So much for joining us today.
We've been having a little bit of Internet connectivity problems, so we're gonna just cross our fingers and hope that everything works, OK?
But bear with us just in case it doesn't.
So it's my great pleasure to welcome to the seminar series Job, George Bob Milliard, who's joining us now, I think from Ghana,
where he's a senior lecturer at the Department of History and Political Studies at the Kwasman Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
He'll also be joining us here at Oxford. We hope next year as an ethics fellow, COGAT vaccine permitting.
I very much hope. And today he'll be talking to us about presidential campaign stops in Ghana.
And because we're having some Internet problems. George is just going to keep his camera off for now.
And we'll try to show PowerPoint and hope it works. And there should be plenty of time for questions at the end.
So, as always, do store up your questions. And when it comes time for questions, feel free to just use the raised hand button on teams.
We'll be monitoring that. Or you can type your question in a chat or you can PM me any questions you have.
And then at the end, after the questions, we'll just hang around for a few more minutes.
If anyone wants to talk to George Moore and formally or introduce themselves again, Internet permitting.
OK. So I will turn off my camera now.
And George, it's over to you and Brenda over to you on the PowerPoint.
All right. Right.
Thank you, Liz. I hope you can hear me. Yes, we can hear you really well.
Excellent. Thank you so much for the invitation to take part in your so mysterious.
Is hoping that a. Next year, I'll be able, Jenny.
Looking forward to that. It's all my talk is on.
She's gone. And I've to. A presidential campaign stops in Ghana.
This is a club that we started with back in 2009.
So I'm meeting on Tuesday, we did with my colleague, Dr. Jeffrey Miller in San Francisco.
So what I'm going to present is there's the elementary detail that we've put together so that we can have some conversations,
our own issues that what we've got. Right.
So next piece. Right.
Within the context of a deposition. Right.
I say that this. It's within the context of democratisation.
I'd like to start the discussion by looking at the intelligence community, the democracy index, that over the years,
as we assess the state of democracy in the world, democracy index, media, democracy and democracy.
It's under five categories electoral process, role in the fashioning of governments.
But the gap between popular culture and familiarities.
Police based on these.
Categorisation, the economics, the.
Today, that democracy index categorised.
Plus countries and floridly taxes. We have a full democracy that I very few country global US democracy.
We'll have a flawed democracy. You have Hobley democracy and you have a lot of tyranny reaching.
Now, in the context of Harry Reid, Jimson Teruggi, what I'm disgusting is irrelevant when you try to upload that to the upper can taste that.
A lot of the things that we have in Africa, democracy that they have come under these tent was some squalid Washington, D.C. rejean types.
Next, please. So they're 18, 19 index reported that.
Almost half of the world population live in a democracy of some sort.
However, only six percent reside in a democracy.
So the rest that 90 per cent reside in one of these either is flawed to have a regime, authoritarian regime.
Then the Panthers of Africa. It is actually very surprising.
It depends how you look at it. The mortgagors is classified as a full democracy.
The US world in water in 2016 and I'm sure they've been tainted in those that will come.
The U.S. is likely to remain as a flawed democracy.
Next, please. So according to their to their democracy index.
The world global democracy also fell from five point four dollars in the eighteen
point four and is likely to do the performance of states in sub-Saharan Africa,
Latin America, the Middle East, North Africa.
Now, the question I asked for, our reflection is for us.
Do look at this, this is not democracy in Africa and for my particular interest in West Africa.
What is the status of democracy in West Africa? The of democracy in West Africa in 2019 in trading Nitin.
This will be in West Africa. Subregion. They've been categorised under these labels that total.
And initially it's like that to have a. A lot of countries coming under the label.
Then you have to repair regimes. And in the case of blues, as liberal arts flood, you have a DVD.
And then the same category would be us. So, again,
the point I emphasise is that that's a telling this despite the fact that West Africa is this multiparty democracy where nearly three decades,
not three challenges. And this is very important as we move forward.
Next slide, please. Not in the year 2020.
It be literally as a legend in West Africa.
Many states upheld or are likely to be holding presidential and legislative elections this year.
The lawyer. Yeah. Yeah.
Which guess money, though, if there are elections in if not being disputed and eventually led to a military taking over.
Or is it more recently in the States.
Luckily were victims of course, anyway, boycotted by the opposition.
Now this is very troubling.
But looking at where I work, which is coming from telling you that he dies a few months in the palace, adopted multiparty elections.
And for us in Ghana, that's our Western neighbour.
