1 00:00:09,670 --> 00:00:17,650 Good afternoon, everyone. Now I am able to share my slight. 2 00:00:17,650 --> 00:00:32,410 This is one of the first slide which I'm showing you, because Bachenheimer are actually the history of the region and I got my fellowship as strong. 3 00:00:32,410 --> 00:00:41,590 You introduced me to work on the number of manuscripts of the British Library and the Oxford collection. 4 00:00:41,590 --> 00:00:47,560 And this is one of the one of the manuscript issues, 5 00:00:47,560 --> 00:01:00,760 because Sharjah is considered to be a very a period when the Empire wanted to have of show off so you could see what I had written there. 6 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:07,900 His actual name was Schaeffler. That means Joia son and successor of Emperor Jangi. 7 00:01:07,900 --> 00:01:12,070 He ascended the throne. That is ten thirty seven. 8 00:01:12,070 --> 00:01:18,610 That is equal to sixteen twenty eight. And these are his title, Abuse of Child with the Moment. 9 00:01:18,610 --> 00:01:26,920 S Banana Sandwich. How about the father of the three state of religion, Lord of Auspiciously Preconvention. 10 00:01:26,920 --> 00:01:33,190 King of the world, emperor. Volleyer of the faith. And perhaps this is the one. 11 00:01:33,190 --> 00:01:41,290 So this painting is very Bodleian collection as well as it is there in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum. 12 00:01:41,290 --> 00:01:49,540 But before going to Oxford, I have consulted a number of manuscripts which were already available here in India. 13 00:01:49,540 --> 00:01:59,600 You could see one of the line, this collection. This particular manuscript which I consulted, belonged to have. 14 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:04,960 That is a very famous museums I museum. I'm just showing it to you. 15 00:02:04,960 --> 00:02:12,910 And this we all know this is a Windsor Castle Library manuscript as we want for nine. 16 00:02:12,910 --> 00:02:22,420 This is the only Panchen Lama, which is which is a which has got paintings about forty four, which has been edited. 17 00:02:22,420 --> 00:02:29,200 And this is the first one. But we were looking for paintings of an online collection of Bodleian Library. 18 00:02:29,200 --> 00:02:34,870 We could not come across that, but we had other albums which I'm going to show you. 19 00:02:34,870 --> 00:02:39,550 And this is the same path from our which I have taken from holdbacks, 20 00:02:39,550 --> 00:02:51,130 Oriental Public Library Partner, Volume three, which is written by Shefer Abdulhamid Lahoti. 21 00:02:51,130 --> 00:02:57,220 They are written by the official custodians. This is also you could see that this was written very, very beautiful. 22 00:02:57,220 --> 00:03:01,540 But here I am sure you because we were talking about Kollapen, 23 00:03:01,540 --> 00:03:13,300 this is the part of the library Persian manuscripts which belong to a lawyer who was a British civil servant who was serving in India. 24 00:03:13,300 --> 00:03:20,740 And this is one of the oldest since astronomers were very official histories. 25 00:03:20,740 --> 00:03:24,230 So they are written directly under the guidance of the emperor. 26 00:03:24,230 --> 00:03:35,110 A number of editors were involved. There was a whole team which was working with Abdul Hamid Lahoti, and you could see one of the editor here. 27 00:03:35,110 --> 00:03:45,100 His photograph is there, will allow will to, because most of the albums which we called were also sometimes which are in Bodleian Library. 28 00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:50,410 And I was lucky to sleep. Although this particular painting is not from Bodleian Library, 29 00:03:50,410 --> 00:03:57,820 they have also got a number of calligraphy pencils and those calligraphy is mostly from the earlier period. 30 00:03:57,820 --> 00:04:05,620 But this particular painting, which I am showing you, is of Alam Isabella, who was prime minister of Prussia. 31 00:04:05,620 --> 00:04:12,520 He's holding an assembly, was extremely important person who is involved with a number of projects of interest. 32 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:18,940 There are two particular paintings of him which are there in the Bulgarian library's collection. 