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In justice and policing. And she specialises in ethnographic challenges.

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And today I'm going to be sharing that recent work that is the geography of remote Scottish.

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All right. Thank you. What can you do?

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You need me to stand up and you are here?

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I have pulled some stitches, which you can see. You can see them.

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Okay. Because this is going to be much worse. Like to the lions and the teachers to find out about it.

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There's nothing get to give you is actually being made out of the brain being the issue.

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And so I was talking about my current research,

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and I recently spent two years living in the most remote corners of the UK, mostly here, but also the West Coast.

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I've been conducting ethnographic study of east and central control in the context of remote monitoring,

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and I've been working on a piece that is living in isolation and trying to work

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out how people might take it all the way in order to check the local stuff on

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over 200 traditional sightings of these two men and indicate what policing is

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when crime rates are low and when you have sexual relations and who does it.

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And this is a huge project is still ongoing and it's very much a work in progress.

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So one of the things that we hear recently is we want to know what you think.

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What does Tuesdays give you a sense of the project? And in particular, what I've described this is criminology, the periphery.

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And I want to talk about some of the challenges that this knowledge environment creates to the way you think in criminology particularly.

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I want to talk about some of the limitations of this actually category.

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So talking to you about why I think this is an issue. But first of all, just to explain, but I know we have one colleague here looking at this.

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I. I'm originally from Glasgow, but I studied in Denver.

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Okay. I'm Ivan. Okay.

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So there is a policy problem in the background of this project, which is one of the things that's going on here, which is in 2013,

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we appreciate Scottish basic services and they were only allowed divided into one single national excessive use of resources.

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And this created a large amount of problems between centralisation and localism

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in policing a particular forgetting about the criminal justice services.

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And one of the things that's particularly unusual about Scotland is its diversity.

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It's a huge population already and tiny claims to people.

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So we've previously said the situation is choosing the subspecialties in that I enjoy

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these areas which getting to see that used to be covered by local constabulary.

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And I heard quite a lot in the last few years about the difference between the constabulary in a way, operation to other places.

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And it's true, but there's important stories about that and about the way they work, the communities and so on.

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So the question that is a quality question is how can a single police service respond and adapt and understand the needs of their local communities?

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So does everything become absorbed into the most powerful parts of police?

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That, in other words, is more policing become like Glasgow.

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And in the first years of Free Scotland, the documents. Why this is exactly what was happening.

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People talked about the strong colonisation of police in Scotland.

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And so I was interested in exploring that and thinking about if this was the case,

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what do all those tensions and how experienced by local people and by police officers in the most remote parts of Scotland.

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So Shetland is what I've done most of my work and I think this is particularly interesting because of where it is so that Shetland,

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that it's the most remote in the UK it's 220 miles husky from and that's the main transport links.

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And you get there, you get on a boat and it takes at least 12 hours in the economic cycle, it takes 36 hours because of the weather.

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It's a very physical journey. If anyone goes to show that boat, which I really recommend because it's amazing,

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my biggest tip in all this research is check the shipping forecast with the order.

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I was going to tell you that from experience.

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It's also a very expensive journey. Tape costs about £300 each way.

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So it's cheaper to go. Should you actually buy the estate?

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And when you say almost as close to the way as you always the always how is the marriage translation?

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So that's why most of my research, I mostly do things that's just here's your clients here,

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which is going to be an outlier because let's take a look at the models.

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And they are 60 miles on the west coast of Scotland.

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And so the reason I found Shetland interesting is what is interesting is because you are physically at the periphery of U.S. territory,

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but they're also at the periphery of the dominant model of what we think about in terms of policing and police work and how they talk.

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So very simply, if you think about police work organised around ideas about crime,

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that is challenging environments where you have very tiny populations and very low crime rates and a structure of policing cases.

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This doesn't make things that we know challenging about remote rural policing.

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So large distances I say to officers. And so the islands are particularly interesting and complicated because they have very peculiar dynamics.

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So islands are both connected to larger means where and normally economically subordinate to them,

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and they're isolated enough to see themselves as distinctive and for others to see them as distinctive to what

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happens in that kind of combination of dynamics is it results in very distinctive forms of local identity,

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connivance, which are often rooted in opposition to the mainland.

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So if you go to Shetland, for example, one of the main features, the Shetland might be such a state and not a Scottishness.

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So buildings are you can see that they're purposely built in the Scandinavian model.

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So this is obviously for social housing.

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You will find flags everywhere, Shetland flags and post, you know, Scottish flags, which you see all public buildings.

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And so in Scotland and the biggest cultural event, which I should mention about later in Shetland is if I consider New York,

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where essentially just because men dress up as vikings and sets of boats.

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But what tends to be about is a celebration of reaffirmation of families heritage in Shetland.

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So this kind of sense of difference and Norse heritage is facing protection in the context of a single police service.

