1 00:00:01,320 --> 00:00:11,310 So. Well, thank you for returning. 2 00:00:11,850 --> 00:00:15,140 Uh. Well, I worked at the University of Writing. 3 00:00:15,170 --> 00:00:18,980 I was asked by a colleague about a sentence and the life of Cyprian. 4 00:00:19,340 --> 00:00:23,330 But she could not understand. I could not translate it either. 5 00:00:23,480 --> 00:00:31,730 But I looked at the critical apparatus of bastions and sedition, and saw that the reading printed was absent from all other manuscripts, 6 00:00:32,060 --> 00:00:37,130 and derived from what I produced was a wild correction in the manuscripts. 7 00:00:37,160 --> 00:00:40,940 Now in Oxford thought miscellaneous 4 or 5 one. 8 00:00:40,940 --> 00:00:45,380 And it's in the display case upstairs. If you want to look at it afterwards. 9 00:00:45,860 --> 00:00:53,910 I'll say a bit more about it later. Small amounts of research on this and other manuscripts of the life made me curious. 10 00:00:54,780 --> 00:01:00,690 I realised that the end of the life was found only in Italian manuscripts of the 15th century. 11 00:01:01,690 --> 00:01:10,090 I decided to do more work on the manuscripts, and this work spread out to embrace other texts too, in the separate corpus. 12 00:01:11,220 --> 00:01:16,350 All right. Interesting things to say about many of the scripts that transmit the printed corpus. 13 00:01:16,770 --> 00:01:20,380 But for a 15 minute lecture, I hope we're just going to be 15 minutes. 14 00:01:20,400 --> 00:01:26,430 I'll do my best. It makes sense to focus on just one text and the life. 15 00:01:26,610 --> 00:01:31,310 The life of Cyprian is the one about whose transmission I've got most. 16 00:01:31,320 --> 00:01:38,880 That's new to say. Unlike Seasons, Garlic and Civil Wars, which I spoke about a couple of days ago, 17 00:01:39,180 --> 00:01:44,190 this is the text for which knowledge of the full manuscript tradition will make a difference. 18 00:01:45,300 --> 00:01:49,410 I hope to agitate for the Corpus Christi and or I'm sorry, I Latin. 19 00:01:49,410 --> 00:01:54,240 I have to submit a specimen in a few weeks for the referees, and we'll see if they like it. 20 00:01:55,260 --> 00:02:04,830 So far, I've come across 51 manuscripts that predate the 16th century, and one not an interesting copy from the middle of the 16th century. 21 00:02:05,100 --> 00:02:12,030 And the manuscripts are listed at number one on your handout, and you may want to refer to that. 22 00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:22,170 And you will also want at various points to refer to, to family trees of manuscripts that you can find at the end of the handout. 23 00:02:23,950 --> 00:02:32,530 I hope to show you that it has been possible to do a great deal of what I think is plausible genealogical work on these manuscripts, 24 00:02:32,860 --> 00:02:39,250 and to say something interesting about the trial, interesting to me, anyway, about that transmission. 25 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:49,770 The main existing protocol additions of the live concert parent are those of Hertl and uh, and his additions of the Vienna XC. 26 00:02:50,150 --> 00:02:54,270 Um, like forgot to load up a slide. I'm afraid we have a blank. 27 00:02:54,290 --> 00:03:02,440 Yeah. Um, then another scholar from the German speaking world, Harlock, in 1913. 28 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:08,270 And then. Nikola Pellegrino in 1955. 29 00:03:08,870 --> 00:03:12,410 Bastian Son in 1975. 30 00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:19,399 Also, whose addition at the Corpus of Separate is the first modern addition. 31 00:03:19,400 --> 00:03:25,250 He used only a few manuscripts. Pollack took over the information that he provided. 32 00:03:25,940 --> 00:03:30,980 Pellegrino knew 31 manuscripts and seems to have collated most of them. 33 00:03:32,120 --> 00:03:40,610 Pastor Anson recollected some of the manuscripts used by Pellegrino for the end of the text, which I shall come on to it later. 34 00:03:40,850 --> 00:03:44,960 He took over readings from Pellegrino. None. 35 00:03:45,320 --> 00:03:55,040 None of these scholars, so far as I'm aware, published a rationale for which manuscripts they were using, nor any account of the manuscript tradition. 36 00:03:55,850 --> 00:04:02,090 Pellegrino did promise such a publication, but it appears never to have seen the light of day. 37 00:04:03,510 --> 00:04:14,910 Apart from the general recognition that a manuscript of the 13th century Paris signed US Latin, US 1648 derives from a ninth century Vatican. 38 00:04:15,270 --> 00:04:18,960 Vatican Region insists, uh, what editors call te. 39 00:04:19,560 --> 00:04:24,990 No editor of the life seems to have thought that anyone manuscript derives from any other. 40 00:04:26,490 --> 00:04:36,100 However, several of these manuscripts contain many other works in the Corpus of Cyprian, and from work on these are best viewed in literature. 41 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:40,890 Colonies. Additions of um on the attire of unmarried women. 42 00:04:42,650 --> 00:04:49,820 Came out about five years ago. A few derivations can be transferred, so to speak, across. 43 00:04:51,700 --> 00:05:00,669 At this stage, I want to draw a distinction. Accounts were written in antiquity and the Middle Ages of both saints lives 44 00:05:00,670 --> 00:05:06,249 and saints martyrdom are often confused and the headings of our manuscripts, 45 00:05:06,250 --> 00:05:10,030 but they are not the same thing in the case of Cyprian. 46 00:05:10,180 --> 00:05:16,540 We have both, Pontius says, life, and on account of his martyrdom, not by Pontius. 47 00:05:16,540 --> 00:05:20,740 The martyrdom known either as the patio or the act. 48 00:05:20,750 --> 00:05:28,930 Uh, and, uh, these come in a rather bewildering variety of forms, but taxes the taxonomy. 49 00:05:28,930 --> 00:05:38,230 If you are into saints lives, you may have looked at the Bibliotheca hagiographic La Tiner, which is an index of all Saints lives and their varieties. 50 00:05:38,500 --> 00:05:39,880 They struggle with Cyprian. 51 00:05:40,850 --> 00:05:49,490 All I told acto was here because now it says that this kind could be viewed as minutes of the trial of a martyr before a Roman magistrate. 52 00:05:50,360 --> 00:05:55,309 If you know, for example, mozzarella cheese volume acts of the Christian Martyrs. 53 00:05:55,310 --> 00:06:00,200 To give you an accessible example, published by Oxford Press in 1972. 54 00:06:00,710 --> 00:06:04,910 Number four, on your handout, it is to text like those in that volume. 55 00:06:05,180 --> 00:06:11,860 That's all I am referring. And a version of the actor of Cyprian is published by mozzarella. 56 00:06:12,460 --> 00:06:16,520 It's a brave scholar who tries to edit critically such texts. 57 00:06:16,540 --> 00:06:23,200 And I'm not brave enough ever to try. These are far more complicated than the life I'm talking about today. 58 00:06:24,850 --> 00:06:33,610 Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, was born around 210 A.D. and was martyred on the 14th September 258, 59 00:06:34,060 --> 00:06:38,410 during a time of persecution of Christians ordered by the Emperor Valerian. 60 00:06:39,490 --> 00:06:41,800 The authenticity and date of the life. 61 00:06:42,130 --> 00:06:49,690 The earliest of all Saints lives the life, if you like, but launched a thousand lives and it probably is literally a thousand, 62 00:06:49,690 --> 00:06:54,940 probably more than a thousand saints lives have been written in the history of the Catholic Church, 63 00:06:55,380 --> 00:06:57,820 and the authenticity in date have been disputed, 64 00:06:58,450 --> 00:07:06,130 but it's hard to think that such an apologetic text was written at any time later than in the years immediately after the martyrdom. 