33 00:04:18,940 --> 00:04:26,680 Ms. As we know, there was a mass collection, give a number of important paintings to the body. 34 00:04:26,680 --> 00:04:28,990 And I believe this is very, very rare. 35 00:04:28,990 --> 00:04:38,020 So the last painting is not found anywhere in any collection, including in the art, including not even some of the libraries of us. 36 00:04:38,020 --> 00:04:43,060 So Saddam was one of the premier nobles. And here you is. 37 00:04:43,060 --> 00:04:53,830 You could see him holding an assembly. He was involved not only in administration, but also he was a major person who was, you know, 38 00:04:53,830 --> 00:05:00,310 most of the imperial projects, especially the construction work, was being done under him. 39 00:05:00,310 --> 00:05:08,710 This this particular illustration is used to us by Andrew Topsfield in his book. 40 00:05:08,710 --> 00:05:14,670 This is Bodleian Library, Oxford, a special collection of Sadullah MSDOS. 41 00:05:14,670 --> 00:05:28,590 What a point three and the other thing is also they're holding a quote, which is MSDOS or the three Topsfield has introduced. 42 00:05:28,590 --> 00:05:30,570 Sadullah has biography's found. 43 00:05:30,570 --> 00:05:38,370 This is how I work, although all the manuscripts which are there in the Bodleian collection, they are not illustrated by two. 44 00:05:38,370 --> 00:05:44,640 By using these albums, I could identify and only Topsfield have identified. 45 00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:51,030 So Sadhana is one of the major nobble of Chaja because these are official histories. 46 00:05:51,030 --> 00:05:55,530 They are concerned with the emperor, emperor, his family, his descent, 47 00:05:55,530 --> 00:06:07,620 as well as they are concerned about the major premier nobles of the empire and one of the noble Sadhu Lahar, whose biography is yet to be written. 48 00:06:07,620 --> 00:06:12,660 This description comes from Topsfield, but I'm taking you to some other thing, 49 00:06:12,660 --> 00:06:17,700 and now I'm showing you one of the inscriptions, which is also written by Sagala, 50 00:06:17,700 --> 00:06:27,510 how this inscription was originally the Red Fort, which is known as Billi Galloon in the contemporary sources that is the family for. 51 00:06:27,510 --> 00:06:33,990 So he compiled this inscription, which is there in The Iliad, because all the manuscripts, 52 00:06:33,990 --> 00:06:38,580 especially I constructed three Persian manuscripts of the Bosnian library. 53 00:06:38,580 --> 00:06:44,790 One is one belongs to the one belongs to aliar collection and then the freezer collection. 54 00:06:44,790 --> 00:06:49,290 And the other one is the Iliad Fraser. 55 00:06:49,290 --> 00:06:57,270 And this particular comes from your collection. So then you will be reading this particular inscription. 56 00:06:57,270 --> 00:07:02,700 It's not available now in the fall, but it is available only in the manuscript. 57 00:07:02,700 --> 00:07:13,050 You could see the language because during the time of Shardlow you find that there is so much emphasis on, you know, on religious language. 58 00:07:13,050 --> 00:07:17,910 You can find Suhana last full of Arabic verse, praise be to God. 59 00:07:17,910 --> 00:07:28,530 How beautiful are these elegant mentions? Mentions are known as Manzanilla, Munsie, Rangeen and charming residences on the machine. 60 00:07:28,530 --> 00:07:37,650 They are a part of high heaven. I myself, I sold. All angels are desirous of looking at them, so I translated it. 61 00:07:37,650 --> 00:07:47,430 But I'll read some more to show that title of Islamic imagery is used throughout his saying that one 62 00:07:47,430 --> 00:07:58,170 can walk around it like the holy cow about to a thief and like we go on kissing the glorious all. 63 00:07:58,170 --> 00:08:05,370 So this this is very unique and this is the whole text because it is such a large inscription. 64 00:08:05,370 --> 00:08:12,840 So I am escaping only telling some major points like it is describing the various buildings of the old Forcier. 