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That was really interesting, particularly as what you Scotland has also done is open up opportunities for police officers from all over

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Scotland to go to work in anywhere in Iraq to shut the police force is made up with also a central belt basis.

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So that was a kind of policy problem. But I that also I would prefer that we think about ideological researchers.

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So I think we have also absorbed diversity of experience into dominant ideas of urban life.

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So so what I wanted to do is assumptions about inflation.

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But everything that we think about, there are very few studies of not only when they are, we see them as somehow atypical.

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So we take a kind of rural difference which is positioned against an urban, you know,

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and it is very clear in police research where our conceptual development and

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also the pitch based scholarship is all based on studies of policing in cities.

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So for example, we are talking about peace culture today.

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We know that this culture is hugely important in thinking about policing and how families, those who did what it was politically interested in,

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how the pressures of police work shapes the way the police officers think about

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their social world and their role in it and how that shapes what they do.

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And this is being recognised now as a hugely important idea in how we think about this practice and how we think about food as ecological picture.

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This is one of the few concepts which also has affected how asking ourselves is

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being one of the kind of background stories that shape what they actually do.

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But the way we've derived that concept has come from this urban ethnography and we've translated those which

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looked at how those questions are kind of translated into practice purely through looking at police in cities.

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So for example, we've come to recognise just moments of pace, culture, things which actually describe urban life.

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So we talk about how cities prioritise ideas of action and excitement, and a particular understanding of the drive for efficiency,

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for results and an understanding of relationships with the public is kind of characterised by austerity.

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I. Selection of the sense of possibility as anything other than that we see as either a cultural or atypical or we just don't notice it.

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So my drive for doing just that was what if all our conventional work has been done in places like this?

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What would we think is important and what would our cultural objects look like and what work might be noticed that we currently don't see?

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So by taking myself out to a different context, that's so different to urban life.

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I'm trying to exclude blind spots in the way that we think.

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And this is in a kind of vein of studies which are in anthropological studies and natural science research as well,

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where it is seen as laboratories where people go to try and test the limits of

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mainstream ideas for taking this opportunity to kind of study strange environments.

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What I want to talk about shows a range of some of which I think become important in understanding how unusual advocacy works.

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I think it does show some of the limitations of the way you think.

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So I'm going to talk about three things and I'm going to talk about, first of all, these all these great ideas of environment and place.

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I want to talk, first of all, about remoteness. And it is going to be something you see about late in life.

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I'm talking about life. Place matters not just because of how we distribute our resources of people and so on.

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And, you know, just because if you just give me talking and although I was reading up to this thing about how people sense,

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how environment shapes people's sense of where they are and what that means.

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And I was going to talk about the kind of politics of consumption that is, for some reason,

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people in the news are not going to get to talk about some of the things I think in this country, astrologists, particularly amongst us.

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So those are the three things I'm going to talk about, going to talk about data.

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I'm going to show you a lot of functions. First of all, the name is I don't know.

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The leadership in the White House. Okay.

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Okay. I assume most people would. So what else do you just tell you?

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Okay, so this here's Shepherd's.

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Let's just watch what's results and what's not from top to bottom is that funding

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74 miles away to miles and shuttling control to Boston is about 75 miles.

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I chose two places. Most of my works being shuttered like primary sites in the Outer Hebrides, lots of being like in Paris.

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And that's because of this question of the distinctiveness and identity I want you to see will continue to evolve also.

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And I also see similarities to the populations are not the same though both have about

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23,000 people plus now slightly more in both populations clustered in the towns.

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I know, but I want to go to the left and you see the main towns in both places voting.

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Okay. So, you know, you think that's technical for you, that maybe that was you know,

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just got as you and they still have crime rates which are very low and they have similar kinds of issues.

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So there's a lot of stuff which you get anywhere.

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You put rich people together, ordinary, everyday type of crime.

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So things like antisocial behaviour, domestic abuse, thefts.

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So someone recently said to me, we're dealing with social justice to a lesser degree.

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When you're in a house, you could be in the east end of Glasgow, right? Very nice.

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It's the same stuff is coming out. We're just in different accents.

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But actually there is something very unusual about violent crime, which is even more strange so long as people were just kind of ordinary stuff,

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but they also deal with wildlife crime, maritime crimes and there is a lot of substance abuse.

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So generally alcohol in the Western Isles and drugs in Shetland.

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Historically Shetland has been the target for organised crime, gangsterism, heroin and those kind of organised crime in Shetland.

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And both of them have potential for very serious issues.

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And so they've got both for commercial airports and very courts in the West,

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no one at the Ministry of Defence Base in Shetland, and that's something which is the largest will invest heavily in Europe.

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There are, however, very significant and obvious differences in both of them and these are largely cultural.

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So in Shetland show there's a very strong emphasis on Norse heritage.