65 00:07:06,430 --> 00:07:11,620 Thereafter, um, for later Church fathers, Cyprian name was secure. 66 00:07:13,010 --> 00:07:21,080 In his work on Famous Men, Jerome refers to a deacon upset prone called Pontius who wrote his biography. 67 00:07:22,660 --> 00:07:33,040 A Pontius Cyprian deacon, and during exile with him up to the day of his martyrdom, left an excellent book about Cyprian s life and martyrdom. 68 00:07:35,530 --> 00:07:39,700 Fits in three of the four families of manuscripts that I'm going to talk about. 69 00:07:39,710 --> 00:07:48,910 The life is Anonymous, and the fourth, which describes it to Pontius, is the least reliable and has no witness older than the 12th century. 70 00:07:49,270 --> 00:07:53,290 Scholars have doubted that the life that we have was written by Pontius. 71 00:07:54,070 --> 00:08:01,090 They made those doubters may be right nevertheless, although like the rest of us, Jerome made mistakes. 72 00:08:01,360 --> 00:08:08,350 He was in a better position to know than any modern scholar, and I inclined to accept both that Pontius wrote A Life of Cyprian, 73 00:08:08,860 --> 00:08:16,240 and since it's uneconomical to multiply ancient lives of Cyprian, that he was responsible for the text that we have. 74 00:08:18,420 --> 00:08:24,150 Her. Follow us on. There were only two traces of the text are comparable from later antiquity. 75 00:08:25,050 --> 00:08:30,150 Just some of the phrasing of some of the texts in which Augustine mentioned separates martyrdom. 76 00:08:30,480 --> 00:08:38,710 Recall Pontius live. Second, a life is mentioned and what was once known as the Cheltenham List. 77 00:08:39,220 --> 00:08:44,230 So called because among the manuscripts once owned by Sir Thomas Phillips of Cheltenham, 78 00:08:44,620 --> 00:08:49,300 Theodore Mommsen, found one that included a stick on that track list. 79 00:08:49,920 --> 00:08:57,640 Uh, look at number six on your handout. The list, first of the books of the Bible and then of the works of Cyprian. 80 00:08:58,690 --> 00:09:03,099 That manuscript is now Rome. Maybe I can actually. 81 00:09:03,100 --> 00:09:07,180 Vittorio Emanuele one three, two, five. 82 00:09:07,870 --> 00:09:18,730 And there's a picture there. And where the vitapet probably if you guys have good enough, you should be able to see it with DC after actually. 83 00:09:19,980 --> 00:09:30,450 Pointed out by arrows Mommsen a few years later, found in song to Garland the Bibliotheque, a second manuscript which included the same lists. 84 00:09:31,680 --> 00:09:41,790 Characters. Okay. There are, of course, well known stories about the dealings of both these men with the Portland Library. 85 00:09:42,630 --> 00:09:50,790 In the 1850s, Sir Thomas Phillips offered to give all his manuscripts to the Bodleian in return for being made popular as librarian. 86 00:09:51,940 --> 00:09:56,320 No sensible institution could possibly accept an offer of this kind. 87 00:09:56,800 --> 00:10:04,240 But if you're British or work in personal manuscripts, you cannot but think that refusing this absolutely colossal collection, 88 00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:11,320 now dispersed around the world, was one of the bigger lost opportunities in this library's history. 89 00:10:12,640 --> 00:10:20,800 As for Mommsen, perhaps the greatest classical scholar and scholar and the one I should most like to be if I could be reincarnated. 90 00:10:21,430 --> 00:10:26,130 Ward Fowler in His Attractive Man, was number seven on your handout records. 91 00:10:26,140 --> 00:10:34,840 But at Oxford he was found waiting at the Bodleian at seven in the morning, and indignant when he found that it did not open till nine. 92 00:10:35,140 --> 00:10:41,830 Now I have difficulties getting to the ball, clearly even for 9:00 from Cambridge, because of the cost of train fares. 93 00:10:41,830 --> 00:10:47,139 And if I'm driving, the queues of traffic coming into the parks and right are so huge. 94 00:10:47,140 --> 00:10:48,220 But anyway, 95 00:10:48,670 --> 00:10:57,220 perhaps we should imagine what Mommsen could have achieved in the age of electronic keys and all night openings of college and other libraries. 96 00:10:59,490 --> 00:11:05,370 In both manuscripts. At the end of the list of prints work we see, as you can see in the pictures, um, 97 00:11:05,430 --> 00:11:10,710 the life mentioned, and it is said to be the length of 600 bajillion hexameter. 98 00:11:10,860 --> 00:11:18,390 That is the measure used. It seems unlikely that this could have been any other text than the life that we now have. 99 00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:24,979 The purpose of the list was the recording of the precise length of individual works, because, 100 00:11:24,980 --> 00:11:30,440 according to the heading of the list, booksellers in Rome had been cheating their customers. 101 00:11:32,040 --> 00:11:38,759 Her manuscripts include works that have an African provenance and therefore show what one would anyway have guessed. 102 00:11:38,760 --> 00:11:46,870 That said, prints works were collected first in Africa. Transmission from Africa to Rome and Italy, and thence ultimately to our. 103 00:11:46,890 --> 00:11:52,060 Medieval manuscripts. It's a route that has long been suspected for Latin works written in Africa. 104 00:11:53,090 --> 00:11:58,010 And the comment about Rome in the metric list provide some confirmation of this. 105 00:11:59,550 --> 00:12:08,790 Two of the four families of our manuscripts of the life contain it at all, close to the end of collections of the works of separate. 106 00:12:09,660 --> 00:12:17,399 It seems logical to suppose that they derive from one or more antique collections similar to that described in the stack and back. 107 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:22,260 Track list. As in these two families of manuscripts. 108 00:12:22,260 --> 00:12:26,669 The author of the life is not named in the list. Author. 109 00:12:26,670 --> 00:12:33,390 Up. All from a reference to Pontius Pilate that is lifted from Jerome. 110 00:12:33,420 --> 00:12:37,380 We lose sight of the life of Cyprian until the ninth century. 111 00:12:37,560 --> 00:12:43,290 The date of our earliest manuscript. As I've said, there are four families of manuscripts, 112 00:12:43,650 --> 00:12:49,530 and a curious feature to which I will turn is that three of them have texts that stop before the end of the life, 113 00:12:49,830 --> 00:12:55,200 and I hope that's clear on the handout. If you look at it exactly where the point of stopping is. 114 00:12:55,710 --> 00:13:00,010 I should say that the life is about 25 pages long. 115 00:13:00,030 --> 00:13:02,069 I mean, obviously the amount of Latin depends. 116 00:13:02,070 --> 00:13:09,750 You can get on a page two times on font size and the size about 25 pages of Oxford Classical text or a classicist. 117 00:13:10,960 --> 00:13:14,920 Some of these families have full control of the works of Cyprian. 118 00:13:15,280 --> 00:13:19,300 The other two come in collections of saints lives and passions. 119 00:13:20,420 --> 00:13:21,260 So if you haven't understood, 120 00:13:21,260 --> 00:13:29,300 the Star Connect Trek list suggests that the collections of saints lives were likely to have drawn their text from collections of separate works. 121 00:13:30,050 --> 00:13:35,060 I shall nevertheless begin with these manuscripts from collections of saints lives. 122 00:13:36,620 --> 00:13:40,250 I start with the family of manuscripts that I call Fi. 123 00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:46,669 And if you're not involved in the editing of Latin texts, um, you should perhaps, uh, 124 00:13:46,670 --> 00:13:54,200 be told the Greek letters are often used to reconstruct manuscripts that are now lost from which other manuscripts descend. 