1 00:00:10,980 --> 00:00:19,290 Thank you, Henry. Henrico has been living with these manuscripts for a long time. 2 00:00:20,160 --> 00:00:28,920 I saw my first manuscript from making last week, so I think, please bear with me. 3 00:00:31,840 --> 00:00:36,100 I'm not sure how many people today were at the lecture last night. 4 00:00:37,610 --> 00:00:40,730 I'd be interested to just have a show of hands. Oh, good, good. 5 00:00:41,870 --> 00:00:48,770 So most of you girls will know what I'm going to try and sort of elucidate slightly. 6 00:00:48,980 --> 00:00:58,670 Today we had a fantastic sort of detective story about the identification of this new manuscript, 7 00:00:58,670 --> 00:01:11,810 which has come to the pavilion and that kind of detective work of bringing the three disparate parts back together that had been recently separated. 8 00:01:12,460 --> 00:01:23,360 And I first saw this manuscript last week because Martin and Henry said, Is there any way we can tell whether something's ivory or not? 9 00:01:24,800 --> 00:01:29,450 This, you'll remember from last night is the the plaque. 10 00:01:30,710 --> 00:01:35,060 That had been glued inside the left board, 11 00:01:35,060 --> 00:01:44,780 the upper board of the manuscript at some point in the 19th century to make it look more authentic as a mechanical item. 12 00:01:46,280 --> 00:01:54,110 And it's being reunited, as we heard last night, with the watercolour and shell gold order. 13 00:01:55,750 --> 00:01:59,200 Possible to mount around it today. 14 00:02:00,010 --> 00:02:03,490 So the question came up, can we say anything about it? Is it a high street? 15 00:02:03,670 --> 00:02:14,990 Is it ivory or is it boat? And could the body and Conservation's section answer the question? 16 00:02:15,020 --> 00:02:18,140 Well, no, not really. We don't work on this material very often. 17 00:02:18,170 --> 00:02:24,320 However, I have a minor section on my bookshelf at home on skeletal material, and now they've called it, 18 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:29,839 and we looked at it up in the health space and that's through the microscope. 19 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:33,000 And so I think we can clearly say it is bone. 20 00:02:33,020 --> 00:02:36,049 And I'm going to bow to your better joke yesterday. 21 00:02:36,050 --> 00:02:47,780 We can now say it's an old Dutch cow, probably. So here it is, as it should have been left in place on the interface of the left board. 22 00:02:48,110 --> 00:02:51,259 But I'm just it's quite hard to see, I think, under the VISUALISE. 23 00:02:51,260 --> 00:02:59,130 So I'm just going to show you a couple of photos to tell you why we think it's bone before moving on the move that we've. 24 00:03:08,860 --> 00:03:18,760 So here's a couple of quick photos that have been taken this week of of the plaque now in Oxford. 25 00:03:19,510 --> 00:03:26,379 So you can see, obviously, a lot of engraved, carved plaque on the left. 26 00:03:26,380 --> 00:03:35,210 And here we kind of reverse the back of it doesn't greatly help as it's been highly polished over the years. 27 00:03:35,220 --> 00:03:39,460 So it's hard at first sight to say whether it's bone or ivory. 28 00:03:40,180 --> 00:03:45,340 However, we do know that bone is or I now know being slightly ahead of you in the book. 29 00:03:45,880 --> 00:03:49,530 Bone is a lightweight, hollow material compared to ivory. 30 00:03:49,540 --> 00:03:57,490 So what evidence do we have? And really, it's looking at it in kind of cross section and what marks are on the back. 31 00:03:57,940 --> 00:04:04,960 So if you see a cross section, this is the top page, this gentle curve to it with the lower peaks in the middle. 32 00:04:07,250 --> 00:04:13,760 And the sort of three quarter shot above. You see, there's this dark depression in the middle. 33 00:04:14,090 --> 00:04:18,079 This is the cavity in the centre of the body. 34 00:04:18,080 --> 00:04:21,230 So if you think of bone as a hollow material with spongy material. 