1 00:00:13,049 --> 00:00:15,559 Two topics we're going to talk about, one is about Byron and 2 00:00:15,559 --> 00:00:17,289 Babbage when they were at Cambridge. 3 00:00:17,289 --> 00:00:19,989 And to answer the question, why is our language called Ada? 4 00:00:19,989 --> 00:00:22,839 Now that's gotten out of the way, and there we are. 5 00:00:22,839 --> 00:00:25,639 Not ADA the American Dental Association. 6 00:00:25,639 --> 00:00:29,949 We always spell Ada not in capitals. 7 00:00:29,949 --> 00:00:32,949 Lord Byron went to Trinity, Cambridge of course. 8 00:00:32,949 --> 00:00:37,979 He went up in July 1805, he graduated an MA in 1808. 9 00:00:37,979 --> 00:00:40,557 Being a noble, he did not have to take any examinations at all. 10 00:00:40,557 --> 00:00:44,329 >> [LAUGH] >> He just didn't take the maths tripos. 11 00:00:44,329 --> 00:00:45,809 Interestingly enough, in those days, 12 00:00:45,809 --> 00:00:48,929 you had to take the maths tripos if you wanted to read anything else. 13 00:00:48,929 --> 00:00:50,959 If you wanted to do classics, you had to do maths first. 14 00:00:50,959 --> 00:00:54,469 If you wanted to do theology, you had to do maths first. 15 00:00:54,469 --> 00:00:56,124 Jolly good idea, I always thought. 16 00:00:56,124 --> 00:00:56,789 >> [LAUGH] >> However, 17 00:00:56,789 --> 00:01:02,619 he didn't have to mess with commoners, he dined all the time on high table. 18 00:01:02,619 --> 00:01:03,399 >> One story about him, 19 00:01:03,399 --> 00:01:08,159 is that he wanted a dog, but the college law did not allow dogs. 20 00:01:08,159 --> 00:01:11,119 So the act didn't prohibit any other sort of animals, so he had a bear. 21 00:01:11,119 --> 00:01:14,601 And the big question is, I think really to this day, 22 00:01:14,601 --> 00:01:17,649 fairly unanswered, did he keep it in college? 23 00:01:17,649 --> 00:01:21,709 Well, according to Wright, another man who went to Trinity, in his book, Alma Mater, 24 00:01:21,709 --> 00:01:24,399 which he published anonymously, in 1827. 25 00:01:24,399 --> 00:01:27,542 Byron had a room in K-staircase in Great Court, and 26 00:01:27,542 --> 00:01:31,449 kept his bear at the top of the so-called hexagonal turret. 27 00:01:31,449 --> 00:01:35,489 And down below there, you'll see a little bit extract from Wright's book. 28 00:01:35,489 --> 00:01:36,599 When Lord Byron was at Trinity, 29 00:01:36,599 --> 00:01:40,049 he kept in rooms on this staircase, round which you might drive a coach and 30 00:01:40,049 --> 00:01:45,739 six, and had, moreover, the use of the small, hexagonal one in the tower. 31 00:01:45,739 --> 00:01:49,679 Here is Great Court from K staircase, rather beautiful, I hope you agree. 32 00:01:49,679 --> 00:01:51,029 There's a fountain here in the middle. 33 00:01:51,029 --> 00:01:52,309 See the fountain in the middle. 34 00:01:52,309 --> 00:01:55,859 And then in the opposite corner, there's another turret thing, right. 35 00:01:55,859 --> 00:01:58,819 That's actually the turret on E staircase, and 36 00:01:58,819 --> 00:02:01,489 on the left of that is the master's lodge. 37 00:02:01,489 --> 00:02:04,975 Well K staircase, diagonally opposite, also has a turret. 38 00:02:04,975 --> 00:02:07,649 And here's the turret, clouds here, and 39 00:02:07,649 --> 00:02:14,419 the question is, did bear live in this top of this turret? 40 00:02:14,419 --> 00:02:19,267 Well, first thing that we notice is the turret is not actually hexagonal thing, 41 00:02:19,267 --> 00:02:20,189 it's octagonal. 