125 00:13:55,650 --> 00:13:59,380 Over 39th century manuscripts of the Life of Cyprian. 126 00:14:00,040 --> 00:14:08,570 Among collections of saints, lives belong to it. And inside this family, a manuscript in Trinity College, Dublin. 127 00:14:09,770 --> 00:14:20,660 Um of the 12th century chairs, all insignificant uncorrected errors that the manuscript that editors call f from Paris in the ninth century. 128 00:14:21,470 --> 00:14:24,710 And, uh, that's the best image I have, I'm afraid. 129 00:14:25,010 --> 00:14:30,260 And, uh, it's more of its own. And as I said last time, that is a sure sign of derivation. 130 00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:36,690 In the manuscript the General Tso's call El from Paris. 131 00:14:36,970 --> 00:14:41,420 Just again, all the significant uncorrected errors of the manuscript. 132 00:14:41,430 --> 00:14:49,110 But editors all are and various are from the later ninth century, and again adds more of its own. 133 00:14:49,260 --> 00:14:59,520 It must derive from it. The most recent critical editions know only the portion of this manuscript are in the Vatican, which begins at chapter seven. 134 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:07,130 It is now realised that part of a composite manuscript in Bern contains the missing portion of the life. 135 00:15:07,140 --> 00:15:12,300 So that's one reason why, um, additions need to be brought up to date. 136 00:15:13,310 --> 00:15:16,340 The derivation of the manuscript in Paris from this manuscript. 137 00:15:16,340 --> 00:15:21,710 All is entirely unproblematic, since both came from the IPA flurry. 138 00:15:22,900 --> 00:15:26,380 In which the elder was doubtless source of the younger. 139 00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:31,330 I know if I've got time in my last lecture. Talk about the phenomenon. 140 00:15:31,330 --> 00:15:36,430 There are two manuscripts from the same RBA being related to and copied from each other. 141 00:15:37,980 --> 00:15:45,240 Um, if correct, my conclusion that the Dublin manuscript derives from the one called F is perhaps more interesting, 142 00:15:45,540 --> 00:15:50,159 since F is French and the Dublin manuscript comes from Old Sarum, 143 00:15:50,160 --> 00:15:59,400 the precursor of medieval Salisbury, and many manuscripts came from France to England in the wake of the Norman conquest of England in 1066. 144 00:15:59,850 --> 00:16:04,770 But we, or at least I do not know either how this manuscript came to Old Sarum, 145 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:09,630 or why there are no other English manuscripts that belong to this family. 146 00:16:12,770 --> 00:16:18,200 I turn now to another group of manuscripts, a group that names Pontius as author. 147 00:16:19,330 --> 00:16:26,560 All, but one of which have part have Pontius life of Cyprian as part of a collection of saints lives. 148 00:16:27,550 --> 00:16:34,480 A cardinal, Michela Pellegrino, who, as I've said, collated more manuscripts of the life than anyone before him. 149 00:16:34,900 --> 00:16:38,530 You three manuscripts in this, uh, set? 150 00:16:38,890 --> 00:16:42,100 Um, those in Milan's Biblioteca Ambrosiano. 151 00:16:42,740 --> 00:16:46,720 The one in Rome's Angelika. I have a picture. 152 00:16:48,890 --> 00:16:56,520 And a manuscript in Paris. Like swiftly, I was able to add those in Lincoln. 153 00:16:58,770 --> 00:17:02,080 Was Lincoln Cathedral manuscript and. 154 00:17:03,260 --> 00:17:07,060 Rather horrid thing in Oxford. I'm Saint John. 155 00:17:07,100 --> 00:17:14,930 I'm grateful to the Librarian of Saint John's supplying me with unlimited like short notice, as I only had a photocopy for. 156 00:17:16,080 --> 00:17:20,400 Um, for a long time, I found this manuscript something of a bore. 157 00:17:20,460 --> 00:17:25,350 They share a very large number of mistakes and in general have very similar texts. 158 00:17:25,710 --> 00:17:33,060 So they must all derive from a common source. But the volume of mistakes makes them extremely tedious to collate. 159 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:36,930 And I had no very interesting story to tell about them. 160 00:17:37,350 --> 00:17:42,120 I could merely observe that the manuscript down the road in Saint John's, written in England, 161 00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:48,450 shared a very few innovations with the manuscript in Lincoln also, I presume, written in England. 162 00:17:50,260 --> 00:17:53,050 Things change. May in the spring of last year. 163 00:17:53,730 --> 00:18:01,059 I yeah, I sort of been messing around one evening on the internet and then I thought moment as one sometimes does, 164 00:18:01,060 --> 00:18:08,460 when one should be doing other things. I discovered that there was a manuscript of Pontius in Grenoble. 165 00:18:10,650 --> 00:18:14,250 I apologise for the slides, for the quality of the image. 166 00:18:14,550 --> 00:18:18,650 Um, this was what the library initially supplied me as a scan of it. 167 00:18:18,660 --> 00:18:26,790 I asked for a better image for these lectures, but they said the binding of the manuscript didn't allow them to put it under suitable camera. 168 00:18:27,660 --> 00:18:31,530 And a few weeks later, I discovered that there was one in to lose. 169 00:18:32,750 --> 00:18:35,000 Both manuscripts belong to this family, 170 00:18:35,660 --> 00:18:43,030 and I found an article about the wall in Toulouse which claimed that it was produced for reading to monks in the refectory, 171 00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:51,110 which I don't get out of the Charterhouse, and I apologise to anyone French for my pronunciation of Notre-Dame de Belle Vue to say, 172 00:18:51,770 --> 00:18:58,820 and that it derived from the manuscript in Grenoble, which, as you will see, I don't doubt, though actually no textual proof was cited. 173 00:19:00,120 --> 00:19:05,670 More importantly, this article made me focus on something that I should have thought about earlier. 174 00:19:06,580 --> 00:19:14,430 Like many manuscripts in Grenoble, it came from La Grand Chartreuse, the Great Charterhouse near Grenoble. 175 00:19:15,090 --> 00:19:20,880 That's a slide I managed to get for you. One of those firms which advertise such things on the internet. 176 00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:27,840 A cartoon is here. An order of monks was founded in 1084 by Bruno of Cologne. 177 00:19:28,110 --> 00:19:34,950 When Bishop Hugh of Grenoble offered him this site in the mountains, your order spread fast over Europe, 178 00:19:35,460 --> 00:19:40,530 and I realised that almost all the manuscripts in this group had Cartesian connections. 179 00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:47,700 Hello, I'm Ambrosiano, P33 and Ferriero is part of a legendary from the Cartesian monastery. 180 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:52,979 A vowel sound two. Gone. It's a boy not far from Grenoble, Rome. 181 00:19:52,980 --> 00:19:59,090 Angelika one, two, six, nine comes from the Cartesian monastery and Sam Morris on valley. 182 00:19:59,700 --> 00:20:04,140 Hellos. Um. 1162. From what I just said, it came from. 183 00:20:04,500 --> 00:20:13,290 And the manuscript in Saint John's, although written in England in the 16th century, contains Cartesian texts written as an unknown location. 