And yes, is a chant Danger and Mos Def trying to solve a day.
And we are getting ready to have our next list.
Now, this debate about democratisation, but tend to emphasise that.
African countries, I look at ties in true relations.
It is likely true that the transition to civilian assistance to multi-party systems where relations and it is very important.
Edited by Stephane Limbered myself.
General Peter used to look at and kiss that in the context of Ghana.
Ghana has since 1992 been holding regular elections and that democracy doesn't understand on an even plane.
But occasionally you have democratic ruptures and that this rupture is allowed guys to stay in line and allow the ideas to align.
It allows lending. It allows for the improvement of the system and let.
Yes. Democratic right. A very important then.
But I still say that is relevant for the countries that I'm discussing is the question that Jimi began asked.
He told him that what motivates African citizens to vote and what what issues do be people?
Now, for the context that I'm discussing and looking at,
her campaign stops in Ghana is very important for us to look at the issues that Ghanaian presidents are founded.
A splendid campaign. Then it's important for us to stick to the discussion.
What must be done is good for the party that they do vote for.
It is very important, not least a broad based.
The discussion that we're having around our, what, just very preliminary.
And I would appreciate the comments pointing to literature that you feel is relevant and which.
Next, let me. No.
And Miss. Is the issue of the puppet of little goodies in West Africa?
Delegitimizes QST. It's going to cost Democratico stagnation and backsliding.
And the examples are not able to find that they. But we have opinion in Mali in the Lockwood is.
These are of improvements. Rather, I did a detailed regression in this commission case.
But of course, there will be eight iterations will vary from state to state.
Biologically, they behave well in marriages was a very sharp factor in the I do offer these democracies that, well, not exactly like these.
Now I come to Ghana.
My sister Ghana, reintroduce the politics in 1992 after reluctance.
Displayed. It's the. Late entry into a democratisation is often a single one of the most mature democracies in Africa.
Now, if you look at the economic intelligence community in Ghana is ranked at number five out of the country, though, in sub-Saharan Africa.
Right. And it has done well. Unique is that has a complex system and a number of very stable democratic institutions.
Next slide, please. Let's go. Let's have some commentators supplement citizen academics.
Sees Ghana as a model. It's a model for the rest of the continent.
But Ghana is essentially a democracy that we have not improved on its performance lately, what good it has.
What is unique is the conduct of elections.
But the quality of it. They did a democratic dividend.
It isn't island for the reasons why we put forth as be in dispute as to what our system is delivering.
But the point is that you start a model.
Democracy is based on history. Gotcha. Look at the challenges with building Lapland.
What I media as a leader, it's been a very long party that we jail for making that a symbol that very challenging.
There've been a lot of at least apparently as we speak, right in public.
But before that,
there were three videos published that most of the ones that garner support from public was built on the foundation of authoritarianism,
and that perhaps that history of Turian rule informs the decisions that citizens make when it comes to voting.
That, of course, is a generational issue. And many of today's generation never lived.
And the military regime in the US is this young generation that are giving support to the multi-party system that the country's president misled this.
Still talking about the building blocks before all of that, the building collapse appears to have an agreement on the rules of the game at this hour,
a consensus amongst the two dominant strategies that have given standard the
return to multi-party politics and that they the last one elusive mission.
Well, unlike Donald Trump, who would meet an unlikely, they will not move on.
So it is a little unsettled in a way contributed to the cause of darkness.
The next slide, please.
Of course, above all, what is very important as a building block, in my opinion, is a Jewish talisman, which is not going fishing.
Has come to Rigolets. Party politics that come too late, it doesn't end with our tent limits.
And then I'm. No, no, no party has attempted amending the Constitution.
They then have to tend to govern and let a gradual institutionalisation of programmatic politics,
where ideas not reign instead of populism and populism is there.
But it is likely about debating ideas, about debating which policy framework, which I develin blueprint is relevant moving forward.
Next slide, please. Of course, on top of that, a very stable democratic institutions that are left with a functioning legislature.
Dominated by two black artists like Paul Oberly, a husband, an independent judiciary.
That's Kreisky when. This is the rule of law and respect for due process.
Then there's the protection for civil liberties and the rights and freedoms.
They have a civil society organisation and the free press. Allegedly.
Now, all of these institutions have contributed to making Ghana a model democracy, one that if you compare it to its peers,
that is that it is not working for Ghana, but in other countries, you wouldn't find that negative.
When I was rescued on the freedom to associate lead, next door is only with a major issue.