42 00:02:20,189 --> 00:02:21,449 And the best room is K6, 43 00:02:21,449 --> 00:02:26,829 which is the one with the slightly little window open there in the middle. 44 00:02:26,829 --> 00:02:28,869 And the question is, did Byron live there? 45 00:02:28,869 --> 00:02:30,169 Well, who knows? 46 00:02:30,169 --> 00:02:32,579 I lived in K6, and I was told, John, 47 00:02:32,579 --> 00:02:34,519 you're living in the one that Byron lived in. 48 00:02:34,519 --> 00:02:38,359 But we don't know whether that's true or not. 49 00:02:38,359 --> 00:02:39,534 Maybe or maybe not. 50 00:02:39,534 --> 00:02:43,839 Byron keep a bear, probably outside the college in the ram yard with his horses. 51 00:02:43,839 --> 00:02:46,839 Maybe he and the bear were in care as a temporary measure. 52 00:02:46,839 --> 00:02:50,249 Anyway, Byron seems to have achieved little academically, but 53 00:02:50,249 --> 00:02:52,599 wrote some poetry, generally had a good social time. 54 00:02:52,599 --> 00:02:55,919 I have read that he was thrown into the fountain, 55 00:02:55,919 --> 00:02:57,634 which is something that happened to a lot of people. 56 00:02:57,634 --> 00:03:01,566 >> [LAUGH] >> Oh, by the way, Lady Butler, who was 57 00:03:01,566 --> 00:03:08,279 the master's wife in about 1970, had a pet that looked remarkably like a dog. 58 00:03:08,279 --> 00:03:13,124 It talked like a dog, but it was classified as a cat. 59 00:03:13,124 --> 00:03:17,989 >> [LAUGH] >> I met Lady Butler, Molly Butler, 60 00:03:17,989 --> 00:03:22,344 in her nightie once, and I'll explain that offline. 61 00:03:22,344 --> 00:03:24,779 Babbage also went to Trinity in 1810. 62 00:03:24,779 --> 00:03:30,279 He'd left for some unknown reason he moved to Peter House in 1812. 63 00:03:30,279 --> 00:03:31,949 He offended examiners at the Viva. 64 00:03:31,949 --> 00:03:34,629 Oh by the way, it's called a tripos because 65 00:03:34,629 --> 00:03:39,229 in the old days the Viva part of it, the students sat on a three legged stool. 66 00:03:39,229 --> 00:03:42,209 Well he offended examiners of the Viva, not quite certain why he offended them, 67 00:03:42,209 --> 00:03:45,129 what he actually said, did not take the exam. 68 00:03:45,129 --> 00:03:49,279 Maybe deliberate, but he did not want to be beaten by Herschel. 69 00:03:49,279 --> 00:03:51,169 Herschel was Senior Wrangler. 70 00:03:51,169 --> 00:03:54,069 Wrangler is someone who gets the first in maths at Cambridge so 71 00:03:54,069 --> 00:03:56,439 Senior Wrangler was the person who's top of the list. 72 00:03:56,439 --> 00:03:59,239 And Peacock was Second Wrangler in 1813. 73 00:03:59,239 --> 00:04:02,679 Another source indeed says that Babbage did take the exam and was third, 74 00:04:02,679 --> 00:04:03,719 so who knows. 75 00:04:03,719 --> 00:04:06,069 So I have written to this other source. 76 00:04:06,069 --> 00:04:07,099 I've had no replies yet. 77 00:04:07,099 --> 00:04:08,979 It's awful, we'll find out. 78 00:04:08,979 --> 00:04:11,729 Anyway, Babbage was very grumpy. 79 00:04:11,729 --> 00:04:14,139 He thought the teacher was awful and founded the so 80 00:04:14,139 --> 00:04:17,819 called Analytical Society with Herschel and Peacock, the first and 81 00:04:17,819 --> 00:04:22,779 second wranglers, while they were both undergraduates still. 82 00:04:22,779 --> 00:04:26,282 He was Lucasian professor from 1828 to 1839. 83 00:04:26,282 --> 00:04:29,599 Remember that Newton was Lucasian professor sometimes before. 