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Had a different background as it comes in. For example, in the Western Isles, it's different, it's based,

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but I guess it's based largely around Scottish identity and particularly managed relations.

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So you still it's positive to the north and Catholic to Scotland in the north.

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There's a very strong emphasis on protecting and respecting is still one of the

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very few places left in the UK where everything shuts in the sun and parks.

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You can't walk, you can't socially joke emotionally and hand washing in the sun and that's because washing is visible to your neighbours.

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So if you hang your hat making statements about the lack of respect to the community,

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to the people around you, and it's still the case that you can relax through to do that.

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So people take your washing down. And for many, that idea has become disconnection from religion.

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It's actually become about identification with you.

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And it's about communities as just fiercely protective, not of differences about wealth and success.

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Shetland is a wealthy island. It has a whole industry, but mostly it has a very large fishing industry and small island also,

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which is just washing schools that that's where the main fishing families are.

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And, you know, it's often said that they're be in the square mile, that anywhere else in the UK.

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And luckily for the fishermen, there are there are lots of myths and superstitions about shipping bad luck women to go fishing boats.

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So the wealth is just not evenly distributed. It is very much very gendered.

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Roles in operations is also true in the Western Isles when I was in those

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councils of course calling on in shear has 80 councillors and all of the men.

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So there's some very traditional gender roles which are being challenged, different degrees in both sides and shouldn't do this for employment.

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Workers come in to fish and come in to do that to the oil work.

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So it's much more cosmopolitan. And also there are pockets of deprivation, but the honest home has money.

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The roads are very good. Every line has a sprinkle of the salt, which the West Nile does not have.

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That corrupting still important.

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The meat industry is tourism, so seasonal is precarious and is having a detrimental effect on cages which are surviving with the season change.

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There's something interesting physically to think about, too,

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which is the West Nile has causeways between still only two areas to cross the whole stretch of smaller islands.

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The bottom of it have causeways between nations, and you can drive from one way to another and shut.

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And the other is separated by sea, a whole series of smaller islands.

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So they have physical boundaries and distinctive identities that see themselves as different.

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People see who's different, the market is different and there are real differences in organisation.

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To them that is complex. We try to like or fail to put up a side here.

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Both of them have about 30 to 50 people in a population and they're not on the national grid.

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They have no power after midnight, only get hit by planes or very significant fishing boats.

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And this is a picture for the airport, right?

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Yeah, that's true. And I'm also interesting is that there are is a thriving tourist information has been the subject of

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a BBC documentary further is described by all Shetland as broken as a [INAUDIBLE] ton of mad people.

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And what sums it up for me is that both parties have this incredible birdlife and nature and in particular you have

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these all these colonies are all excuse which composes and the chef and dialect the federal has capitalised on this.

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They're crazy Ben breakfast.

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But it's actually a major tourist destination and it further the only thing that you can buy the whole island is a stick to take the birds.

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And so the other things which I think is hopeful for this talk,

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is that I'm going to talk mainly about Shetland because something else about geography,

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because islands are separate ships, you can only get on and off and by ferries.

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So at night when the ferries stop the island, the castle, that's but secondly,

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what that means is that everyone knows where you will at some of the times because the ferry man has

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seen you since day one on the ferry man at get on the ferry and the scrutiny is incredibly intense.

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So ferry runs actually, I know every person, every child, every dock.

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And it's true where there is movement, movement, let's now switch places and checks so it can be incredibly complicated to live there.

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So just to give you an example, I went to the island palace first time one February in the dock to work with other people to work start.

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And I went and just had a chat with him and I a couple of about and I went back over a month later and I he was on fresh days.

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The only person you on the island originally for cottage was the water that was literally it.

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And by the evening he phoned me up to say his name and such in the exact words I see out his back on the island.

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And so you are saying, you know, let's see him and you have never before.

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So you are in this intensely exclusive.

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You have a significant thing about sharing because you you're much more cut off from the mainland in the Western Isles, you can see the mainland.

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So you have more reason. And I think that makes a difference to how I feel.

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I organise in some ways it's you know, it's really it's a nice remote.

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I know I can get to my mom's in the afternoon hours on the mainland early.

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So Shetland has really exaggerated dynamics, some of the issues to do with remote island.

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So maybe I talk about Shetland today just quickly study something about policing both.

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I was approached about 30 A in Shetland there's no specialist units or officers do anything from start to finish and there's also no custody staff,

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which is one of the biggest kind of issues. And so if you look someone out,

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we arrest someone at the office is taken off shift and that strongly affects their decision making looks is such you know you don't you you

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do not look to lock people up if you look out for being a bit of a think that's your whole shift and so people generally try and de-escalate.

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Most of the offices in both places are based in the town. Exactly.

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And that's to do with historical process of decentralisation.