184 00:20:15,400 --> 00:20:24,340 Really the thread that links all these manuscripts is that Cartesian connection, even better than all the other manuscripts in the family, 185 00:20:24,490 --> 00:20:34,270 are certainly or could be later than the one in Grenoble, and they share all its errors in the life of Cyprian and other and others of their own. 186 00:20:34,780 --> 00:20:42,190 Generally only a few of the Cartesian so their source may have been corrupt seem to have copied it very accurately. 187 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:51,280 I've said nothing so far about the manuscript in Lincoln Cathedral, but it too can be made beautifully to fit the story. 188 00:20:52,120 --> 00:20:59,620 A note in the medieval catalogue of manuscripts given to Lincoln Cathedral refers to a small collection of manuscripts given by Shu. 189 00:20:59,650 --> 00:21:03,160 This is a different view, but perhaps named after the first two. 190 00:21:03,790 --> 00:21:08,800 Later sun, Bishop of Lincoln, who lived from 1140 to 1200. 191 00:21:09,460 --> 00:21:12,460 Amongst which was a collection of saints lives. 192 00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:20,290 Almost certainly a manuscript due, born at Avalon in France, became first a Benedictine monk, 193 00:21:20,620 --> 00:21:24,640 but later moved to La Grande Chartreuse and became a Cartesian. 194 00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:30,700 I put part of the account of his first sighting of Grenoble on your handout at number eight. 195 00:21:31,950 --> 00:21:41,020 Used to contemplate and then his contemplation to marvel at this place, it its setting almost sitting above the clouds and touching the heavens. 196 00:21:41,410 --> 00:21:44,620 Utterly remove from all the disturbance of earthly matters. 197 00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:50,230 In that place he thought that there was the chance to free oneself to God alone. 198 00:21:50,640 --> 00:22:00,700 Which task? The very rich supply of books, the ample opportunity to read, and the undisturbed silence of prayer seemed particularly to offer support. 199 00:22:02,760 --> 00:22:11,040 I don't ski, but those of you who do may have visited the chakras and may have a better sense of how that description works. 200 00:22:12,300 --> 00:22:17,670 From France, Hugh came to England, where he founded the charter House at Witham in Somerset. 201 00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:24,419 Whether the Lincoln manuscript was copied in France or England, I do not know, but plainly. 202 00:22:24,420 --> 00:22:31,410 Here is a copy of Pontius Life, a set derived from the wall in Grenoble, of which it is a very accurate descendant. 203 00:22:32,670 --> 00:22:39,390 And as I said, I hope to return to my first lecture to say something about monastic lines of descent. 204 00:22:41,490 --> 00:22:46,710 I turn now to the families of manuscripts that belong to collections, upset separate work, 205 00:22:47,220 --> 00:22:54,120 and use a symbol on the sign for Greek theatre to denote the first family that I consider. 206 00:22:55,400 --> 00:23:01,309 Its most obvious characteristic is that its text stops at chapter 15, section four, 207 00:23:01,310 --> 00:23:08,930 with the words at the London, and that is about four three quarters or 4/5 of the way through the line. 208 00:23:10,330 --> 00:23:15,290 Most of this family is not extant, but it must predate the ninth century. 209 00:23:15,310 --> 00:23:18,340 The date of its earliest member. 210 00:23:19,240 --> 00:23:23,530 From this lost manuscript creature that seems to have been two lines of descent. 211 00:23:24,280 --> 00:23:30,490 One you can follow. Um, not yet on the family tree, but I hope it's laid out on number one of the handout. 212 00:23:30,760 --> 00:23:33,490 One line led to four extant manuscripts. 213 00:23:33,520 --> 00:23:41,470 Um, a manuscript called te at the Russian emphasis in the Vatican and the descendant in Paris I mentioned at the beginning. 214 00:23:42,160 --> 00:23:46,960 Um, this manuscript, um, the Russian ancestor comes from Lord. 215 00:23:48,770 --> 00:23:55,280 Um. Second oldest manuscript in the family is Lord miscellaneous for five one. 216 00:23:55,280 --> 00:24:02,170 The manuscript outside that I mentioned earlier, which editors of the text have called age. 217 00:24:02,180 --> 00:24:10,460 It was written in France, northeast France. And then there's a much younger member of this branch in Berlin and the Hamilton Collection, 218 00:24:10,730 --> 00:24:13,910 an Italian manuscript at the second half of the 15th century. 219 00:24:14,660 --> 00:24:19,550 It derives from a lost manuscript that resembled the one that you have. 220 00:24:19,710 --> 00:24:29,830 Yeah. Just partly a manuscript, which I've already mentioned in connection with the question asked me years ago by a colleague in writing, um, 221 00:24:29,840 --> 00:24:36,320 is in many ways a horrid thing, and the part that covers the life of Cyprian less so in other parts, 222 00:24:36,830 --> 00:24:40,520 since it has been subject to much correction and erasure. 223 00:24:41,180 --> 00:24:44,420 Some instance of website and we can see on. 224 00:24:49,220 --> 00:24:54,920 And express the sorry, I forgot to move on the slides which are to various manuscript T. 225 00:24:56,410 --> 00:25:02,950 Uh, it's um, uh, right. And you can see in the red circles, uh, some of their ratio is. 226 00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:11,010 In theory, it has strong claims for use by an actor turned has been used. 227 00:25:11,280 --> 00:25:15,030 But in practice it often offers only corroborative help. 228 00:25:15,630 --> 00:25:20,590 One sees that there is a mistake in the region in session two. 229 00:25:20,610 --> 00:25:23,610 Let's go back and look at that. 230 00:25:25,250 --> 00:25:33,230 And one. And one finds a erasure or a correction at the same spot in the Oxford manuscript. 231 00:25:33,300 --> 00:25:36,710 So one concludes that the stake went back beyond tea. 232 00:25:37,490 --> 00:25:40,950 But the actual error is often obscured in the Oxford. 233 00:25:42,330 --> 00:25:46,200 Berlin manuscript is unproblematic to read, but it would be a bonus. 234 00:25:46,470 --> 00:25:48,310 But it's slightly contaminated. 235 00:25:48,330 --> 00:25:57,600 A text has some readings from elsewhere, not many, and it will be a bold editor who used it, rather than a manuscript that is 500 years earlier. 236 00:26:00,420 --> 00:26:10,319 Manuscript stood at the head of the second line of descent from theta is also lost, but is produced a much larger family, 1% unnoticed. 237 00:26:10,320 --> 00:26:13,950 The manuscript in the history shows archive in Cologne. 238 00:26:14,730 --> 00:26:17,450 I learnt about it first in 2008. 239 00:26:17,460 --> 00:26:25,530 It's embarrassing how long I've been working, um, on and off on this text, but did not get round to writing off for a microfilm. 240 00:26:25,530 --> 00:26:29,700 And then 2008 one. Still, at least I still bought my forms. 241 00:26:30,710 --> 00:26:37,730 Then, at 1:58 p.m. on the 3rd of March 2009, disaster struck, 242 00:26:38,150 --> 00:26:47,030 but history shows archive collapsed as a result of work on Cologne's new underground well, then new underground system, and the site was flooded. 243 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:53,390 It was a plan to recreate the holdings of the art from microfilms and post them on the internet. 244 00:26:53,900 --> 00:26:58,430 But nothing appeared for years, and I feared that the manuscript was lost. 245 00:26:59,470 --> 00:27:08,590 However, in the spring of last year, I did notice that images from microfilm had appeared on the website of the newly rebuilt archive. 