84 00:04:29,599 --> 00:04:31,859 But Babbage never did anything at all about it. 85 00:04:31,859 --> 00:04:33,169 He did not lecture anything. 86 00:04:33,169 --> 00:04:35,819 And as we know, he was very grumpy with the government later, 87 00:04:35,819 --> 00:04:40,019 wasn't he, on the funding of his various bits of stuff. 88 00:04:40,019 --> 00:04:44,439 Babbage was also a consultant to Brunel when building the Great Western Railway. 89 00:04:44,439 --> 00:04:47,591 And as senior consultant you might imagine these days you'd get a company car, 90 00:04:47,591 --> 00:04:48,259 wouldn't you? 91 00:04:48,259 --> 00:04:51,369 Or maybe a company horse. 92 00:04:51,369 --> 00:04:54,099 Babbage had a company train. 93 00:04:54,099 --> 00:04:58,169 So one Sunday morning, in 1838, he arrived at Paddington and demanded his train. 94 00:04:58,169 --> 00:05:01,617 At that time the line just went to Maidenhead. 95 00:05:01,617 --> 00:05:05,294 He was told to use either track since no one else was about that day. 96 00:05:05,294 --> 00:05:06,929 >> [LAUGH] >> And 97 00:05:06,929 --> 00:05:09,149 you can imagine he's going up to the station. 98 00:05:09,149 --> 00:05:09,889 My train, my man. 99 00:05:09,889 --> 00:05:11,797 And it puff, puff, puff, and it'll come and he'll jump on. 100 00:05:11,797 --> 00:05:18,649 So he was just about to set off, when lo and behold they hear a distant noise. 101 00:05:18,649 --> 00:05:21,459 And Brunel arrives unexpectedly on his train, 102 00:05:21,459 --> 00:05:23,365 which he had obviously a private train for Maidenhead. 103 00:05:23,365 --> 00:05:29,229 Well gosh, what if they had been on the same track and 104 00:05:29,229 --> 00:05:32,619 the engines had collided, and both been killed? 105 00:05:32,619 --> 00:05:37,299 Then maybe, this is 1838 remember, there'd be no analytical engine, and 106 00:05:37,299 --> 00:05:39,019 no working with Ada Lovelace. 107 00:05:39,019 --> 00:05:40,259 No language called Ada. 108 00:05:40,259 --> 00:05:42,319 We wouldn't be here today. 109 00:05:42,319 --> 00:05:45,838 So this potential disaster made them think about signaling. 110 00:05:45,838 --> 00:05:46,579 So even today, 111 00:05:46,579 --> 00:05:50,474 railways are only one of two industries who seem to care about correctness. 112 00:05:50,474 --> 00:05:53,616 >> [LAUGH] >> The other is avionics. 113 00:05:53,616 --> 00:05:59,179 The second theme of this hilarious talk is, why a language called Ada? 114 00:05:59,179 --> 00:06:03,630 Well, two of mid 1970s considered many languages for 115 00:06:03,630 --> 00:06:06,669 embedded systems such as process control. 116 00:06:06,669 --> 00:06:09,679 In Europe, we had a language called COBOL 66, and for 117 00:06:09,679 --> 00:06:15,139 the Ministry of Defence, a language called RTL/2 from Imperial Chemical Industries, 118 00:06:15,139 --> 00:06:18,729 a language called LTR, that's French, that's RTL backwards, of course. 119 00:06:18,729 --> 00:06:20,989 The French always spell things backwards. 120 00:06:20,989 --> 00:06:23,819 And there was a German language called PEARL. 121 00:06:23,819 --> 00:06:28,389 Now the EU decided that the new language all of Europe would be a good thing. 122 00:06:28,389 --> 00:06:31,609 This could be an example of early, every closer attempt at union. 123 00:06:31,609 --> 00:06:36,449 So anyway they established this long term procedural language-Europe group, 124 00:06:36,449 --> 00:06:38,669 which had many meetings, most in Brussels. 