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You know, generally in Shetland there's a one officer who works out of your thighs excessive a little bit in the Western Isles,

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which is partly to do with distance, but in combination miles long, but also wider.

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So. Social factors outside of policing has led the process of centralisation to be case.

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The biggest difference in policing? In the islands. In the Western Isles.

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For the officers, although those living in Shetland almost never feel transphobic.

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And again, that's because there's the tradition replacing in Shetland over the last few decades in

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one respect and pretty much right across the reasons which I will make clear today,

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officers don't know each other. Richie chilling group says no traffic station, radio station.

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So many have little stories about what it must be like. A lot of places which are really interesting.

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I do comment about loads for each of the Shetland officers study results and not so much isles on real time issues,

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which I think my question can impact on. So what I did is I spent most of my time just going on ships like the this,

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and I did this across different times of policing, across different seasons,

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which was very important because Shetland and Shetland in summer and there is a pattern

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that is a very different prospect from a night shift in Shetland and in December.

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So what that was. And across islands as well.

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Because of the terms of their report.

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I just got very early warning that we're relative to people living in a crystal ball in terms of the fact that they are considered urban centres,

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people who are found to be in a clean sheet, a relatively anonymous PCC like that too.

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So in one of the small islands in the Western Isles and the officers complaining about the story like these coming down here where you and I were,

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I think so much a piece of this is so honest and it'll make you say about small islands.

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And I also spent quite a lot of time just trying to understand what it's like to live and work in Shetland to look at the police.

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And I took on various ways. I, first of all thought what I would do is talk to people who are brought by the police or others to be problematic.

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I wanted to see what that was like, but actually it just became easy to take in my own communities as to the

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community councils so I could meet people there and just very easily snowballs.

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And you could put a social history lesson and importance to.

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One of the biggest stories was about some surprising things in politics at the upcoming Viking Festival,

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which is become a lightning rod in shouting violence and quite possible perpetrator festivals.

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And I was actually one of them, which is another story for a long time.

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And that insight was just fill me in, in chat.

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And it is without question too much the wonderful and extraordinary research I have had about and also without question,

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the hardest research in my book to experience intense loneliness and intense darkness and intense scrutiny.

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I talk about these dynamics in a minute, but for now I'll just say if you want to escape, you do not escape to remote areas.

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If you will just go to London, every moment of your life as a new person is observed.

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You watch through binoculars on you treaty. All this kind of quite a strange experience.

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So what this means is there is no stronger loneliness and that it is better not be.

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There's always the risk of exclusion and embarrassment.

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And this was not tied to a million degrees, I would think was a very useful process of learning how you become accepted into slightly,

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as you like, this top tier from where it was to do this yourself.

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The turning point for me was going to I lived in the South Mainland machete for a while and they had a weekly down to the local social hall,

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which I should also mention, of course, a community institution, their little shop.

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Sometimes there's a hall where you can have dance or drink or visit, a broken Chinese takeaway that comes about once a month.

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And in the summer, in the summer, a very strong culture volunteering.

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There's some big teams of people going that China now raise money, get £65.

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They will go towards building new something.

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And I thought if all any of us wanted to learn how to do these dances and there was a dance, we could dance.

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And I got very anxious about it because this was something for the community.

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I was on my own and I had to ask someone to dance with me,

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which meant that they weren't dancing with personnel which which could disrupt all kinds of relationships.

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The first time I went, I was so nervous. I just sat in my car and sweated and I couldn't go in.

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And the next week I just go in and I discovered you a this kind of grilling, I suppose.

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Well, you know, it was always the same way. You know, you want one holiday only if you know who you is.

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In other words, you just those who are going to take you out of the hospital because those are the kinds of issues and the old school incomes.

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But it was it was great because everywhere I went after that, I knew everybody because I dealt with.

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And so this is my biggest topic. You've lost yourself, you know now she to Boston.

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So that was kind of what the context the research was like.

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Gradually through this period, I learned how to piece together what communities work and how policing works within that.

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So I'm going to stop talking about some of the issues.

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So what it's like to be this social organisation audience and what I want to show you is this is to

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try and understand that this is really inextricable with the physical environment she touched on.

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Okay. So talking about remoteness, the first thing to say about the use of the word among us is that this is my externally imposed definition.

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There's a very strong theme in the work here about whether the islands are remote or not.

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So are you remote information. Amazon, are you remote if you have the people you love around you, here is what people talk about.

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I'm sitting in an extended family which is also expansive.

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Here are your remote. Remote.

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This is certainly not about being connected by sea, surrounded by sea.

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All the sea actually is a very strong sense of connectedness.

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Seafood boats to bring people, they bring animals.

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It gets interesting. Something happens, something new every day in the local newspapers.

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Sometimes they report with each other to come in. It's quite interesting.