246 00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:12,550 And here is an example of one such page. 247 00:27:15,630 --> 00:27:18,660 And. Well, I wrote to the archive a few weeks ago. 248 00:27:18,660 --> 00:27:26,670 Um, a concrete kind of told me that the manuscript has been recovered, although the state of its preservation is uncertain. 249 00:27:27,480 --> 00:27:33,420 Now, my initial excitement of being able to collate this manuscript, having collated most of the others many years previously, 250 00:27:33,540 --> 00:27:38,970 was soon tempered by the fact that it often contains some quite wild, progressive corruptions. 251 00:27:39,980 --> 00:27:45,840 Remaining money and. The remaining manuscripts on this branch are listed on your handout. 252 00:27:45,880 --> 00:27:54,370 The manuscript in our US is French. The manuscript in Madrid was probably written in Spain, or nearly in Spain at Perpignan. 253 00:27:54,730 --> 00:27:58,900 All the others are Italian and date from the 15th century. 254 00:27:59,470 --> 00:28:04,870 That's what Caesar writes with Italian. 90 scripts that I have in many ways been most concerned. 255 00:28:05,970 --> 00:28:13,170 How did this family to which the three earliest witnesses on North European arrive in Italy? 256 00:28:14,610 --> 00:28:24,030 Sorry that I should like to tell goes like this. All these Italian manuscripts, none of which is likely to have been written before 1440. 257 00:28:24,560 --> 00:28:28,020 Like most of their Cyprian works from elsewhere. 258 00:28:29,450 --> 00:28:36,440 They add by way of appendix several texts, including The Life of Cyprian, not found in their usual source. 259 00:28:37,430 --> 00:28:45,230 A grid five, five, six, nine contains all the works that found their way into these appendices and what is more, 260 00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:49,940 as a text strikingly like that found in the Italian manuscripts. 261 00:28:51,770 --> 00:29:01,710 It has a colour form. That says that it was copied in 1416 for Cardinal Alfonso Carrillo to Albornoz. 262 00:29:01,730 --> 00:29:08,060 Excuse my pronunciation again from a manuscript owned by anti Pope Benedict the 13th. 263 00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:13,180 Luna, who in 1416 was established by Puppy Mill. 264 00:29:14,310 --> 00:29:21,690 Alfonso Carrillo to Albornoz spent most of his life between 1418 and 1434, in Italy, 265 00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:28,500 especially in Bologna and Rome, which are the two cities from which many of the Italian manuscripts hail from. 266 00:29:28,920 --> 00:29:35,880 He was in a papal ambassador or envoy. He was in contact with such literary figures as Palo Alto. 267 00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:41,220 His books are likely to have travelled with him and could have been used as exemplars. 268 00:29:42,370 --> 00:29:47,769 I've not yet finished collating all the works that appear in these appendices. 269 00:29:47,770 --> 00:29:52,630 And um, other than the lie, perhaps only about two thirds of the total volume, 270 00:29:52,930 --> 00:29:59,050 but I found that the Italian manuscripts both have all the significant errors of the Madrid manuscript, 271 00:29:59,380 --> 00:30:02,350 and share errors with each other against the Madrid. 272 00:30:03,640 --> 00:30:10,060 In other words, I want to believe that they all derive via a lost intermediary from them a trade manuscript. 273 00:30:11,290 --> 00:30:16,060 If true, this would be an extremely neat and satisfying story, 274 00:30:16,840 --> 00:30:23,350 and I sure that here something that will be important when I come to discuss Cortona 36. 275 00:30:24,130 --> 00:30:27,620 This group of manuscripts have the actor proconsul aura. 276 00:30:27,640 --> 00:30:31,600 That's the account of separate trial not written by Pontius. 277 00:30:31,990 --> 00:30:35,290 Immediately after that truncated text of the life. 278 00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:40,510 Perhaps a sense too, in a sense, to complete a life which was truncated. 279 00:30:41,740 --> 00:30:45,760 Uh, in these manuscripts, there is no break between the two. 280 00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:56,620 I'll say a bit more about these Italian manuscripts now in the Life of Cyprian and other text that I've inspected the manuscript in Augsburg, 281 00:30:56,620 --> 00:31:03,610 which I regret I've got no picture of, has the decoration characteristic of Ferrara that I talked about two days ago? 282 00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:11,890 Ferrara, and also used in Bologna, unshared all the errors of the manuscript in Bologna at the time, listed two, three, six, four. 283 00:31:12,280 --> 00:31:22,180 And that's more of its own. And the manuscript in Bologna has no decoration, such as all the errors of a manuscript in the Vatican. 284 00:31:22,870 --> 00:31:35,510 We all. Contact more of its own, and the Vatican manuscript, which you can see up the shares all the errors of one in Berlin. 285 00:31:36,860 --> 00:31:43,880 And it's more of it. Uh. In other words, we have a chain of four manuscripts, one deriving from the next. 286 00:31:44,270 --> 00:31:47,089 And I can't resist observing that. 287 00:31:47,090 --> 00:31:54,950 Previous editors have cited both the Bologna manuscript and the Vatican manuscript when they are entirely derivative. 288 00:31:56,730 --> 00:32:03,600 And if you are not involved in editing texts, uh, if a manuscript is copied from another manuscript, 289 00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:10,500 it cannot possibly have anything worthwhile unless it's a guess by the scribe that isn't found in the early 90s. 290 00:32:12,760 --> 00:32:21,250 Um. I've got a further story to tell about the Cortona manuscript in this family, but I'm going to postpone it for a few minutes. 291 00:32:22,090 --> 00:32:30,249 Um. The trade manuscript and its Italian relatives interest me from the point of view of the transmission of the text, 292 00:32:30,250 --> 00:32:38,050 and because one can create this nice genealogical story, but I don't think that they have any access, 293 00:32:38,350 --> 00:32:41,919 particularly to truth that isn't found in other manuscripts. 294 00:32:41,920 --> 00:32:48,309 And so when I edit the text, I don't intend to use them except for any guesses that they might have. 295 00:32:48,310 --> 00:32:50,860 What I sense was unclear and corrupt. 296 00:32:53,250 --> 00:33:01,650 I turn now to my fourth family of manuscripts, which I've given for reasons that will become clear as a black Greek letter pi two. 297 00:33:02,370 --> 00:33:07,499 They have the whole text. They are the only family that has the whole text of the life. 298 00:33:07,500 --> 00:33:14,760 They contain its end. And yet these two contain a large corpus of works of Cyprian. 299 00:33:14,880 --> 00:33:18,690 And the life written by Pontius comes towards their end. 300 00:33:20,830 --> 00:33:26,410 Scholars who worked on the text of the Cyprian corpus had seen that several of them were related to each other, 301 00:33:27,010 --> 00:33:32,889 but had said little that was of interest about manuscript. 302 00:33:32,890 --> 00:33:41,170 Most studies was the one now housed in Munich, and you can see it listed to number one if your hand up, for the simple reason. 303 00:33:41,410 --> 00:33:48,370 But in the great days of German classical and patristic scholarship, German scholars had an understandable and, 304 00:33:48,370 --> 00:33:55,600 given the cost and difficulty of travel forgivable tendency to concentrate on manuscripts in German speaking lands. 305 00:33:57,100 --> 00:34:05,890 Any of these manuscripts was transformed by a splendid article written by Carlo Maria Montale at the Universitat Catolica of Milan. 