125 00:06:38,669 --> 00:06:40,907 They were, it was a jolly time actually. 126 00:06:40,907 --> 00:06:43,199 >> [LAUGH] >> We were eating the beef mountain and 127 00:06:43,199 --> 00:06:44,919 drinking the wine lake. 128 00:06:44,919 --> 00:06:49,379 Anyway, experts advised the Europeans to join the US in a global effort. 129 00:06:49,379 --> 00:06:53,219 Because meanwhile, the US had set up the high order language project. 130 00:06:53,219 --> 00:06:57,389 And they had also two new languages, such as a language called JOVIAL. 131 00:06:57,389 --> 00:07:00,045 And I thought it was called Jules Own Version of Industry ALGOL, but 132 00:07:00,045 --> 00:07:02,990 a colleague has told me that's incorrect and it should be something else. 133 00:07:02,990 --> 00:07:05,561 Anyway, was ALGOL 58 it was based on, not ALGOL 60. 134 00:07:05,561 --> 00:07:09,789 CMS and TACPOL, and they established this High Order Language Project under 135 00:07:09,789 --> 00:07:11,649 the leadership of one Colonel William Whitaker. 136 00:07:11,649 --> 00:07:14,672 And the management team included Philip Wetherall, 137 00:07:14,672 --> 00:07:17,971 of the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern. 138 00:07:17,971 --> 00:07:21,499 The first task, of course, was to decide what it was all for. 139 00:07:21,499 --> 00:07:23,269 What a good idea. 140 00:07:23,269 --> 00:07:27,104 So, some requirements are written, and they were called STRAWMAN, WOODENMAN, 141 00:07:27,104 --> 00:07:30,909 TINMAN, IRONMAN, and STEELMAN, getting stronger and stronger and stronger. 142 00:07:30,909 --> 00:07:33,549 I actually have a sample of STEELMAN here today, 143 00:07:33,549 --> 00:07:36,879 if you might like to browse that at some time. 144 00:07:36,879 --> 00:07:40,069 Anyway, said greatest things like the language is strongly tied and 145 00:07:40,069 --> 00:07:43,279 so on and so forth. 146 00:07:43,279 --> 00:07:45,726 What's difficult know which way the [INAUDIBLE] went. 147 00:07:45,726 --> 00:07:48,931 Anyway, the US let four contracts. 148 00:07:48,931 --> 00:07:50,350 And they were meant to be secret, 149 00:07:50,350 --> 00:07:52,489 not supposed to know who each contract was let to. 150 00:07:52,489 --> 00:07:56,449 And they were color coded to enable unbiased comparisons in the end. 151 00:07:56,449 --> 00:07:59,519 There's the green one, that was from Honeywell. 152 00:07:59,519 --> 00:08:02,279 Actually, the contract was actually with Honeywell in Minneapolis, 153 00:08:02,279 --> 00:08:04,419 the work was done in Versailles. 154 00:08:04,419 --> 00:08:10,459 The leader of that team was a chap called Jean Ichbiah, sadly now deceased. 155 00:08:10,459 --> 00:08:14,349 The red team were based in Intermetrics in Boston. 156 00:08:14,349 --> 00:08:17,209 And the leader was a chap called Ben Brosgol, who now works for 157 00:08:17,209 --> 00:08:18,959 AdaCore, in fact. 158 00:08:18,959 --> 00:08:20,819 I think still in Boston. 159 00:08:20,819 --> 00:08:22,989 He's still called Ben Brosgol as well. 160 00:08:22,989 --> 00:08:24,469 The blue team- >> [LAUGH] 161 00:08:24,469 --> 00:08:26,249 >> So, the blue team, 162 00:08:26,249 --> 00:08:29,899 they're from a company called Softtek, also in Boston. 163 00:08:29,899 --> 00:08:35,619 And they're run by a chap called John Goodenough, and he was pretty good. 164 00:08:35,619 --> 00:08:39,109 And he retired from the Software Engineering Institute, 165 00:08:39,109 --> 00:08:41,069 Pittsburgh [INAUDIBLE] place. 