198 00:24:12,900 --> 00:24:17,080 The extent to which the UNHCR bureaucracy has come to exemptions did. 199 00:24:17,080 --> 00:24:25,200 Bureaucracy is it it is by the irrationality in officiants and opaqueness that dominate its practises. 200 00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:34,060 Organisations have adopt a form of rapid growth. Instead, it is proper procedure to default on both operations. 201 00:24:34,060 --> 00:24:41,460 Why was it a little debugger that was assigned to pages? And it often seemed that having not budge was a perfect site. 202 00:24:41,460 --> 00:24:51,670 Working in the cup areas without an official budge, one could never use agent vehicles nor gain access to the box. 203 00:24:51,670 --> 00:24:57,950 Another bureaucratic Brutsch vision. That's how should other get us was attending meetings, 204 00:24:57,950 --> 00:25:03,830 gridlocking also Dimensional was going to be that he had not been to the camp for close to six months, 205 00:25:03,830 --> 00:25:09,060 even though if you've in identifying and dealing with this violence, get opponents. 206 00:25:09,060 --> 00:25:15,410 This business. Then again, the other is what has provided outreach services to refugees. 207 00:25:15,410 --> 00:25:20,600 His daily routine now involved attending meetings and day puts. 208 00:25:20,600 --> 00:25:27,770 He often expressed frustration at the lack of redeeming is the activities that he admits planning for his work difficult? 209 00:25:27,770 --> 00:25:31,140 Ironically, as he often pointed. 210 00:25:31,140 --> 00:25:39,570 It was not unusual to hear complaints about inadequate staffing and if there are meetings where participants feel a sense of or being utilised. 211 00:25:39,570 --> 00:25:44,130 He compared life inside the Agins complaints prison system in light of the 212 00:25:44,130 --> 00:25:50,810 mobility restrictions that people are subjected to the debit prevailing security. 213 00:25:50,810 --> 00:25:55,390 Their preoccupation with procedures, so Vedanta might actually have his delivery. 214 00:25:55,390 --> 00:26:07,090 I pick up. The experiences of that 80 year old woman might help to shed light on the frustrations of negotiating the difficult bureaucratic mess. 215 00:26:07,090 --> 00:26:13,060 In seeking services from agencies. Habib, was existing months changed. 216 00:26:13,060 --> 00:26:17,820 Physical disability and he'd been agonising. They had property soon after. 217 00:26:17,820 --> 00:26:24,210 But. But the mother was no longer willing to take. And yet the nearby MSF clinic. 218 00:26:24,210 --> 00:26:28,090 Although she had visited the clinic three times every week for the past one year. 219 00:26:28,090 --> 00:26:38,370 The condition gradually been deteriorating. Does she talk to me that she saw no need in dealing with the medical equipment? 220 00:26:38,370 --> 00:26:45,780 She had initially hoped that she would as a cure. And I know that whenever the child gets better treatment by the doctor, 221 00:26:45,780 --> 00:26:52,870 MSF had informed her that he had more serious get tested positive for the limited opportunities. 222 00:26:52,870 --> 00:26:57,880 How does he should abandon the middle of this was also informed by other family 223 00:26:57,880 --> 00:27:05,530 obligations because she was the head of the household and the husband was winning. 224 00:27:05,530 --> 00:27:09,750 Had people's was applicable case of giving up after knocking on his door? 225 00:27:09,750 --> 00:27:18,990 That's how she described it. She hit 70 children who had dated to try to handicap international utility Jones physical disability. 226 00:27:18,990 --> 00:27:24,750 She thought that high up international would like MSF would have made a final request. 227 00:27:24,750 --> 00:27:27,210 But all of that was a promise to provide, I guess, 228 00:27:27,210 --> 00:27:34,110 to help the jet's mobility at how looking stage she had also been advised by her neighbours to visit. 229 00:27:34,110 --> 00:27:37,520 Guests get that vision. He'll be great. 