65 00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:20,970 You will see a bobbly Hayat Bachelet life best-run garden and he is saying this garden is like that, 66 00:08:20,970 --> 00:08:28,380 but the soul is for the body and lamp to the assembly and the pure Canale. 67 00:08:28,380 --> 00:08:37,740 We know that this word for the shutdown of the city, which was constructed by Shahjahan in between sixteen thirty to forty eight, 68 00:08:37,740 --> 00:08:42,270 has a very special canale which was supplying water to the world for. 69 00:08:42,270 --> 00:08:53,400 So it was known as a third. So this comes from, as I have written here, Sheikh Mohammad overresponse Shabnam about the library in your collection. 70 00:08:53,400 --> 00:08:57,570 Three sixty eight for you for one two. 71 00:08:57,570 --> 00:09:05,010 And this is one of the oldest bachenheimer which has survived anywhere in any collection known to me at least. 72 00:09:05,010 --> 00:09:12,070 I have seen sixteen manuscripts, especially of the volume three, because this comes from advertisements for number, 73 00:09:12,070 --> 00:09:19,950 which is volume three, because city of Jalalabad was constructed in sixteen thirty to forty eight. 74 00:09:19,950 --> 00:09:24,420 We know that children are divided Israel into three parts, three decades. 75 00:09:24,420 --> 00:09:33,150 And the history of the official history is also divided into three parts volume first two volumes written by Abdel-Hamid Lowri. 76 00:09:33,150 --> 00:09:38,940 But these these volumes, the second the third one is written by Chef Mom advertize. 77 00:09:38,940 --> 00:09:43,230 She has more advance as well as she Abdel Hamid Loudy. 78 00:09:43,230 --> 00:09:51,270 They were all India born historians because although there is lot of union domination of Persian speaking, the meeting, the moral code, 79 00:09:51,270 --> 00:09:57,240 but there is also the rise of India are born historians as shown in the life story of our 80 00:09:57,240 --> 00:10:07,110 first and I found the historian was a student of force who was a historian of Schaefer, 81 00:10:07,110 --> 00:10:18,750 who was a historian. But and these are some of the paintings which I took from the Digital Bodleian and some of the some of the parts I 82 00:10:18,750 --> 00:10:26,970 would like to introduce you that what kind of age it was when I saw these the third volume in the Bodleian Library, 83 00:10:26,970 --> 00:10:36,280 I. Found that there is a lot of appreciation for his own deeds because the entire bachenheimer is offered, 84 00:10:36,280 --> 00:10:43,890 Shamala is roaming around or actually is concentrating upon the personality of the emperor. 85 00:10:43,890 --> 00:10:49,560 There are detailed descriptions of all the buildings. There are detailed descriptions of all the campaigns. 86 00:10:49,560 --> 00:11:00,000 There are transcripts written to the rulers of the Ottoman Empire or to Persia or there are details, written letters sent to the rulers of the can. 87 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:07,440 But, you know, everything is being done by the emperor. You will not find mention of others except living some of the leading noble. 88 00:11:07,440 --> 00:11:13,320 One of the leading noble I showed you just now was was Sadullah. 89 00:11:13,320 --> 00:11:23,880 So you will see that to hear the author. They are saying that this is an exalted book written directly under the guidance of the Emperor. 90 00:11:23,880 --> 00:11:32,790 And this is a time when the art of architecture has reached something similar to Muntaha, as we know. 91 00:11:32,790 --> 00:11:39,210 That said, Ratterman ties a foreign verse, which means the territory of most boundry. 92 00:11:39,210 --> 00:11:47,370 That means something. They are they are proclaiming that to this this they are using as metaphor to proclaim 93 00:11:47,370 --> 00:11:53,880 that the paradisiacal do and not shown the art of building have just spinet. 94 00:11:53,880 --> 00:12:01,180 And actually, you will be interested to know that more more talk about Deli's heading Vol. three, 95 00:12:01,180 --> 00:12:06,420 but volume one and two are concentrating when the capital was is still Agra. 96 00:12:06,420 --> 00:12:15,390 So in the first and second volume, do you find a description of Taj Mahal, which has been utilised very well by Baguley, 97 00:12:15,390 --> 00:12:23,730 as all of us know, and their desire and this particular Arabic proverb or all the form of mamma is using? 