Right. So this is. But the democracy that Ghana parties is just not perfect.
All right. So in the next light, please. I tried to look at some of the defects of this model democracy that Ghana has built over the years.
Next slide, please. Yes. In the first place.
Gundars democracy. Remains a work in progress.
Dilatant, indeed. And the.
The book is in itself the way it's been designed. It does not contribute to making it very suitable or the blue collar position in the
sense that the winner takes it all makes it almost impossible for the Compazine
unless you implement Layton or whose government did the governing party comes
along and takes over the way supposed to be when it makes it or that another.
That is a challenging is this partisanship that so endemic and they can impose assistant.
But it does affect the long term development plan because once one party dominates and they have control of parliament and acidity,
everything is just a moment our only that is power.
This affects the long standing planning. Next slide, please.
Opposed. Then there's the question of extreme pro-life paralyzation, which is the guy on tape that seems to be a perpetual campaign mood Konstanty.
Why is the new president his a government is in power. The Bushes that campaigning on the very day that the president is gone.
Okay. Liberal democracy, the way it's practised, has contributed mightily qualities in Ghana, Rabanne knocked out OK.
It is a boom and bust. I need to point out that, Mr. Ladley, a lot of people left out of these gains that the middle class is getting.
There the issue of a low intensity little Obama is at least plucked of balance.
That with an alleged sale comes up. Ghana is going to the polls in December.
Police have just released a report that were deployed there and at LA Hotbox.
And overall, Muslim housing hotspots have been identified.
Now, just ask both that violence is likely to degenerate into something else.
And for a country that has practised multiparty politics for nearly three decades, these are troubling issues.
Next slide, please. That there's the issue of, well, I represented with these highly skilled getting fed up.
Uh, Mills is a monthly world. These women are underrepresented in this decision making bodies across the country,
even with impact structures from the national women's, organised this rule women struggle to do to to find a space in this environment.
Okay, this is a problem. And that, of course, a very progressive state that wants to advance should be addressing all of these.
But sadly, it looks slightly.
Yes, about all the most troubling is a Jewish analyzation of what clearly referred to as the Monique Christie No Democrat philharmonics.
And they say that term party politics,
public service monetise if only those with a deep pocketed donors to buy support and funded their campaign to get into a public office.
Of course, because that campaign financing is highly unregulated.
And this just goes give rise to political corruption. The daily reports of corruption not only in one party, but across the board.
All of that, anytime they are the government.
It's the same story in Gagnon's were telling me when I interviewed in several years, said, well, that funded it indirectly.
The access group of things they must eat from public office.
This is a gift that doesn't have the system.
Now I'll go to. The debt should be the final session.
Next slide, please. It is on a list, companies. Ingunn.
Next year in Ghana, parliamentary campaigns are done.
These are things. But above all, a Zeppelin dial lady, a company that attract popular support and interests.
Then they added. Listen, I may related campaigns organised from party headquarters.
And are almost always ended around the presidential nominee, of course, last pitched, organised and media own legend campaigns.
And it's Larfleeze. Not like this lady motivated.
To win elections at all costs and in the general contest, there is no official appeal of dedicated campaigning.
So like I said earlier, always in the virtual campaign.
Right. And a lot of things. Did.
Party machines. If the party that is dominant.
Do you have a time period that began campaigning?
If you are interested in parliamentary, the possibility which I'll campaign about all incumbency imposes tighter restrictions on the tender.
And nothing compares Neistat. Next slide, please.
Now, I come on to talk on the Perugian, that's where working on, like I said from the beginning, that this is a work in progress.
This is the first presentation that I'm making that I'll just give you what the idea behind this project and all the time to look at,
especially with No. Where is the shot?
You need to do it. Well, in we media to that they emphasise at each stop.
So in the literature, there's very little on it.
And we feel that it's so important and that we need to look back.
So the industry has documented where politicians move, why did Google Google, why they choose to focus on the areas they go?
Why did you start a summit when they visit last year?
This is very relevant for for for LBJ. We feel that this is an area that needs veracity, and that is why we're doing that.
Netflix. Essentially, we are intending to compile a database.
All information. Have you done that much out or you stopped going?
We stayed in 2016, like I said from the beginning. So this is the second national campaign stop that we're compiling them on.
We are interested in where.
When they did begun an election campaign where the presidential candidates moved on, what issues and emphasised at each stop?
The study documents exactly what the politicians really do.
We're all interested in what they really do. All right, let's let this.