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So when I was feeling very lonely, I would go down to the to the sea and the sea would come out and look at you.

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And you could take a walk. Just like dogs. And it's just.

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It's a very kind of connecting thing rather than a cutting off thing.

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Mostly. And remoteness is also a positive thing for many people.

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It's creative. It gives a sense of robustness and a sense of identity.

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So for many people, those who are struggling with a lot of transferees, for example, that's something that amount is not.

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So I think I've got a finals officer here who's a local saying people ask, What do you do?

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People can't imagine that given the fact that so many things, so many things that they need to happen, they really don't.

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Down, dirty, down. But you said you have to check on your relation with her dating someone new and her son is a strong, resilient kind of culture.

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It was supposedly coming in to talk about the nature of stops, people coming in that will come in.

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You can if someone is dead, if someone is fired from a job, for example,

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it's possible that they get some excellent asylum advice and some drugs coming in.

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Mostly, I saw problematic ideas coming in, pitching ideas about placement, about things.

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There is also a sense of separation, about being out of sight,

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which is a very loud people have a very powerful form of resistance, which is also very important.

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I'll show you a bit about policing. Remoteness is also fundamental in sheep realisation.

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So despite all of it and I think strongly probably felt expressions of positive stuff about race, it's also talking there in the background.

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And mostly the problem is about being stuck. It's very difficult to get the options.

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And that's not only because of the distance and because of the lack of transport, but about something physical where people live.

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And the reason it's difficult to plan and it gives people the sense of being stuck just because of the weather.

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So sometimes a way to mix it could be the best place to live or the worst place to live.

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The one thing that separates it is the weather. Now the islands where they are are subject to intense weather system.

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So 50 mile an hour winds is when people say we have a motion picture now, I'm also blown off my feet, passion to hang on to something.

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And they also have this black hole that comes down.

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And this is the weather is fundamentally important on the rocks.

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Floods get cancelled very sail boat people can't travel on.

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And that's where you want to see your family or what this terrific food to Tesco's Tescos the main supermarket and see whether it's any other

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officers coming to support you will actually laugh and turn back whether you get isolated otherwise space you don't have any mobile phone signal,

300
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police radios that are strictly handcuffs and that really reinforces people's sense of being somewhere like stuck like this,

301
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stuck out of the North Sea is a feeling of remoteness.

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And what became particularly important about this I want just talk about this now because I'm picking up at the end is darkness became important.

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Everybody talks about the islands and officers talk about the crossroads.

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Actually, you say, you know, there are no street parking space in a fine fashion house and it is pitch black.

305
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You cannot see anything. Shetland is shut and be completely blocked off and I never experienced darkness

306
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like it's the only time sustained by a child actually frightened of the dog.

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And again, that reinforces that this is not the same people who is exactly the same adult here.

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There is less. And so this is a way, I think.

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Just mention this now that this is a way in which the environment tells people about where they are and why this is important.

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Policing is that there is a constant uncertainty about how they work is very likely to be shrouded

311
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in a lot of people trying to find your licence and saying something like Without notice,

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I don't know what's coming, so I don't understand for people who don't have a support.

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Something happens. It's just us. We don't have any place else to show this stuff anyway.

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Remote. And there's also a theme that I appreciate, which is about being not just being physically stuff, but about being able to be Scotland.

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I was struck and understood that no one understands what it's like for us.

316
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And inevitably, it shapes the way officers work, kind of de-escalation of a natural and community connection to get stuck to this conclusion,

317
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strong relationships, this sort of combat policing and that.

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And what we're saying is also shaped communities.

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What this means to communities is that relationships, the cohesion cautions that communities are not potentially somebody's ordinary life,

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which means they're very interdependent and they're very vulnerable to disruption.

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So showing forces is not necessarily someone's kinship.

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And so I think dynamics in those people, perhaps the first thing people told me everywhere I went in shopping is you have to be careful what you say.

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So people are always going to be living with people for a long time.

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She really heard what she called aggressive research and found no opinions because, you know, you can't get away from them.

325
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And what people do is they form very finely grain, much more social connections to know what you can say to people,

326
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so and so, especially to say it's mostly folk, which means who shows up.

327
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And you might say, I'm shocked when you say my mother's grave.

328
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My uncle and colleagues were garage and my kind of slotting usual Mac and you realise they know who you are and what you can say, what you can't say.

329
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I mean, I was very interested by the amount of fancy dress and all the politics where everyone gets drunk and travel around the island.

330
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I think the fancy dress is important because it allows people to see what she can take away from this description a lot.

331
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So this kind of sense of urgency that she brings about wearing a story that

332
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people want to encompass immigration to the place where everybody coming in,

333
00:35:23,940 --> 00:35:27,870
which is true and this isn't because hostility.

334
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So the people on poles incredibly warm, friendly communities.

335
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It's about saying how are you going to feel like are you going to disrupt this community?