98 00:12:23,730 --> 00:12:30,270 Excellent question, but there are some other big proverb also like there is a quotation which a historian 99 00:12:30,270 --> 00:12:35,120 is very proud of when he's describing the monumental buildings of Shahjahan. 100 00:12:35,120 --> 00:12:43,680 But he says that the Arabic over the work we leave behind will speak of us. 101 00:12:43,680 --> 00:12:49,380 This is the preamble of the account of the city of Shahjahan about. 102 00:12:49,380 --> 00:12:58,050 There are other teams also in position, which I studied, especially I concentrated on Shekhawat is the third volume of Khwaja number, 103 00:12:58,050 --> 00:13:01,950 but the first and second volume are also having similar teams. 104 00:13:01,950 --> 00:13:10,050 Obviously, the time is changing because Bojana Mazars governing period from 16, 28 down to 16. 105 00:13:10,050 --> 00:13:16,440 Fifty eight. So they will start obviously the first volume will concentrate on his early life. 106 00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:27,210 But later on, the themes of changing a biography of empire is very important because my sort of biography of the Emperor, also official biography, 107 00:13:27,210 --> 00:13:36,090 which has got every detail of his children, their marriages, his own grief, death of life, everything is sort of biography. 108 00:13:36,090 --> 00:13:42,180 But then there are themes in which historians are interested, like patronage of architecture. 109 00:13:42,180 --> 00:13:45,270 There are detailed description of buildings. 110 00:13:45,270 --> 00:13:52,560 There are graphic descriptions of every event in the imperial household, birth of a child, death of a child. 111 00:13:52,560 --> 00:14:01,680 Marriage is everything we will find. And also important themes are like Qajar was very die hard imperialist. 112 00:14:01,680 --> 00:14:09,510 So like occupation of birth is also there because the Moors believe that that is their homeland. 113 00:14:09,510 --> 00:14:17,970 So there are diverse teams. I'm just showing you a picture of JAMA Masjid, which is the central mosque of Delhi here. 114 00:14:17,970 --> 00:14:26,640 This was constructed under the direct supervision of Sadullah and the people hardly know about that, actually. 115 00:14:26,640 --> 00:14:31,170 Who are the architects? Because for architects there is hardly any information. 116 00:14:31,170 --> 00:14:40,710 But just for you, because this is the central most of Delhi and contemporary sources have forced Taj Mahal as we know he is. 117 00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:44,010 Sharjah is more known for the construction of Taj Mahal, 118 00:14:44,010 --> 00:14:54,030 but the scholars Viki Bagli NZF decide they have utilised and Taj source material from Bachenheimer to construct the Taj Mahal, 119 00:14:54,030 --> 00:14:58,710 the the famous Tormore from Tasmin. 120 00:14:58,710 --> 00:15:03,630 All of us know about it and then also added to it. 121 00:15:03,630 --> 00:15:08,430 So this is the theme of the first volume in the second and third volume. 122 00:15:08,430 --> 00:15:14,970 There is not much about Rosemann of what I actually the name of Taj Mahal is Nevada. 123 00:15:14,970 --> 00:15:23,370 And here I, I'm sure you know, Taj Mahal. And also we will find discussion like what kind of material was used there? 124 00:15:23,370 --> 00:15:27,140 Centerstone. It used to be created from McCrann. 125 00:15:27,140 --> 00:15:38,730 And then we have got a lot of information about the declaration, Beltone Parchin Godi, which is known as Petrograd. 126 00:15:38,730 --> 00:15:43,290 Whether it was Italian or Indian technik, it is difficult to decide. 127 00:15:43,290 --> 00:15:50,670 But the historian, Indian historian, they say that it is actually an Indian technique, 128 00:15:50,670 --> 00:16:01,680 but they are using Persian words for these decorative techniques, like some of the I like work Moonah, but Godi is full relief work. 129 00:16:01,680 --> 00:16:10,290 But Jeanne. But God, Gardez for the Estonian torgeir, you have one that you metrical ornamentation. 