35 00:04:21,470 --> 00:04:26,630 Bone marrow. And so in the middle of long bones, but spongy metal material in the middle accommodates. 36 00:04:26,960 --> 00:04:35,410 So this is clearly the cavity from the bone. So first off, it's obviously bone and it also has. 37 00:04:38,730 --> 00:04:44,690 Let me get this right. It also has nutrient for a minor running through it. 38 00:04:44,700 --> 00:04:50,339 So these are traces black or darkish coloured traces that you can see low to the day along. 39 00:04:50,340 --> 00:04:54,260 It has just bits and pieces in the transverse section. 40 00:04:54,270 --> 00:04:57,759 So these are the narrow channels that run through bone carrying nutrients. 41 00:04:57,760 --> 00:05:00,780 So it clearly states bone. Also. 42 00:05:00,780 --> 00:05:09,540 McGregor in his work on bone antler ivory and horn, looking at the technology of skeletal material, 43 00:05:09,900 --> 00:05:17,490 has pointed out that most of these later plaques that were seen to have been used for caskets 44 00:05:19,290 --> 00:05:24,509 are made from or cut from scapula so that your shoulder bones were your shoulder bones, 45 00:05:24,510 --> 00:05:33,209 but probably domesticated animal. And again, in time, it would be interesting to talk to our colleagues at the Ashmolean and Pitt Rivers to say, 46 00:05:33,210 --> 00:05:38,730 can we say, is this domesticated calf or pig or whatever? 47 00:05:39,030 --> 00:05:50,580 But probably if we go back, we can see this gentle curve and all the rather fitting holes of the chap on the right. 48 00:05:50,640 --> 00:05:55,590 You see these slight white areas of highlights. 49 00:05:56,100 --> 00:06:01,860 So we've seen we've got both the evidence of the cavity on the back and the evidence 50 00:06:01,860 --> 00:06:06,160 of the highlight showing is it's quite a thin section and a gentle curving. 51 00:06:06,180 --> 00:06:11,820 So probably scapula the shoulder blade. That's all I can say about that. 52 00:06:11,880 --> 00:06:15,030 But I think we can say it's now own rather an ivory. 53 00:06:29,610 --> 00:06:37,180 I think you have to. Of course. 54 00:06:38,750 --> 00:06:47,240 No good term goes unpunished. So having shown some interest in the phone with them prompted, can we say anything else? 55 00:06:47,510 --> 00:06:53,230 Is there anything, you know, looking at this new manuscript that's coming to the library, can you say anything about it? 56 00:06:53,330 --> 00:07:02,780 The physical state of it. It's interesting that we have here for late medieval manuscripts from 19. 57 00:07:04,290 --> 00:07:10,619 The four examples in Oxford all appear to have early or original findings, 58 00:07:10,620 --> 00:07:16,949 which are something of a rarity in itself, is of high survival rate of early findings. 59 00:07:16,950 --> 00:07:28,710 And at first sight you think binding know whatever it is after 1479, you know, this looks convincing as its first finding. 60 00:07:29,820 --> 00:07:38,370 However, as in Henry, who was explaining the alterations and the changes that were made to this manuscript following 1526. 61 00:07:38,910 --> 00:07:42,209 So scratching his head and thinking, How did they do it? 62 00:07:42,210 --> 00:07:48,780 There's quite a lot cut out. Quite a lot. 14. It's quite an expert cut and paste job really. 63 00:07:49,140 --> 00:07:57,930 And it's I think it became clear that this was planned and executed around about the binding at this point. 64 00:07:58,110 --> 00:08:06,239 So this finding, we can clearly say dates from the time of these major changes to its structure and 65 00:08:06,240 --> 00:08:11,070 therefore the binding itself will help us to date those hopefully in the future. 66 00:08:11,670 --> 00:08:16,680 And that's just. Have a quick look at some of the evidence. 67 00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:23,160 So I put an extra opening in the middle of the 1890, 68 00:08:24,030 --> 00:08:33,270 which so these are the two additional leaves that were added towards the start of the manuscript and with new. 69 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:48,310 With new friends. So if we can see on the left, we've got this crossed through friend that has then been replaced with two leaves on the right. 