306 00:34:06,580 --> 00:34:16,380 That's number ten on your handout. She noticed that in the catalogue of the books of the Library of Pontos, her chosen abbey not near Ferrara. 307 00:34:16,920 --> 00:34:21,000 The catalogue was composed around 1093. 308 00:34:21,810 --> 00:34:29,970 There is an entry that you can see either on your handout or on the slide of the relevant folio. 309 00:34:32,580 --> 00:34:37,590 The castle is now in Montana, in the Biblioteca Estancia. 310 00:34:38,100 --> 00:34:46,320 And, um, it says number ten gamma Books of Cyprian, 81 treatises and letters. 311 00:34:46,350 --> 00:34:54,749 And then it also lists the treatise on the um, lack of belief of the Jews written to us, which is regarded as spurious, 312 00:34:54,750 --> 00:35:05,070 and the um thus is written by Um Yohannes on the corner of On the Meal of Cyprian, which is a spurious text. 313 00:35:06,630 --> 00:35:13,950 No surviving manuscript with these contents is old enough to have been written before, around, or before 1093. 314 00:35:14,610 --> 00:35:20,670 But Monty demonstrated that the same contents are found in three manuscripts of the 15th century. 315 00:35:22,380 --> 00:35:26,230 In Turin, Rome and Munich went. 316 00:35:28,240 --> 00:35:31,420 Here is a picture of the one in Rome. 317 00:35:32,410 --> 00:35:44,010 Counterterrorism. And. Although several other manuscripts of Cyprian close with the treaties at Waco, 318 00:35:44,010 --> 00:35:52,649 Leon and the count Mr. Neal of Cyprian, only these have both this sequence and version. 319 00:35:52,650 --> 00:35:58,710 A keener, um thought Yohannes darkness, otherwise known as Giovanni and Monitor, 320 00:35:59,100 --> 00:36:04,590 worked into reworked into verse and completed at Monte Cassino in eight, seven, six. 321 00:36:05,490 --> 00:36:11,940 Furthermore, each of these manuscripts opens with an index that is numbered 1 to 81. 322 00:36:12,820 --> 00:36:17,400 Number 80 is the spurious treatise on the Two Mountains. 323 00:36:17,760 --> 00:36:24,600 A number 81 is called a conversion of some Cyprian, by which the life of Cyprian must be meant. 324 00:36:25,890 --> 00:36:36,540 Three manuscripts must. These are the three I listed earlier as they are must reproduce the contents of the manuscript that was catalogued upon. 325 00:36:36,570 --> 00:36:45,550 Those are. Alright, so that's another manuscript, Vatican City, but to call us Latin, US 197. 326 00:36:45,970 --> 00:36:50,710 That's the same sequence of text as that found in the three manuscripts just mentioned, 327 00:36:51,070 --> 00:36:57,190 except that at the end of the corpus, it ends with Pontius Live and omits some spurious works. 328 00:36:57,910 --> 00:36:59,920 It too has an index at the front. 329 00:37:00,670 --> 00:37:08,830 It differs in having been written perhaps two decades earlier on tips up there for whatever texts in the Qur'anic corpus, 330 00:37:09,100 --> 00:37:14,290 but a connoisseur telling us that while nine seven and its descendants have been collated. 331 00:37:14,740 --> 00:37:21,010 They've been found to have a text very like that found in the manuscripts now in Turin, Rome and Munich. 332 00:37:21,550 --> 00:37:26,230 And she rightly argued that they, too must derive from the pompous manuscript. 333 00:37:27,960 --> 00:37:32,220 How did this composer manuscript come to light in the 15th century? 334 00:37:33,250 --> 00:37:39,070 Until she wrote her article jointly with Antonio Manfredi, who supplied its second part. 335 00:37:40,150 --> 00:37:47,400 He's long been the world authority on Pope Nicholas the Fair, previously known as tomato per into Chile, 336 00:37:47,650 --> 00:37:51,340 the first humanist pope and the founder of the Vatican Library. 337 00:37:52,420 --> 00:37:58,630 I'm pretty sure it's apparent to Charlie visited pom poms at first, almost certainly in 1428. 338 00:37:59,800 --> 00:38:10,060 Letter calling us Latin. US 197 belongs to power, and to Charlie, and his annotations on it seem to date from 1438 and 1439. 339 00:38:11,210 --> 00:38:18,410 It has four extant descendants on his list of the tiniest 198. 340 00:38:18,890 --> 00:38:24,590 A deluxe production design for the new Papal Library that parent to Chelsea's Pope, 341 00:38:24,590 --> 00:38:30,830 established and decorated in a style similar to other manuscripts that were produced by the library. 342 00:38:32,080 --> 00:38:37,659 A second is a lullaby to Carlos Latinus, a collection of saints lives. 343 00:38:37,660 --> 00:38:42,790 But here drawing, its a life of prayer, not from another known script containing saints lives, 344 00:38:43,240 --> 00:38:48,490 but from our own to Tell is a manuscript of the Collected Works of Cyprian. 345 00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:55,000 It too was produced until illuminated for the New Vatican Library in a rather different style. 346 00:38:55,690 --> 00:38:59,140 A third is a Palatine manuscript in the Vatican. 347 00:38:59,740 --> 00:39:04,910 Unlike decorated at Naples, whether it was written in Rome and decorated at Naples. 348 00:39:04,960 --> 00:39:11,770 I mean this possibility, and a fourth line of descent, is represented by the printed editions, 349 00:39:11,770 --> 00:39:20,050 of which the first that I've been able to discover was made as late as 1553, which is extraordinarily late for a first edition. 350 00:39:21,140 --> 00:39:28,320 Rest of set prints. Work sets. Um hum. Uh um uh, well, most of the rest in the 40s, early 1470s. 351 00:39:30,220 --> 00:39:36,340 In fact, one can show that a large number of other manuscripts derive from the lost pompoms, a manuscript. 352 00:39:37,540 --> 00:39:45,760 Monty found diversified version of the cane a prairie in several manuscripts that also contained the life in Salamanca. 353 00:39:45,790 --> 00:39:53,860 If you look at your handout, San Daniela, Turin and another Turin library and another Vatican manuscript. 354 00:39:55,010 --> 00:39:59,210 I've collated these manuscripts in several texts in this corpus, 355 00:39:59,420 --> 00:40:08,450 and in all I found that the sound daily tally 80 manuscripts shares all the errors of the manuscript in Salamanca and adds more of its own. 356 00:40:09,290 --> 00:40:15,380 Therefore, the Santo Santana early manuscript ought to derive from the manuscript in Salamanca. 357 00:40:16,400 --> 00:40:21,230 Which is a characteristic product of a small but very interesting collection. 358 00:40:22,740 --> 00:40:26,430 Humanist qual aereo da tenure. A very minor humanist. 359 00:40:26,640 --> 00:40:29,790 Left his collection of manuscripts to his home town. 360 00:40:29,790 --> 00:40:38,220 Son Daniel et al. For you like which is best known to Italians who don't work on humanist manuscripts for its ham. 361 00:40:39,670 --> 00:40:44,200 His Biblioteca Chewbacca is consequently known as the Biblioteca Chewbacca. 362 00:40:44,230 --> 00:40:49,780 Well they're young. Any of Canarias manuscripts were produced in Padua, 363 00:40:49,810 --> 00:40:57,370 and therefore they often provide a guide to the kind of text that circulated in part of our in the around 1450s and early. 364 00:40:59,220 --> 00:41:04,020 However, there was a problem. So periodic scholars say that the Salamanca manuscript, 365 00:41:04,020 --> 00:41:10,200 obviously not written in Salamanca but taken there later, was written late in the 15th century. 366 00:41:10,320 --> 00:41:19,890 But the son Daniel appears in catalogues and fallen areas, books made in 1461, and Canario himself died in 1466. 