No, they did this also luckily were used in newspapers,
written for newspapers by using daily graphic and Gannan Times daily graphic and guy named are owned by receipts and.
Well, these are newspapers of record. They report official information and comments by the president.
What? They lead the DST on their own.
We look at them.
Those that are aligned to main parties difference and the Daily Guide and Chronicle of Crew MPP, then the Herald and The Heritage through NBC.
So we collect information from newspapers. There are also monitor.
Deal. Look at things like live news conference, like coverage.
But a lot of Liberty Township, we need we need to begin to clean it up.
They will also pay close attention to the company's piddles on social media platforms, Facebook, Twitter.
Dan, on the Internet to us is like going nowhere lightly.
The source did not like losing it.
It's. And monitoring their campaigns? No, we're collecting information from our distance, but of course,
we feel that this is the safest reliable way to collect information on what we're are trying to work on.
Next slide, please. No, we tried to.
Dieter. We'll look at the date of the campaign event.
They revised to whether the candidate missing major ethical agreements then was interested in the intermediary.
This is whether people ambition as holding the presidential candidate.
Then we can embrace on information also based on interest groups.
And this refers to any mission more specific. President Kennedy Kennedy demanded campaign platform.
There's a slightly. Then cut to.
In fact, promised that respect to the normal speculative families, we look at a distributed plan.
When you look at a public which defers to making a claim about what is in the best interest of Dannion public,
and we also categorise based on evolution, which what you're faced with the.
I really try to lead a passive performance. Which opening's nice like this.
Now that they dictate the terms of the parties, currently, they are close to nearly.
Dateable, go back to that time. We just did.
And by a commission of ban proposed all of these by these elements to apply a divinely statutory argument of relevance,
multi-party system to any kids who settled on the two dominant parties.
But since 1992, they've been seven elections.
And these messages have been won either by the Congress, the Tea Party.
These are the two welcome parties that the city is concerned with and is presidential.
And we do see that it is trying to mop up the militia on paystubs, smaller parties.
But of course, these are the domino minds then.
Is this a chaplain? And that is why it will settle an issue like this.
Yes. Now, let me be clear, Report.com. So let me clarify.
And next slide, please. Makes.
Now, when it comes to where the presidential candidates go left, the first little side that we just move for.
These are the regions where they do the campaign stops.
Well, you find the 2016 what is the 2020 still going?
Not that everything now, as we said, is that the most in 2016?
Well, the Guitar Guy region, that is multinational companies.
Then in the same light, you look as an entity that guitar craft in the moon's region by two, please, Mr. Kennedy.
They stopped there. And this about they went to market listings.
They went to all other places. We play reading it next.
Is there a central region in eastern region?
Was the next listed most and central region.
Then in 2020, we realised that the volatile region is coming next.
The guitar carrying almost 22 [INAUDIBLE]. That's brilliant.
Now, next, please. Yes, we can.
The next line is. Oh, my fault.
But if you're shooting on this.
What I tried to show you is that we don't have a by the metal picked off corner and that the rigid that the presidential candidates moved to 2016.
Their regions in 2020 create a new region.
So we have sixteen regions and do that the regions where they can make that.
So they get that every day. It is there one that has seen the most.
Campaign stops followed by the eastern region.
In 2015, the treaty printed media data.
I know that they received more campaign stops followed by the Baltic region.
Okay. Yes, this was all under the screen.
And Paul, the. Of Ghana.
Next slide, please. Which is not the type of paint events.
What they did. OK. Yes. The type of campaign event you see from the.
Slide that in this campaign event was released, that a lot of them present all the stops that the plebes big.
It was about holding a rally in twenty twenty.
You still find out that a. Police vans are very important to rallies.
It's a twenty four point one percent and other angle than twenty four point seven percent, which is very relevant.
Most likely is. Yes, this is just a show example of a that might be more on pace to opt out.
I attended Whuffie in the Atlanta region.
This isn't a problem. Leafleted admitted in front of the police shop, indeed of the new book, The Tea Party Darling Coleman.
He's in Tallahassee in the final gun battle there.
The leaflet where all elements carry bits of the area.
Okay. The next slide shows a place like this, like the venom of the campaign event.
Yes. That is a bus is a tea and it's okay.
This was a beautiful. Whereas Camie did when you break the occasion, you see what was exposed.
But it was also a complete mess. And he said there was a diva in on the president and president in his capacity as
the leader of the counterproposals today as the candidate of the governing party.
And it's all about symbolism. OK.