336
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So the question asked about newcomers and even the police, particularly with transferees coming in, is what are you running away from?

337
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Why am I here? And all that means is what is the proper line to anticipate that these people might disrupt the dynamic that came to light?

338
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And of course, there are some community figures who are more potentially disruptive,

339
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that office and this, of course, includes police or don't always a policeman.

340
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The shepherd of a woman is a white woman.

341
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And so she got a woman seeing a police officer who just got in a rush.

342
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Policeman. So I suppose my little thing.

343
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And of course, because communities are isolated, having to fight in woodworking,

344
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because I'm interested in what's happening and also as well as working out what doesn't.

345
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Potential threats. Interesting.

346
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Someone said to be so malicious, someone said to me, you know, we don't know Rosie, which is newsy, which I think is probably about right.

347
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And I'm it's a hard place to have secrets.

348
00:36:46,830 --> 00:36:50,159
I was told people touch this, by the way, just off of birdwatching,

349
00:36:50,160 --> 00:36:56,710
which I thought we were actually looking at a call you did a which is basically calling you does not increase numbers.

350
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So there's a lot of gossip and there's a lot of exaggeration.

351
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So, no, I was police officer said when he first arrived she realised that he needed to

352
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reinforce the relationships and audits of previous even permission postings.

353
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No, to go back to the old regime people with that kind of posture.

354
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And I saw I was sitting on this quiet kind of history of of conflict.

355
00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:28,170
And and so he knew he really ought to tell you why she chose to be the case to be there.

356
00:37:28,190 --> 00:37:33,159
So he went into the decision. He's talking to an excuse. He said really exciting things.

357
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The six officers apply for my job. And the next day he was told by a neighbour who 67 officers were.

358
00:37:41,460 --> 00:37:45,640
So there is a general phrase which is you aren't in some relationships.

359
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So by the time you get to this, which is to say that it's not that this is just the way this works.

360
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And if you do things that you will never you'll never be allowed to forget because I have no memories.

361
00:37:58,170 --> 00:38:03,300
So I was told about the time a fisherman was stabbed a few years ago, a few years ago, in 1981.

362
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And this is the kind of story I think this is funny.

363
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And islanders laugh at this, too. So it isn't of to mock that.

364
00:38:11,970 --> 00:38:16,950
This is genuinely something which I think is hilarious what I wish I was functionary about.

365
00:38:17,460 --> 00:38:22,200
And again, like I said, it's not malicious, but regardless, it's a very,

366
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very powerful tool of social control and it's reinforced by two central features of shutting up.

367
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And the first is the Shutdown Times.

368
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Now, in order, 23,000 people now to newspapers and three radio stations just about shut and efficient and fines is is extraordinary

369
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list in excruciating detail every misdemeanour of every week so things like word for word what's said in court.

370
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The sheriff says he read it to find out more.

371
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He said that in the district and they are blocking the patio walking ceremony,

372
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which is actually a ceremony for we're supposed to be up, knows how to do a lot of things.

373
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But actually what it's about establishing personal happiness is a film.

374
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This is a film.

375
00:39:16,680 --> 00:39:25,170
That's very shocking that people are rushing to seek HIV, AIDS and in dialect lists all the embarrassing things that happened in the treaty.

376
00:39:25,230 --> 00:39:34,380
But I'm just glad she finally sort of jokes and offers as apology to the social work teams of men in fancy dress of sorts.

377
00:39:34,680 --> 00:39:44,479
Well, actual sketches about these guys do something wrong, but only on a ten foot high billboard and 20 men in fancy dress would dress up this year.

378
00:39:44,480 --> 00:39:53,930
And we don't have Donald Trump. All right. So it's just funny that they can do something wrong, even if you notice an exaggerated knowledge.

379
00:39:54,420 --> 00:39:59,370
And their stories aren't going anywhere. So this is you spend this, too.

380
00:39:59,700 --> 00:40:06,840
So just kind of the next question, which I'm thinking about, which is what is the role of the police in a system like this?

381
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Now, mostly, I just hope the idea is that this has been a really interesting thing to observe.

382
00:40:18,360 --> 00:40:22,769
There are lots of demonstrations of showing the police officer that the power is on.

383
00:40:22,770 --> 00:40:27,059
The argument is that so this is just a collective failure.

384
00:40:27,060 --> 00:40:35,100
It's a lot of small blocks goes into as we go into one of the hotels and soldiers and

385
00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:40,500
officers you know issues the hotel manager and she says a few doors are being blown open.

386
00:40:40,500 --> 00:40:52,220
The military licensed 14 officers let me go away and search I reported it eventually then says yeah what happens in the audience stays on.

387
00:40:52,560 --> 00:40:57,090
If we can find it, we will know what's out. And you know, so I'm not asking for help.