230 00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:39,850 Assisted women in a car. 231 00:27:39,850 --> 00:27:47,950 Killable officials, in fact, head back to Save the Children after informing had that they ordered 100 domestic issues after listening to minorities. 232 00:27:47,950 --> 00:27:54,820 I convinced the district's children officer to assist the child through his working relationship with his officials. 233 00:27:54,820 --> 00:27:59,810 Together, we visited the 70 children, Manigat. His dad ahead of his. 234 00:27:59,810 --> 00:28:11,210 He was very reluctant to give up on us. He decided to come citing agents, put prohibitions, but left and left under the agreed to come with us. 235 00:28:11,210 --> 00:28:17,750 When we arrive at a people's house, the manager asked her whether she had ever approached Handicap International. 236 00:28:17,750 --> 00:28:26,210 We did. This did matter. He didn't explain that he will need competition from Handicap International before shipping in assistance. 237 00:28:26,210 --> 00:28:29,770 Considering that, I doubt that he's got disability. 238 00:28:29,770 --> 00:28:36,360 He still took down the family's deepest and promised to might handicap International about that duty. 239 00:28:36,360 --> 00:28:41,100 When I called on him a month later to find out about the case, 240 00:28:41,100 --> 00:28:47,340 he explained that he delivered to the on our previous visits and had no capacity to pursue a mother, 241 00:28:47,340 --> 00:28:52,120 mother, father without handcuffing DiMaggio implementation. 242 00:28:52,120 --> 00:28:59,770 The existence of numerous speeches about it made it easier for bureaucrats to shirk responsibility by apportioning blame, 243 00:28:59,770 --> 00:29:08,410 others knowing who to approach your blame was therefore one of the biggest challenges that the biggest Fiske's these dynamics added. 244 00:29:08,410 --> 00:29:12,030 Plus, years of confusion within the past, knowing who was engaged. 245 00:29:12,030 --> 00:29:17,080 That's often portrayed comes as it is other places. 246 00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:24,910 It also contributed to an atmosphere where kinship took centre stage in the social political processes. 247 00:29:24,910 --> 00:29:28,840 Indeed, indeed, Iraq is often debated on occasion. 248 00:29:28,840 --> 00:29:35,410 To put couple dynamics which prove that the two systems to work as hyping submissions in governance. 249 00:29:35,410 --> 00:29:44,770 This was accepted amidst the lawlessness that emanate from rivalries, banditry and general disorder. 250 00:29:44,770 --> 00:29:50,830 Kinship becomes even more important as an insurance, not good as the pathology of insecurity. 251 00:29:50,830 --> 00:29:57,760 It is doing is capable of gatekeeping practises that allow now time. 252 00:29:57,760 --> 00:30:00,760 They said they keep an Monegasque case, 253 00:30:00,760 --> 00:30:12,780 shows how bureaucrats more as a get to keep us off information sources as often to do with immense powers over their clients. 254 00:30:12,780 --> 00:30:19,360 Still, it does not justify apprehending you must do that is through the lens of barely doing so leaves 255 00:30:19,360 --> 00:30:27,050 little room for nuance influence on how we get populations by responding to this point equality's. 256 00:30:27,050 --> 00:30:34,480 So Modise, as I show indecision, often deployed in ship, because I convinced did you Montanan prescriptions. 257 00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:42,280 If a new DVD or that extensive kinship networks navigate the difficult setting of stars, it will not helpless. 258 00:30:42,280 --> 00:30:46,700 They insisted by babies that saw two sides prevent them from something if guilty. 259 00:30:46,700 --> 00:30:57,600 Does. This fuelled the rivalry between you and all these two groups, clipped each other for the security inside the car. 260 00:30:57,600 --> 00:31:04,020 Using General Dynamics copper with their knuckles, economic to economic opportunity is largely accounted for. 261 00:31:04,020 --> 00:31:11,370 The company executives at Debra. Administration access to company sources was heavily influenced by this, 262 00:31:11,370 --> 00:31:17,250 despite the rhetoric about international standards that ostensibly govern these functions. 