367 00:41:20,640 --> 00:41:26,160 I therefore propose a redacting of the Salamanca manuscript, and here is in it, 368 00:41:26,610 --> 00:41:32,100 so that you can decide whether for yourselves, yourselves whether that is plausible or not. 369 00:41:34,400 --> 00:41:42,740 And the two other manuscripts, and this part of the family tree from the children on the CG collection in the Vatican are eclectic books, 370 00:41:42,740 --> 00:41:47,570 which I should have put a slide in of the children, which I have, and I apologise for not having done so. 371 00:41:48,230 --> 00:41:55,520 Uh, which, uh, are striking because they represent the first time in which virtually everything that 372 00:41:55,520 --> 00:42:01,399 anyone in the Middle Ages and Renaissance had ascribed to Cyprian were collected together, 373 00:42:01,400 --> 00:42:04,790 including some quite rare texts. Um. 374 00:42:05,940 --> 00:42:13,200 In other parts. Some other parts of the corpus that are closely related to the San Salamanca and San Antonio manuscripts, 375 00:42:13,710 --> 00:42:17,210 but I've generally been regarded as independent of them. 376 00:42:17,220 --> 00:42:25,200 I am not quite so sure that I wonder whether actually a children one derived from the one in San Daniel, 377 00:42:25,290 --> 00:42:28,730 but it becomes is too complicated to expound aurally. 378 00:42:29,620 --> 00:42:36,010 I'm going to go on to a more significant manuscript in the Ambrosiano in Milan. 379 00:42:37,480 --> 00:42:50,530 He won three one in February. It has, for the most part, um, a collection of separate networks that, like many other Italian manuscripts of Cyprian. 380 00:42:50,990 --> 00:42:58,580 Um, derives from a manuscript that doesn't contain the life in Turin of the 12th century. 381 00:42:58,580 --> 00:43:03,320 And there is a picture that's one of the most productive and important of Italian manuscripts. 382 00:43:05,130 --> 00:43:12,360 But it has an appendix of mine of works not found in the story manuscript. 383 00:43:12,570 --> 00:43:14,910 And these include the Life of Cyprian. 384 00:43:16,100 --> 00:43:24,980 It's text of the life contains some, but not all, the Arrows of Power to Chalice manuscript that I showed earlier. 385 00:43:25,340 --> 00:43:30,990 And so one concludes that the two manuscripts probably derived from a shared lost copy, 386 00:43:31,550 --> 00:43:37,340 probably parental Shelley made or had made since he was grant enough to have other people to do the work for him. 387 00:43:37,670 --> 00:43:41,660 A rough copy of Upon Post, a manuscript from which both derive. 388 00:43:42,600 --> 00:43:51,600 This Ambrosiano manuscript belonged to a friend of power and to Francesco Pixel Passa, who lived from 1375 to 1443. 389 00:43:52,110 --> 00:43:56,520 He was Bishop of Pavia and subsequently Archbishop of Milan. 390 00:43:58,170 --> 00:44:02,520 There is his manuscript of September with Melanie's declaration on it. 391 00:44:03,360 --> 00:44:09,689 Many of El Paso's manuscripts, most of which almost all of which are now in the Ambrosiano in Milan, 392 00:44:09,690 --> 00:44:13,230 were used as exemplars, and this one is no exception. 393 00:44:14,450 --> 00:44:24,560 And what I'm about to say would have been useful for previous editors of the text, both of the Cyprian corpus in general and of this text. 394 00:44:25,440 --> 00:44:34,220 Um, I've listed another Ambrosiano manuscript with the signal on AA197 and a manuscript in Jerusalem. 395 00:44:34,400 --> 00:44:38,870 There are both copies of it. Um, I don't need to say anything much about them, 396 00:44:38,870 --> 00:44:47,120 except that the striking feature of this other ambrosia on the manuscript is that its scribe is known for just one thing he signed three manuscripts, 397 00:44:47,120 --> 00:44:52,380 all copied from manuscripts of pizza and other. Um. 398 00:44:53,990 --> 00:44:59,840 Got a fourth. Sorry, a third. Here in Florence's Riccardi are in the library. 399 00:44:59,840 --> 00:45:04,430 A less well known library in the lower right corner, but full of interesting material. 400 00:45:04,940 --> 00:45:16,549 A number 305 is described by Dirks and his addition of Cyprian letters as a manuscript that contains some of the texts of Turin 8437, 401 00:45:16,550 --> 00:45:21,110 which is that 12th century manuscript that I mentioned earlier. 402 00:45:22,130 --> 00:45:30,290 Um, and was the source of Pete's El Paso manuscript and does likewise having an appendix, in fact. 403 00:45:31,750 --> 00:45:35,830 It is the last portion of. 404 00:45:36,720 --> 00:45:40,440 Um, a copy of Pete's El Paso's manuscript. 405 00:45:41,440 --> 00:45:47,830 Um, and that is revealed by the word a, and I hope I've put the right slide. 406 00:45:48,010 --> 00:45:53,710 Um. Um, yes, I can you can see it brings up the top, uh, of the same author. 407 00:45:53,890 --> 00:45:58,900 It's clearly, uh, lost its beginning, which no one seems to have pointed out. 408 00:45:58,900 --> 00:46:03,940 And that stands for upset prayer. And it's a letter set for him with which it begins. 409 00:46:04,720 --> 00:46:12,190 This man where this manuscript was copied to. I showed it years ago to, um, some people who couldn't place its handwriting. 410 00:46:12,190 --> 00:46:15,610 Someone even wondered if it was Swiss, which would be a possibility, 411 00:46:15,610 --> 00:46:20,800 as I shall talk about Basel in my fifth letter, and peaceful person went to Basel. 412 00:46:21,310 --> 00:46:31,250 Anyway, it found its way to Florence, where it is now, and from there it came into the possession of a character known as Frota Evangelist, 413 00:46:31,450 --> 00:46:36,550 a monk from Cortona, about whom we do not know an enormous amount. 414 00:46:37,390 --> 00:46:46,330 And for long most of what we did know about his books was owed to the late Tillie de la mer, friend and teacher of some of you present. 415 00:46:46,900 --> 00:46:53,320 But for those of you who did not know her, the greatest ever palaeography of 15th century Italian manuscripts. 416 00:46:55,030 --> 00:47:01,780 Dilemma identified the signature of three evangelists on several Florentine manuscripts now in London. 417 00:47:02,590 --> 00:47:08,169 He observed that he seemed often to employ the services of the scribe or Marlowe's uh, 418 00:47:08,170 --> 00:47:13,510 foretell in Latin, which I hope is accurately translated as Herman of f. 419 00:47:13,510 --> 00:47:21,470 What? There were many German scribes who worked in Italy in this period, who took an interest in manuscripts of Cyprian, 420 00:47:21,800 --> 00:47:27,560 and hence was able to recognised evangelists as marks of possession on this manuscript. 421 00:47:28,430 --> 00:47:34,820 She also recognised evangelist as hand in a manuscript in the Fitzwilliam Museum of Cambridge, 422 00:47:35,360 --> 00:47:39,649 which I secured a picture of what a fuss they made about giving it to me. 423 00:47:39,650 --> 00:47:42,470 I have to have a license to show it to you. On. 424 00:47:43,870 --> 00:47:53,990 After her death it was recognised by others, but many manuscripts in the Biblioteca Comunale of Cortona were owned and annotated by evangelist. 425 00:47:54,700 --> 00:47:58,180 Most being similar in style to this Cambridge manuscript. 426 00:47:58,900 --> 00:48:05,950 These include manuscript 36, which I've already mentioned, but I'm afraid I don't have a very good image of it. 427 00:48:07,060 --> 00:48:15,170 Two manuscripts are owned by evangelists, the Cortona one and the one looks out back. 428 00:48:15,190 --> 00:48:20,490 That one well able to um cross-fertilisation. 429 00:48:22,060 --> 00:48:27,700 Omanis added a table of contents to the wall in Florence, says Ricardo Viana. 430 00:48:30,270 --> 00:48:35,610 Close, and that is the hand identified by the little arm that correctly. 431 00:48:37,390 --> 00:48:48,400 And actually it's beginning to end. He copied out a passion of the Act of Cyprian, to which a truncated life in Cortona 36. 432 00:48:48,620 --> 00:48:55,270 Remember I said, the actor follows the trunk, and, uh, in this family of truncated manuscripts. 