166 00:08:41,069 --> 00:08:43,029 The yellow team, I'm not too sure about the yellow team. 167 00:08:43,029 --> 00:08:46,789 I think they're Californian, I think they were from Stanford. 168 00:08:46,789 --> 00:08:47,737 >> SRI. >> Yeah, SRI, yeah. 169 00:08:47,737 --> 00:08:50,539 Thank you, Terry. 170 00:08:50,539 --> 00:08:51,709 Anyway, so here we are. 171 00:08:51,709 --> 00:08:52,889 There's a little picture there. 172 00:08:52,889 --> 00:08:56,329 They are the four actual, I'm gonna show you, the four original versions, 173 00:08:56,329 --> 00:08:58,659 drafts of the Faux Four. 174 00:08:58,659 --> 00:09:01,489 After one year, blue and yellow were eliminated. 175 00:09:01,489 --> 00:09:02,894 Blue was strange but interesting. 176 00:09:02,894 --> 00:09:04,864 >> [LAUGH] >> Yellow was totally incompetent. 177 00:09:04,864 --> 00:09:07,559 >> [LAUGH] >> Failed to meet the wretched 178 00:09:07,559 --> 00:09:08,399 requirements. 179 00:09:08,399 --> 00:09:10,349 The first thing to do is to meet the requirements. 180 00:09:10,349 --> 00:09:13,159 Anyway, after another year red was eliminated. 181 00:09:13,159 --> 00:09:17,639 It changed direction somewhat, whereas green had consolidated its position. 182 00:09:17,639 --> 00:09:19,739 So green was acclaimed in 1978. 183 00:09:19,739 --> 00:09:23,319 Oops. 184 00:09:23,319 --> 00:09:24,024 What to call it? 185 00:09:24,024 --> 00:09:26,193 The project had gone entirely to plan. 186 00:09:26,193 --> 00:09:30,279 It said that they're set, that we had not chosen a name. 187 00:09:30,279 --> 00:09:32,809 Eventually, in a bar in Paris, where else, 188 00:09:32,809 --> 00:09:37,189 they decided they wanted Ada because they wanted to name it after a worthy person, 189 00:09:37,189 --> 00:09:40,979 like Blaise Pascal of course, the Pascal language is named after him. 190 00:09:40,979 --> 00:09:43,559 They wanted to to honor a women, because, as I mentioned earlier, 191 00:09:43,559 --> 00:09:46,649 engineer Grace Hopper had done much for COBOL but she wasn't very well known for 192 00:09:46,649 --> 00:09:48,599 it, so they wanted to honor a woman. 193 00:09:48,599 --> 00:09:52,651 And Ada was clearly, I think clearly, the world was first programmer, okay. 194 00:09:52,651 --> 00:09:54,520 >> [LAUGH] >> I was put notice this morning there was 195 00:09:54,520 --> 00:09:55,351 some doubt about that. 196 00:09:55,351 --> 00:09:59,516 Anyway, so it was decided to call it Ada, 197 00:09:59,516 --> 00:10:03,575 however, permission had to be sought. 198 00:10:03,575 --> 00:10:08,007 And so, Phillip Wetherall, at the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, 199 00:10:08,007 --> 00:10:09,723 wrote to then Earl of Lytton. 200 00:10:09,723 --> 00:10:13,029 Although, is the Earl of Lytton here today? 201 00:10:13,029 --> 00:10:15,653 He's doing a banquet this evening, obviously. 202 00:10:15,653 --> 00:10:16,396 He's here this evening. 203 00:10:16,396 --> 00:10:19,589 Anyway, it was his father, you see. 204 00:10:19,589 --> 00:10:21,289 So he wrote on the 10th of October, 1978, 205 00:10:21,289 --> 00:10:24,981 I have copies of the letter on the stand outside, want to see them afterwards. 206 00:10:24,981 --> 00:10:28,624 So the Earl replied on the 18th and said, yes, jolly good show, old chap, 207 00:10:28,624 --> 00:10:30,699 and noted that ada was at the heart of radar, 208 00:10:30,699 --> 00:10:33,417 which I think was rather clever to note that, actually. 