263 00:31:17,250 --> 00:31:24,840 As explained above, they look at what the division did not have physical presence inside become if they thought it was genuine democracy, 264 00:31:24,840 --> 00:31:33,860 income, security and administration. Instead, it gave out its mandate principally for cars and does. 265 00:31:33,860 --> 00:31:40,970 And with that unwanted division walk through, committed to peace and security teams that were comprised of addicted BeeGees, 266 00:31:40,970 --> 00:31:45,500 well coordinated security issues in and around the camps. 267 00:31:45,500 --> 00:31:53,110 The teams who are trained to perform in order to commit to policy through gun patrols and who are often called upon. 268 00:31:53,110 --> 00:32:03,130 Sort of various problems, including queue jumping off boats, is Butte's together providing protection for women and other groups. 269 00:32:03,130 --> 00:32:09,360 Become also a high like system of administration with Chairman A. at the top. 270 00:32:09,360 --> 00:32:19,450 Followed by security, does one of the videos, Homosexuals and Broccoli, does who I am, judge of the individual prox we do not section. 271 00:32:19,450 --> 00:32:27,780 The cumbersome, inefficient model of self governance, it put a premium on leadership positions on the middle class trade-offs in Egypt units. 272 00:32:27,780 --> 00:32:35,390 Leadership positions were highly coveted because of the benefits that accompany deep or low due to does not salaries. 273 00:32:35,390 --> 00:32:46,270 They do allowances for tending against meetings. In addition, they often used their positions as leverage to get numerous benefits. 274 00:32:46,270 --> 00:32:54,340 Security does one, for example, expect it to flood names of people to be employed as food distribution plugs even after six months? 275 00:32:54,340 --> 00:32:58,990 Why? Broccoli does what I did. They didn't find people in need of housing on Leprince. 276 00:32:58,990 --> 00:33:05,060 We did that blob's ministry BeeGees convicted the distribution clerk position because 277 00:33:05,060 --> 00:33:12,600 it what it said lacks the opportunity to make quick money through funded food shops. 278 00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:18,880 If you want to read it to me, how did unsuccessfully attempted to bribe his section leader? 279 00:33:18,880 --> 00:33:23,550 Because he dug for the position of distribution clerk. He was not considered for the position, 280 00:33:23,550 --> 00:33:32,280 despite promising to give the sectional leader or the incentive pay he received for the six month fixed contract of the position. 281 00:33:32,280 --> 00:33:39,310 And he cited his lack of kinship connexion to the fictional leader as a reason for this failure. 282 00:33:39,310 --> 00:33:46,930 When I asked Way Out of love for three, he explained that water, which is the fact is we are still up a percentage point. 283 00:33:46,930 --> 00:33:53,510 Evidently, biggest food ration during food distribution was more lucrative for them, not us. 284 00:33:53,510 --> 00:33:58,540 That's the biggest one paid monthly as an incentive. 285 00:33:58,540 --> 00:34:05,460 The widespread nature of the mother was epitomised by an industry that the minute discussions during my fieldwork. 286 00:34:05,460 --> 00:34:13,260 In 2010, the local member of parliament disguised himself has added Viji and goondas waiting to get 287 00:34:13,260 --> 00:34:18,710 food rations to investigate the widespread complaints of people getting food rations. 288 00:34:18,710 --> 00:34:26,310 That's then Duwayne title. However, everybody, including the MP, got our purpose. 289 00:34:26,310 --> 00:34:33,450 She has on that occasion. Because what had leaked out? 290 00:34:33,450 --> 00:34:38,590 The use of the equation government, and it gives his commitment to get them, 291 00:34:38,590 --> 00:34:48,310 given that the stolen food was always on public display in the new ban on food stores, that was stated directly opposite the discussion centre. 