388
00:40:57,900 --> 00:41:03,290
So it's a very interesting little kind of moment when the idea to say this is what to do.

389
00:41:03,870 --> 00:41:08,099
There's a kind of a game. Sometimes a slight police officer leaves the island.

390
00:41:08,100 --> 00:41:12,470
The very man who sold his house and say, that's the officer of the owner on several occasions.

391
00:41:13,770 --> 00:41:21,569
When you are shooting with these operations, you get on the ferry, someone will send a photograph to the islanders.

392
00:41:21,570 --> 00:41:26,390
WhatsApp chats. I'm saying police are coming and there's actually an officer from one of the small island.

393
00:41:26,400 --> 00:41:29,650
She went on the WhatsApp chat. Thank you all herself.

394
00:41:29,650 --> 00:41:36,450
Bye bye. So he's coming. So it's a very kind of kind of okay, we'll dance and play with each other.

395
00:41:36,960 --> 00:41:46,200
Now, the police all wanted to him on a decision, so we will have to do it more generally.

396
00:41:46,530 --> 00:41:50,370
I mean, there is crime that needs to police. Sometimes it's a very serious crime.

397
00:41:50,970 --> 00:41:57,150
And more generally, the police are then a symbol of state authority as a potential they have the potential for positive intervention.

398
00:41:58,260 --> 00:42:00,790
In other words, just to keep people normal just by being there.

399
00:42:01,550 --> 00:42:07,410
So essentially, every time you are keeping a lid on a can of worms, we increased presence and that is too much.

400
00:42:07,410 --> 00:42:18,660
It just is a presence. However, this is acceptable only within a very tight constraints or set of conditions.

401
00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:27,660
So like any small community is worried about going out what they want, if any new arrival to come and settle.

402
00:42:28,410 --> 00:42:33,930
So what you want is the story about this whole process was to to that's appreciated.

403
00:42:34,290 --> 00:42:36,540
And I want to integrate royalty also.

404
00:42:36,540 --> 00:42:44,850
But also I want to ask you to particularly want kids to keep some of these really important things for community.

405
00:42:45,810 --> 00:42:55,500
But there is one there is some things on successful communities feel burdened by past experiences.

406
00:42:55,500 --> 00:43:04,680
Police, particularly in that round of punishment postings, they to tackle what is a sleepy island group about which didn't integrate properly.

407
00:43:05,550 --> 00:43:12,270
So the risk if officers get this wrong is a withdrawal of consent.

408
00:43:13,120 --> 00:43:20,609
Now the with of people coming in and trying to change isolation should be and that's not it saying

409
00:43:20,610 --> 00:43:25,790
that now this isn't generally by violence like you are seeing because of consent elsewhere.

410
00:43:25,890 --> 00:43:33,300
It's not impossible. I was told about 30 years ago and it was due to obviously in this little station of power in the south,

411
00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:40,990
it's just that averages were fabricated inside the precession, angry at the seizure of the home.

412
00:43:41,010 --> 00:43:44,820
I can't tell you that that is actually happening a lot. It's a good story.

413
00:43:45,330 --> 00:43:49,920
I was in Shetland and elsewhere. The Western Isles actions must be much more than that.

414
00:43:50,250 --> 00:43:58,610
What happens is frozen out. So if they are watching, this is on the chopping block.

415
00:43:58,720 --> 00:44:07,110
They were tortured, even the Supreme Court. The only the only social institution only has there was even a shop.

416
00:44:07,110 --> 00:44:14,920
They were torture. Some people treated that. Now, if you are a police officer, that makes it very difficult for you to go.

417
00:44:15,320 --> 00:44:22,180
People coming up around you. But also, you have to manage hostility in everyday life and your family, too.

418
00:44:22,730 --> 00:44:30,740
She interviewed a couple of the small island in Shetland who was made who had been brought in as the chef tonight.

419
00:44:31,100 --> 00:44:35,569
They have been very unwelcoming to every social situation and an island of 50 people.

420
00:44:35,570 --> 00:44:41,210
That's a very uncomfortable place. It was felt very clearly by officers as well.

421
00:44:41,750 --> 00:44:52,720
And I think that their case is. So this is an officer in a small industry in the Western US say almost every call I go to a lot of people.

422
00:44:53,020 --> 00:44:57,009
Some are actually conscious of how you do with everything. You're actually very conscious.

423
00:44:57,010 --> 00:45:01,110
Your reputation on the line on the mainland, you could be shorter than the public,

424
00:45:01,130 --> 00:45:10,590
possibly because the volume of people that you can be reached at once you reach it no matter how charged or you have to put life service on.

425
00:45:10,780 --> 00:45:14,260
Not only affects my reputation, but my wife's as well.