433 00:48:56,050 --> 00:48:59,110 Wasn't there in this manuscript before? It was. 434 00:49:02,040 --> 00:49:07,410 But neither Corto 36 nor the manuscript in the Ricardian is a grand manuscript. 435 00:49:07,830 --> 00:49:12,660 But evangelist was able to use them in production of a more elaborate manuscript. 436 00:49:13,230 --> 00:49:17,100 All 5005 unfortunately powerful. 437 00:49:17,790 --> 00:49:24,119 I did a trial of this paper, a few really only a few days before the catastrophe in the British Library and 438 00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:28,590 the cyber attack which made the catalogue of illuminated manuscripts disappear. 439 00:49:28,980 --> 00:49:31,020 And I took a screenshot of it. 440 00:49:32,310 --> 00:49:42,750 I can show that is all Nana's writing slightly more, uh, more neatly and a more elaborate nine script for evangelist, uh, to perhaps use. 441 00:49:44,120 --> 00:49:51,290 He also wrote While in Vienna 770, commissioned presumably from an unidentified scholar or clergyman. 442 00:49:52,630 --> 00:50:00,730 In both cases, the text of live derives from or Toler 36, up to the point to which it breaks off. 443 00:50:02,000 --> 00:50:10,460 Thereafter. It derives from the manuscript in the Ricardian before reverting to the text of Cortona for the act. 444 00:50:11,180 --> 00:50:19,130 I can prove this not only by errors shared by the four manuscripts, but also by Marx that evangelists are made on the record. 445 00:50:19,140 --> 00:50:26,299 You also might want to look at number 12 in the handout and in the margin on folio 929 he wrote. 446 00:50:26,300 --> 00:50:32,690 From here to the end, the text is missing in the other volume and therefore needs to be copied out. 447 00:50:33,440 --> 00:50:37,370 Placing before there's a marginal comment that looks like a tadpole. 448 00:50:38,300 --> 00:50:45,200 You can see it up there only in Latin and plainly the other volume is Cortona 36. 449 00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:49,890 Uh, evangelist, uh, um, clearly forth. 450 00:50:49,900 --> 00:50:54,030 And what we know is the act, uh, was part of voter I.D. 451 00:50:54,520 --> 00:50:58,299 Okay. Well, there was a missing bit of what he had. He was wrong in that. 452 00:50:58,300 --> 00:51:02,620 And he noted its absence from the manuscript in the record here in Florence. 453 00:51:03,370 --> 00:51:09,700 At the end of the text there on folio 101, he wrote in the right hand margin. 454 00:51:09,940 --> 00:51:15,430 Part of this book is missing here. Look for it at the end of this volume, at the sign like this. 455 00:51:16,090 --> 00:51:19,570 And a tadpole like sign follows. 456 00:51:21,350 --> 00:51:25,200 And I'm going to I see. Time is marching on. 457 00:51:25,220 --> 00:51:28,640 And so I shall skip some of what I'm going to say. 458 00:51:29,360 --> 00:51:35,990 But at the end of the manuscript in Florence, the actor duly copied out the hand of all nuns. 459 00:51:37,260 --> 00:51:48,550 Uh, the, uh. Okay. Um, as a coda to this part of the discussion, I note that my manuscript in Madrid. 460 00:51:49,900 --> 00:51:59,140 Um. There's a smaller collection of CPI, and it was derived from the manuscript in Vienna produced by all nighters. 461 00:51:59,470 --> 00:52:05,830 Up till I'm I did not know that, but I wonder whether she would have identified that, so I'm not sure. 462 00:52:05,830 --> 00:52:08,980 It's all analysis hand. I've sometimes wondered if you also was. 463 00:52:11,550 --> 00:52:16,650 But we're not yet done with this part of the transmission. 464 00:52:17,340 --> 00:52:20,669 Um, the record, the manuscript in Florence's record. 465 00:52:20,670 --> 00:52:29,399 You had a descendant in another manuscript now in the same library, perhaps Covid, probably coincidentally, they're in the same library and, um, 466 00:52:29,400 --> 00:52:35,370 pretentious paper copy that was written by the Florentine scribe Nicolo Fons, 467 00:52:35,370 --> 00:52:39,980 you know, mostly, but in part by his brother, the minor humanist Bartolomeo Fonds. 468 00:52:39,990 --> 00:52:44,360 Yeah. Which includes the full text of the life, but also the actor. 469 00:52:44,820 --> 00:52:49,740 And it's very derived from the other wildlife just mentioned. 470 00:52:50,430 --> 00:52:53,470 And this TypeScript is. How shall I put it? 471 00:52:53,480 --> 00:52:57,530 Rather like an aphrodisiac to someone investigating a manuscript production. 472 00:52:58,100 --> 00:53:03,979 Since it is the source, probably often the direct source of numerous calligraphic copies. 473 00:53:03,980 --> 00:53:11,330 Thus you can look at your handout. This one in Vienna. Olympia, this is Marciano, not a body manuscript in the Vatican. 474 00:53:11,720 --> 00:53:15,080 And the manuscript, um. And, uh. 475 00:53:15,290 --> 00:53:25,700 Yeah. Bruno collection. A very long, grand manuscript made for um Federico da montefeltro, Duke of Urbino. 476 00:53:25,850 --> 00:53:34,100 They are, you can see, some light in Florence and a copy at that last night in Florence, in the Palatine collection. 477 00:53:35,320 --> 00:53:42,090 Lawrence. Most of these manuscripts were used by Cardinal Pellegrino for his edition, 478 00:53:42,090 --> 00:53:46,770 but particularly important at the end of the text, but this was unfortunate. 479 00:53:47,440 --> 00:53:57,570 Um, in the case of this manuscript, Palatine 24, it has three extant ancestors, the one in the Puno Collection, later one in the Ricardian. 480 00:53:57,750 --> 00:54:06,060 The earlier one in the Riccardi are not actually set for extant ancestors, and the one in the Ambrosiano. 481 00:54:13,080 --> 00:54:22,360 Well, I think I'm going to. I've been talking for long enough, so I think I should draw things to a close and skip, 482 00:54:23,190 --> 00:54:27,690 um, the final few minutes of what I'd hoped I might be able to say. 483 00:54:28,050 --> 00:54:32,100 I tried to show in the handout, if you're interested to know Latin. 484 00:54:32,460 --> 00:54:40,650 An interesting textual problem. What difference does it make to have the manuscripts rationally assessed? 485 00:54:41,160 --> 00:54:45,840 And what interesting problem I've put down there is where there is one. 486 00:54:45,840 --> 00:54:50,730 The most corrupt group of manuscripts has a reading printed by all editors. 487 00:54:51,210 --> 00:54:55,820 But is it actually correct? Could it possibly have the truth? 488 00:54:55,830 --> 00:55:01,170 Or are the three other manuscripts, uh, are other families of manuscripts? 489 00:55:02,570 --> 00:55:07,460 Defensible the reading. I'm going to pass on that. 490 00:55:07,550 --> 00:55:17,360 I think it is possible to defend that after reading and just go to another aspect that could be said as a conclusion. 491 00:55:18,020 --> 00:55:26,780 Italian manuscripts and later manuscripts sometimes matter at various points of editing the periodic collection, 492 00:55:27,170 --> 00:55:33,799 and they feature in discussions, um, in of the family trees of various branches. 493 00:55:33,800 --> 00:55:39,110 There were numerous collections of manuscripts of Cyprian that came down to the Middle Ages. 494 00:55:40,570 --> 00:55:47,470 I have not always been assessed well, and that is a great deal of detailed work that can be done. 495 00:55:47,500 --> 00:55:52,270 I'm going to look in my first lecture again at some separate manuscript, 496 00:55:52,270 --> 00:56:01,900 particularly showing how the council at Basel, um, explains certain interesting features in the family tree. 497 00:56:01,930 --> 00:56:05,139 I think I'll stop there because I've been going on longer than I hoped. 498 00:56:05,140 --> 00:56:06,610 So thank you very much.