And they us that will we dare compare rallies or debates. Nowadays, there is the president going it alone is in Bruges in the morning.
The worst is that is starting to look pretty bad.
The patrol in the arrival of an unknown and invited guests, including those who come from KBC, see the arrival of the president is done.
Then in the briefcase. It is open and grey out.
The introduction of the GST is a good mark, but it's like I'm idolised by the renowned minister who is the top appointee.
There is a speech by the voters. Look, maybe because the programme was where he agreed.
Mystical was, you know. Was he? Then there is a speech by the Mr Politician with a bullet up on the cheek.
And this a speech by the minister for losing highway squeezable airport.
But. Earlier on in the day, he led the president to inspect gross debt and a adres bias against the president.
The president now introduces a IT and then the president moves commission.
The nickname is a white accomplice. But is because of the campaign stops in is capital.
Distrust is about committing in protest is about the outlawry, new inventions and the rest.
But beneath all of these symbols, in a daily occurrence which is trying to convey it, convey citizens to vote for the next at least.
Applause. So what you see here is a. The police union of Bridget.
Which was the elevated building to news was for my university, then in the block, a plan that the president in his first.
Yes, to my right. The she was the president is then there,
followed by His Majesty 242 with the task of my university and Envisat best listening to the kitchen all the way, the vice chancellor of the investee.
I mean, it's all about symbolism, but of course, it relies on the opportunity that this is a government that is providing development.
If you remove a little. He would get me more of a deal less likely.
Not in it, but then the next light of the or the company intermediaries.
And that if to the raw data that we have in 2016 and 2020.
At 2020. Look at data media is by publishing now authorities.
All right. A lot of them to delete, not the most tippity. Then you look at the 2016.
Again, then that is where very significant. And we love the ideas as others, but is very important in this case.
Quite similar. When the president or a presidential candidate moves into the room in the first
place of all is always a traditional auto policy and embedded there to the prudent.
So you find him us often very, very early even to be mad at all of these people.
But he does the symbolism and the public display of support.
All got endorsement that way. I love to see an Apple rally like that to please the government for the product and all that.
But yes, they are very bullish immediately when it comes to the president.
He's done peacefully. There is all the SEC slide forward.
Next one is that after that, I would think Mitchell. The National Police.
Yes. When it comes to the question of devices that address promises me a lot of it, like delays on to education, health.
All right. If we look at 2016, it was almost the same.
Then next. Well, I mean, the context of 2016 economic loss is very high, which is the group meeting in the context of a 20 point indication.
And it's not surprising that it's very high on the agenda here, because in the last election,
it was one of the major things that most analysts and other commentators like have actually used the issue of the introduction of three R's.
One of the things that one day listening for the incoming indication is coming up strongly at the G20 as they demand health.
So that's very important. Next slide, please.
Now, yet we look at the distributed claims, OK, that these were lightly rated and they did not.
And then more sectional interests, you see, that is all over the public.
If you look at the greatest thing distributed players where by the general public.
Fifty eight percent. You come to a twenty.
Twenty is about eighty three point two percent. This is very simple.
Which is also reinforces the point that my platoon has taken the guy in combat that is not about the promicin.
But it's about providing quality support, the public. And that is why the transmitter of these missiles wasn't.
Yes. And finally, to the concluding remarks, please.
The that like. Yes.
At the recession and its own mobilisation in Africa,
focussed on Corvus sister stream movies and also make linkages with their client, Elastica networks and the rule of voting.
But what we're trying to emphasise here is that we should go beyond these and look at how house shall not be changed.
Well, these generally not well studied, but that was a very important clue.
Essentially, what we're attempting to do here is to contextualise a new way to understand pulldown mobilisation.
And that looking at public mobilisation and linking it to looking at both
campaigns as it is in is a one time event been become almost every four years.
Now, when they come back, in the sense that we find out what was presented here in the context of banner to the parties
with the presidential candidates went across the length and breadth of the country promising.
Public boost. Quite a thoughtful project at commissioning new projects that these needs to be stated and steady in the right.
So this is what I have to present. Thank you so much. Thank you so much, George.
That was really, really fascinating, and I think despite all of your disclaimers about it being a relatively new project,
it sounds like you've actually already done quite a lot of data collection and data analysis.
So that was really interesting to see. I would encourage everyone to ask questions.
But just while people gather their thoughts, I thought I would take advantage of of chairing and maybe ask the first one.
Jeez, I wanted to ask. Well, actually, I'm going to abuse my privileges and ask two questions.
George, if that's all right.