292 00:34:48,310 --> 00:34:53,530 This incident should not be linked as a case where the MP was acting as a state agent, 293 00:34:53,530 --> 00:34:58,480 coming in to supervise or facilitating management practises in his constituency. 294 00:34:58,480 --> 00:35:09,200 Rather, he was responding to his kinsmen complaints about lack of enough laws to snuff out distribution of Klaxons inadequate food rations. 295 00:35:09,200 --> 00:35:16,340 Many of those who served as distribution clerks were either locals posing as refugees or alternatively, 296 00:35:16,340 --> 00:35:21,000 if you got rifles who are members of the hosting community subtribe. 297 00:35:21,000 --> 00:35:28,700 This illustrates how kinship and bureaucracy worked as a hybrid formation in governance and resource access. 298 00:35:28,700 --> 00:35:39,600 Similarly, it is somewhat inaccurate, tributed complains about, but that form of corruption of the ostensibly rational bureaucracy. 299 00:35:39,600 --> 00:35:46,610 Has the experience of the man who tried to rape, stiction or need to have shown it was not always obvious that having money to 300 00:35:46,610 --> 00:35:52,610 bribe officials was all it took for one to be appointed as a distribution clerk. 301 00:35:52,610 --> 00:36:00,720 Indeed, many of those who failed to secure this position often attributed their failure directly to relatives in high places, 302 00:36:00,720 --> 00:36:04,600 facilitates the process as opposed to lacking money. 303 00:36:04,600 --> 00:36:13,910 But I believe the guilty does. Those who missed out three inadequate rations or positions found it easier to frame Bermuda as a form of corruption. 304 00:36:13,910 --> 00:36:24,180 And in reality, these complaints did it to highlights the vulnerability, as people within did without in front of intimate. 305 00:36:24,180 --> 00:36:30,070 This is an indictment, to quote us, I just about Dallas could deploy a ethnicity, 306 00:36:30,070 --> 00:36:40,800 nepotism and gift exchange to corruption as an African problem without appreciating the value that people put on kinship in these contexts. 307 00:36:40,800 --> 00:36:44,530 Do you find that local politicians sometimes intervene in the working world? 308 00:36:44,530 --> 00:36:51,640 Yes, again, reinforces the weakness of the state on humanitarian officials to impose order and highlights. 309 00:36:51,640 --> 00:36:56,580 How can she fill the void left by humanitarian organisations? 310 00:36:56,580 --> 00:37:03,930 The Vogels kinship in gaining access to company sources was willing, scripted by the campaign for electing to give it us. 311 00:37:03,930 --> 00:37:06,710 That coincided with my field. 312 00:37:06,710 --> 00:37:17,960 When the campaigns begun, the fight over these positions are the positions of Yemen charity section of Brooklyn does assumed a kinship dimension. 313 00:37:17,960 --> 00:37:25,130 The D.C. set of electioneering thought by the Department of DFS to liaise with the 314 00:37:25,130 --> 00:37:32,030 UNHCR in organising the exercise that had been postponed on two previous occasions. 315 00:37:32,030 --> 00:37:39,800 The Department of Rebegin Office then announced that it of June 2012, the election date which kicked off campaigns in Detroit, 316 00:37:39,800 --> 00:37:52,340 and this as candidates started putting money on breathing campaign propaganda and hiring people in what was increasingly turning into a show of might. 317 00:37:52,340 --> 00:37:58,490 However, as the campaigns continued, there was a desert between new and old with the geese, 318 00:37:58,490 --> 00:38:04,430 with the new treaty geese complaining that they were being prevented from running 319 00:38:04,430 --> 00:38:10,130 for this position by Odali bigots who claim to be the owners of the place. 320 00:38:10,130 --> 00:38:14,330 Eventually, however, the Department of Defence should resist or whatever. 321 00:38:14,330 --> 00:38:24,960 But who had applied for these positions? But in the public meetings on the informal discussions, locals explains their preference for having arrivals. 322 00:38:24,960 --> 00:38:37,020 So if I were in this position for what did call us security reasons would extend CHOP and the new order. 