70 00:08:48,850 --> 00:08:54,760 It is 18 and 19. However, if we go to the next clue, you just why we are here. 71 00:08:55,420 --> 00:09:03,070 It's a slightly open cut to show the climate which is on the back of the second stop. 72 00:09:04,310 --> 00:09:08,240 And we're going to come back. All right. All right. Well, that's good. There is one here as well. 73 00:09:08,730 --> 00:09:12,110 And it's not just that. Maybe. 74 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:21,820 Yeah, but the other. So can we now go to 31 versus 32? 75 00:09:22,240 --> 00:09:30,500 So. Which is at the end of the choir following these two additional leaves. 76 00:09:33,930 --> 00:09:36,990 So what I want to draw your attention to here is. 77 00:09:40,340 --> 00:09:55,310 Acquire signature a three. In this case, this is the last leaf of the post 1479 third column after which you have to take my word for this. 78 00:09:55,670 --> 00:10:06,560 See that cartridge here? This is the stop the conjoint stump of Leaf 19, which is the second leaf of these added. 79 00:10:08,570 --> 00:10:13,070 France that the two leaves are written on single terms. 80 00:10:13,070 --> 00:10:18,350 Both hoped one is hooked around the third choir, the other is hooked around the second choir. 81 00:10:18,650 --> 00:10:23,980 So quite a careful planning of how these leaves are going to be added in. 82 00:10:24,410 --> 00:10:30,800 When I mean, when I say hooked, what I mean is it's a folded stub that goes around the outside of the choir. 83 00:10:31,070 --> 00:10:35,930 It's not held in by these if it's only held in by sewing the choirs together. 84 00:10:36,230 --> 00:10:40,700 When the manuscript has been rebound. So this is clearly to me shows that the. 85 00:10:43,010 --> 00:10:48,110 The vast numbers of changes to this manuscript are planning around revising campaign. 86 00:10:48,920 --> 00:10:57,570 Can we now just go to if you just want to have a look at the work in this patient that you've stores in place so you. 87 00:10:57,580 --> 00:11:05,100 So guess who's who. Can we go to? 88 00:11:07,760 --> 00:11:11,200 Folio. 14, so 15 rectangle. 89 00:11:22,140 --> 00:11:25,770 And the other crucial evidence around this finding is ole. 90 00:11:25,770 --> 00:11:30,300 Ole, on the age of least 15, we see these. 91 00:11:31,740 --> 00:11:34,740 Bits of red ink coming from the other side. 92 00:11:35,100 --> 00:11:40,260 The forage is being folded over carefully before this manuscript was retrieved. 93 00:11:41,190 --> 00:11:47,370 There is text on the other side. They were worried that it was going to get cut off as the manuscript was rebound. 94 00:11:47,580 --> 00:11:50,670 So they folded this in before the accused were retrieved, 95 00:11:51,450 --> 00:11:59,070 which also points out that all of these index tabs again have been added in as part of this review. 96 00:11:59,500 --> 00:12:11,760 So the restructuring of this manuscript following 1526 at some point is part of a careful campaign that also involved its rebounding. 97 00:12:12,330 --> 00:12:22,350 Could we have a look at the actual. We've seen it tantalisingly open and close before. 98 00:12:23,100 --> 00:12:26,150 So very nice manuscript, very nice binding of think. 99 00:12:27,090 --> 00:12:30,450 It has it uses for small tools. 100 00:12:31,050 --> 00:12:37,190 So we've got. A pomegranate, so. 101 00:12:38,470 --> 00:12:42,100 It's a diamond shaped tomb with peaceful low. 102 00:12:43,780 --> 00:12:47,680 Perform a circular thing in the middle of the. 103 00:12:49,170 --> 00:12:52,260 Three circles are kind of cloverleaf to here. 104 00:12:53,340 --> 00:12:56,700 There's an O.G. arch, which is that these sort of. 105 00:12:58,460 --> 00:13:04,370 Failure finials on them and a single roll, which is a thin, thick, thin roll. 106 00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:10,580 So enforcement of one rule of one roll used on this manuscript. 