209 00:10:33,417 --> 00:10:34,837 Because the Royal Signals and 210 00:10:34,837 --> 00:10:38,709 Radar Establishment wasn't particularly aimed at radar but there we go. 211 00:10:38,709 --> 00:10:44,459 And the language community was absolutely delighted to have Ada as their mascot. 212 00:10:44,459 --> 00:10:46,039 That's a sufferable joke for 213 00:10:46,039 --> 00:10:50,955 only a small number of people here [LAUGH] the mascot was sort of a [INAUDIBLE]. 214 00:10:50,955 --> 00:10:51,572 Anyway. 215 00:10:51,572 --> 00:10:54,089 Right so, we've done that bit. 216 00:10:54,089 --> 00:10:55,549 So Ada appeared everywhere. 217 00:10:55,549 --> 00:11:00,103 Books came out with pictures of Ada on 218 00:11:00,103 --> 00:11:06,479 the cover and the ACM gave statuettes to people who'd done good stuff. 219 00:11:06,479 --> 00:11:07,929 And they do that these days actually, 220 00:11:07,929 --> 00:11:11,579 there's still these statuettes are still appearing. 221 00:11:11,579 --> 00:11:16,747 So and we had to go conference, there's a particularly good conference in Langsley 222 00:11:16,747 --> 00:11:21,942 in 1997, and the guest speaker was the Earl of Lytton, who is maybe here today. 223 00:11:21,942 --> 00:11:25,249 And it was his father that gave permission to use his name, as I said. 224 00:11:25,249 --> 00:11:29,449 And we had entertainment from the New York Village Opera group. 225 00:11:29,449 --> 00:11:30,689 And they did a play. 226 00:11:30,689 --> 00:11:34,207 I actually have the playbill here. 227 00:11:34,207 --> 00:11:35,709 This is a playbill I kept from the time. 228 00:11:35,709 --> 00:11:38,199 It was called The Maiden and the Mandate. 229 00:11:38,199 --> 00:11:41,799 And it showed the conflict between Lady Ada, who wrote excellent software in 230 00:11:41,799 --> 00:11:45,134 the Ada language, and the treacherous hacker, who wrote in C. 231 00:11:45,134 --> 00:11:52,377 >> [LAUGH] >> And it was based on trial by jury. 232 00:11:52,377 --> 00:11:54,659 So here's Lady Ada. 233 00:11:54,659 --> 00:11:59,609 And she was played by a lady then called Karen Leah, now Karen Mason, and 234 00:11:59,609 --> 00:12:03,069 I had hoped we might have managed to get her to come today, but 235 00:12:03,069 --> 00:12:06,394 this was 20 years ago, maybe the dress wouldn't fit. 236 00:12:06,394 --> 00:12:10,385 >> [LAUGH] >> Anyway, this was photographed, 237 00:12:10,385 --> 00:12:12,581 this wasn't photographed in London, 238 00:12:12,581 --> 00:12:16,545 this was photographed at a previous event in Philadelphia, I think. 239 00:12:16,545 --> 00:12:20,839 All right, well, we crave freedom, don't we? 240 00:12:20,839 --> 00:12:23,269 One of the goals of Ada was to give you freedom. 241 00:12:23,269 --> 00:12:26,199 There's two forms of freedom, freedom from problems, 242 00:12:26,199 --> 00:12:29,679 on the one hand, and freedom to do whatever you want on the other. 243 00:12:29,679 --> 00:12:32,821 And these freedoms of course, they conflict very badly. 244 00:12:32,821 --> 00:12:36,729 Ada aims provide freedom from problems by detecting difficulties early in 245 00:12:36,729 --> 00:12:42,231 the development of software, that's the real goal here. 246 00:12:42,231 --> 00:12:43,929 You don't hear an awful lot about Ada today, and 247 00:12:43,929 --> 00:12:46,989 that's partly because many of the applications are confidential. 