323 00:38:37,020 --> 00:38:43,890 It leaves both men and and that'll do BeeGees dismasted Manda's approach for maintaining the status quo. 324 00:38:43,890 --> 00:38:51,070 Considering that those occupying these positions had close kinship links to the local hosting, some subclan. 325 00:38:51,070 --> 00:39:03,000 The district chairman, for example. Advocated for postponement of the elections by claiming in several public meetings without evidence 326 00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:09,210 that new refugees were either members or sympathisers of this almighty based al Shabaab militia. 327 00:39:09,210 --> 00:39:16,890 Ford wasn't deemed security situation in the area. If they are elected as a. 328 00:39:16,890 --> 00:39:24,160 The days leave for Labour to win between standards and get done with the elections was illustrated by an explosive attack on the campaign. 329 00:39:24,160 --> 00:39:31,520 One voice of outgoing charity of Infocom, we delivered how critical injuries, 330 00:39:31,520 --> 00:39:40,050 but it was widely feared it may local suckles predictions luck was putting definite no extra gap to its. 331 00:39:40,050 --> 00:39:48,720 I learnt of the consolation from a group of US pilots who had assembled outside the UNHCR to seek clarification on the way forward. 332 00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:56,670 After failing to get odious from the government or agency officials in his. 333 00:39:56,670 --> 00:40:00,020 Babe, that is who is vying for the position of sexual leader. 334 00:40:00,020 --> 00:40:09,800 I take that step on the amount of individuals knew that the numbers of nearly begins to increase tremendously and therefore feared that younger, 335 00:40:09,800 --> 00:40:18,340 younger and it begins like himself, that Howard describes himself, who took be mostly older, at least with the group of the man who did this. 336 00:40:18,340 --> 00:40:24,170 One of the agents fund. So what would. 337 00:40:24,170 --> 00:40:30,960 The opposition has shown that membership was an important consideration in shipping company nomics. 338 00:40:30,960 --> 00:40:35,690 It is less opposed to being scheduled for distributing relief. Aid did come. 339 00:40:35,690 --> 00:40:41,440 Yet it knows about unfairness in food allocation kept increasing by each passing day. 340 00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:51,720 And this was because it relied on an incentive for us whose appointment was actually governed by the rules of kinship that was disguised as addiction. 341 00:40:51,720 --> 00:40:57,240 These guys are discussions on how to perhaps really make a better life. 342 00:40:57,240 --> 00:41:02,370 Deep into these local nuances on bare necessities. 343 00:41:02,370 --> 00:41:08,330 Thank you very much. All right. 344 00:41:08,330 --> 00:41:19,040 Thank you so much indeed. Just a few comments and and questions about asking questions. 345 00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:28,640 Before I do that, I wanted to say to everyone that we are joined in seminar by some of trade students from the same. 346 00:41:28,640 --> 00:41:38,890 No. So I just wanted to extend a very warm welcome to your students to to the seminar, as we were discussing before we started. 347 00:41:38,890 --> 00:41:44,300 It is really wonderful thing to be able to to have these kinds of exchanges. 348 00:41:44,300 --> 00:41:51,410 And if our students want to continue talking with your students, then that would be fantastic. 349 00:41:51,410 --> 00:42:00,620 Just to say to everyone here that we can take questions by the they're raising their hand. 350 00:42:00,620 --> 00:42:08,690 And if you can see the chaps, the group chat, then you could put it a question there in the conversation. 351 00:42:08,690 --> 00:42:15,520 And also, if those methods just put you on the spot a little bit too much, 352 00:42:15,520 --> 00:42:23,110 then to feel free to drop me a line and with through this sort of personal chat facility. 353 00:42:23,110 --> 00:42:31,500 And I can ask the question for you as well. So lots of ways to participate in the seminar. 354 00:42:31,500 --> 00:42:35,840 And Fred, back to you. Took a really wonderful deacon.