107 00:13:10,580 --> 00:13:15,200 And you'll notice the metal furniture that was also added at this time. 108 00:13:19,620 --> 00:13:28,700 For sure, if any done it from photographs so far. But because Henrik has been madly photographing all of the manuscripts that she's discovered, 109 00:13:29,300 --> 00:13:38,810 these full tools and a role are shared with possibly four other manuscripts from within. 110 00:13:38,870 --> 00:13:44,980 So it will give us a chance to hopefully date these changes by the bindings. 111 00:13:45,270 --> 00:13:52,880 Unfortunately, the pomegranate that we've looked for so far doesn't appear in any of the binding tool databases yet. 112 00:13:55,190 --> 00:13:59,570 Who knows what's in Greenburg and what we'll be able to find, hopefully by looking for. 113 00:14:01,550 --> 00:14:05,209 Printed books. Could we just have the Kindle manuscript? 114 00:14:05,210 --> 00:14:21,070 And that's side by side. Just to show you and this is tool ID in action hasn't been done before putting them side by side. 115 00:14:21,090 --> 00:14:26,430 I've only seen the people one from a distance and a slightly out of focus photo. 116 00:14:26,430 --> 00:14:32,300 So far, I believe it shows the same small souls. 117 00:14:32,640 --> 00:14:36,630 The cable one is interesting. It has an additional role. 118 00:14:43,840 --> 00:14:47,950 So there's well, that's on the outside here. 119 00:14:48,790 --> 00:14:58,030 We've got an additional role that's not seen on the other measures, but we've got this same diamond shape to the same O.G. arch, 120 00:14:58,840 --> 00:15:06,340 and pomegranate is the same triple circle, and there's a pomegranate either on there or the other board. 121 00:15:06,520 --> 00:15:09,490 But again, it seems to match. But again, more work is needed. 122 00:15:09,790 --> 00:15:18,130 The other interesting thing about these is none of them share the same design and none of them seem to share the same design of metal furniture, 123 00:15:18,550 --> 00:15:26,050 which makes you wonder where they all sense at the same time. Is it a workshop, a small workshop with a limited number of tools? 124 00:15:26,050 --> 00:15:31,540 But again, I think there's more work that can be done with the findings. 125 00:15:31,800 --> 00:15:37,630 There's one final thing I'd like to draw attention to, which is only copy and manuscript. 126 00:15:38,290 --> 00:15:46,659 This may be difficult, and we come back to the key both because yes, we can do it the and we can. 127 00:15:46,660 --> 00:15:58,000 Yeah, yeah. So I just yeah. And there's one last thing, which is I think an additional stage of alteration to add into your timeline from last night, 128 00:15:58,510 --> 00:16:05,500 which is this as we see on the left port here, this is road stitch used here. 129 00:16:05,920 --> 00:16:09,790 It has an amateur in here. 130 00:16:09,790 --> 00:16:16,420 So there's a stitched piece of leather within the head of the spine. 131 00:16:17,450 --> 00:16:22,749 If you can just see here, there are very unusual imbalance. 132 00:16:22,750 --> 00:16:28,190 Obviously, we try and. From the fact that we. 133 00:16:31,440 --> 00:16:40,860 So here we see part of a red, natural coloured and black thread braided in bands. 134 00:16:41,310 --> 00:16:54,480 And also there's this red running stitch here, and bands are usually sewn onto the text block or of a manuscript or printed both in the German lines. 135 00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:59,480 You also have stuck on in bands which are worked through a parchment spine lining. 136 00:16:59,580 --> 00:17:04,170 That's a sort of abbreviated method. However, I've never seen anything like this, 137 00:17:04,170 --> 00:17:15,050 which is a separately braided piece of textile that has been tacked on with a red running stitch in a slightly uncomfortable way. 138 00:17:16,110 --> 00:17:25,080 And I wonder if this is again evidence of alteration and continued use of this manuscript within the content. 139 00:17:27,130 --> 00:17:27,700 We finished.