248 00:12:46,989 --> 00:12:49,399 Because they're mostly used in avionics, and the railways, and space. 249 00:12:49,399 --> 00:12:51,525 Space stuff is almost all in Ada. 250 00:12:51,525 --> 00:12:53,909 But I can mention one, and this is iFAX, 251 00:12:53,909 --> 00:12:58,989 the air traffic control system now in use over the London area and generally. 252 00:12:58,989 --> 00:13:00,049 And I know you can talk about that, 253 00:13:00,049 --> 00:13:04,399 because the demo of it at Bletchley in the Museum of Bletchley. 254 00:13:04,399 --> 00:13:09,039 And it's written in Ada and a language called SPARK which is a proof language, 255 00:13:09,039 --> 00:13:12,859 and actually my daughter was the system architect for the whole thing. 256 00:13:12,859 --> 00:13:15,807 Spark is a proof tool, and the origins of Spark, amazingly, 257 00:13:15,807 --> 00:13:18,809 are work done at the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment again, 258 00:13:18,809 --> 00:13:21,359 in the 70s, by a man called Bob Phillips. 259 00:13:21,359 --> 00:13:25,099 And that was sponsored by a requirements board chaired by Dame Steve Shirley, 260 00:13:25,099 --> 00:13:30,189 who will also be at the banquet tonight, but is not here at the moment. 261 00:13:30,189 --> 00:13:34,689 So that's another curious coincidence. 262 00:13:34,689 --> 00:13:38,649 So Ada 2012, the latest version incorporates contracts and 263 00:13:38,649 --> 00:13:42,059 SPARK 2014 is now integrated into the Ada tool set. 264 00:13:42,059 --> 00:13:45,309 The goal is to show that a program is correct through contracts and 265 00:13:45,309 --> 00:13:47,719 formal proof, not by testing it. 266 00:13:47,719 --> 00:13:51,179 All testing ever does is find bugs, it shows there are bugs still. 267 00:13:51,179 --> 00:13:54,759 So not by testing, but by formal proof. 268 00:13:54,759 --> 00:13:58,549 And if you want more details on that, please ask AdaCore for details. 269 00:13:58,549 --> 00:14:01,089 And they have some various books that they'd like not to have to 270 00:14:01,089 --> 00:14:02,791 carry back to Paris with them. 271 00:14:02,791 --> 00:14:05,257 >> [LAUGH] >> So please, please remove them all. 272 00:14:05,257 --> 00:14:10,139 But one other thing I'll show you is the book which talks about Wright, 273 00:14:10,139 --> 00:14:12,789 who wrote the Alma Mater book and so on and so forth. 274 00:14:12,789 --> 00:14:15,326 Is a book called, Mr. Hopkins' Men. 275 00:14:15,326 --> 00:14:17,044 I think I've got a flat. 276 00:14:17,044 --> 00:14:18,599 Here we are. 277 00:14:18,599 --> 00:14:20,959 Oh well, beware automotive and medical software. 278 00:14:20,959 --> 00:14:22,214 Very dangerous, medical software. 279 00:14:22,214 --> 00:14:24,485 >> [LAUGH] >> And I was once told, 280 00:14:24,485 --> 00:14:27,250 never buy a car built after 2007. 281 00:14:27,250 --> 00:14:28,829 It won't work. 282 00:14:28,829 --> 00:14:29,899 Oh, here's a very sad note. 283 00:14:29,899 --> 00:14:32,013 Let's finish on this. 284 00:14:32,013 --> 00:14:32,542 I think. 285 00:14:32,542 --> 00:14:35,459 One day in Paris, a member of the HMO team said he would take 286 00:14:35,459 --> 00:14:37,819 me to the wine bar on the Champs-Elysees. 287 00:14:37,819 --> 00:14:42,439 The name Ada was chosen, we would celebrate with champagne. 288 00:14:42,439 --> 00:14:43,954 But it had turned into a Burger King. 289 00:14:43,954 --> 00:14:49,110 >> [LAUGH] 290 00:14:49,110 --> 00:14:51,219 [APPLAUSE]