130 00:16:10,290 --> 00:16:18,690 They are used in the palace complex. So Lahoti as well as his successor Chef Sheaffe ladies, 131 00:16:18,690 --> 00:16:27,150 he's also using similar similar terms for distribution of various buildings and techniques which were used in those buildings. 132 00:16:27,150 --> 00:16:36,270 And as I said, that entire Bachenheimer is concentrating on every activity of the emperor and his likes and dislikes, 133 00:16:36,270 --> 00:16:38,230 although it is difficult to read. 134 00:16:38,230 --> 00:16:48,210 But Anoma the way they scholars have utilised Baba Rama, which has been translated into English all the way scholars have utilised Jahangiri now, 135 00:16:48,210 --> 00:16:53,790 which has been translated into English and recently by text on Buckenham, 136 00:16:53,790 --> 00:17:03,480 is a very difficult text because it describes each and every activity of the emperor according to the date and time. 137 00:17:03,480 --> 00:17:09,780 So event, you know, just follow one after the other without describing what had happened. 138 00:17:09,780 --> 00:17:12,600 So suddenly there will be information there. 139 00:17:12,600 --> 00:17:21,000 Emperor Sharda loved flowers and that would be right because the historian is saying that Emperor is like a garden, 140 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:26,900 like a garden of German Emperor of the garden evolvable stop for India. 141 00:17:26,900 --> 00:17:35,490 Obviously we find that during that, as a historian, especially the art historian, know that very well, that during the time of Shahjahan rain, 142 00:17:35,490 --> 00:17:48,420 flowers began to be widely used as an ornamental motive for Texana in textile, in painting, in bookbinding, in architecture, in decorative arts. 143 00:17:48,420 --> 00:17:58,080 So. This is how we can substantiate manifestations of architectural and artistic legacy of Shahjahan by instating 144 00:17:58,080 --> 00:18:05,310 Shahjahan Na'ama and this one I am showing you because this is the only manuscript of my Shalimar, 145 00:18:05,310 --> 00:18:15,600 the volume one which has been illustrated and which has been published a long time back by a number, is a collaboration of a number of scholars. 146 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:20,430 But actually this is the only one which has got forty four paintings, 147 00:18:20,430 --> 00:18:27,840 the one in British Library I have seen carefully the one in Indian libraries or the Bodleian libraries. 148 00:18:27,840 --> 00:18:33,540 They have got more illustrations and this is something because time will be less slimey. 149 00:18:33,540 --> 00:18:41,640 Skipping this, there are descriptions like again for Delhi because I concentrated on volume three. 150 00:18:41,640 --> 00:18:45,820 You will see that how the Red Fort is being described. 151 00:18:45,820 --> 00:18:52,320 That is the present name. The actual name, as I said, was its name was different. 152 00:18:52,320 --> 00:19:02,400 This is this was known as the liger. Do the heavily for this will do for in the form of the body of Pagone Moossa Mummy. 153 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:11,910 But the not exactly what was said about daddy, but art historians, they are trying to define or historians of architecture. 154 00:19:11,910 --> 00:19:24,390 This is a term used by these guardians of Shijun in his E Sadhguru Museum, the head of Zax, Suryani Lubi Masculinist. 155 00:19:24,390 --> 00:19:30,930 It is an astonishment even for those who have travelled and inhabited part of the world. 156 00:19:30,930 --> 00:19:39,540 So places for Qandahar, places for his attunement, is integral part of the entire whatshername. 157 00:19:39,540 --> 00:19:47,420 That sleights language becomes so difficult. Therefore, each and every sentence we have to struggle. 158 00:19:47,420 --> 00:19:51,510 For instance, go fishing, I'm afraid we're running out of time. 159 00:19:51,510 --> 00:19:57,380 Oh, I'm so sorry. No, it's okay. Thank you. 160 00:19:57,380 --> 00:20:02,810 Thank you so much. I'm very sorry to cut you off. 161 00:20:02,810 --> 00:20:21,886 It was a wonderful overview of the cultural norm and very beautiful descriptions of Shahjahan LaBarge from your translation's.