426
00:45:15,790 --> 00:45:20,770
So this environment creates a very kind of particular set of dynamics,

427
00:45:20,890 --> 00:45:28,720
and there are real differences in the way that officers behave to the way that they behave in city centres.

428
00:45:29,230 --> 00:45:35,410
Some do incredibly well transparent. They leave the local station with a duty, for example.

429
00:45:35,420 --> 00:45:40,209
They often are not on duty. They say, okay, tell me what you want me to know.

430
00:45:40,210 --> 00:45:44,230
Don't tell me things you don't want me to know to navigate their way through this.

431
00:45:44,770 --> 00:45:54,820
And people also talk about de-escalation and just just because you want to get stuff out of the way, conscious of these other looks in the background.

432
00:45:55,570 --> 00:46:02,530
So it's about keeping relationships calm and about forging strong community relationships.

433
00:46:02,530 --> 00:46:10,130
So I think this idea that this is about policing by consent is a really interesting one because it asks the question, what's happening in Gaza?

434
00:46:10,150 --> 00:46:14,080
We're at war where these officers actually come from. How do they understand the issue?

435
00:46:14,590 --> 00:46:19,480
So I think what they're trying to catch is some of the kind of fragility of our relationships.

436
00:46:20,080 --> 00:46:26,140
Now, I would much space here to talk about what policing becomes in so many conflicts.

437
00:46:26,940 --> 00:46:34,540
First of all, I think this is community policing, not as we understand it from classic case studies, which I just love.

438
00:46:35,740 --> 00:46:41,350
This isn't what you think about the famous crucifix interventions, you know.

439
00:46:42,700 --> 00:46:46,870
So this is actually something much bigger. It's about being there, being a presence.

440
00:46:46,870 --> 00:46:51,970
So what you see, unless you're actually lost, which is problematic.

441
00:46:52,510 --> 00:47:00,430
But secondly is this is a much more fragile idea of police power than in classic case studies talk about.

442
00:47:00,970 --> 00:47:07,490
So this is not so much about avoiding always coming out of the service and so on,

443
00:47:07,510 --> 00:47:15,370
which is that so there's something much more precarious here as a kind of mutual negotiation of order.

444
00:47:15,970 --> 00:47:20,740
And it seems to me that actually what people have been describing a much more cooperative

445
00:47:20,740 --> 00:47:25,810
work by is folks building how relationships in prison and how we can shape those.

446
00:47:26,770 --> 00:47:36,650
But certainly, as we come back now to discussions of culture, all the ways that officers try to negotiate these issues,

447
00:47:36,670 --> 00:47:40,570
do they reflect something substantially different orientation?

448
00:47:41,020 --> 00:47:45,600
Are they simply a set, an adaptive strategy to cope their environment?

449
00:47:45,970 --> 00:47:50,350
Or do these environments produce a different way of thinking about policing?

450
00:47:50,890 --> 00:47:59,270
And I think this is really quite complicated going on here, and I am starting to think about this as I argue.

451
00:47:59,710 --> 00:48:06,430
And so the way I start to use audience is an awful lot of context as the place where this happens,

452
00:48:06,430 --> 00:48:13,330
but it's a conceptual lens as well and a way of thinking about variation, complexity and police culture.

453
00:48:14,680 --> 00:48:21,130
One of the things that we miss in the work that we do about police cultures, the policing patterns people track,

454
00:48:21,760 --> 00:48:24,130
they transfer in and out to very different areas,

455
00:48:24,280 --> 00:48:29,950
which I think is coping now with officers transferring from Central Coast, which is entirely to islands,

456
00:48:30,250 --> 00:48:38,799
and moving backwards and forwards to courses and and ideas about policing travel to always Salisbury struck by the way that the

457
00:48:38,800 --> 00:48:46,750
officers from the mainland used to come down the road and down the road sometimes means and sometimes it means these things.

458
00:48:46,750 --> 00:48:54,899
Sometimes it's police jumping, but it implies a kind of connectedness to some complex kind of nomadic experience.

459
00:48:54,900 --> 00:49:00,100
So these doctors in Shetland, all in a strange position of kind of been down the road 200 miles by sea.

460
00:49:00,580 --> 00:49:05,750
And I found this concept developed out of a very helpful that's been used in island studies

461
00:49:05,750 --> 00:49:10,300
to get more now to move away from traditional binaries in the way people approach that.

462
00:49:10,330 --> 00:49:19,330
I can see those islands it shows kind of flows and interconnectedness between so it draws the attention of people

463
00:49:19,330 --> 00:49:26,590
using it to draw attention to a kind of fluidity of cultural processes and this idea of a natural process.

464
00:49:26,860 --> 00:49:32,169
So the way that ideas or cultural language changes and takes on a slightly different inflection,

465
00:49:32,170 --> 00:49:40,180
each new place it travels so is not straightforward, claiming a convergence in its own terms.

466
00:49:41,140 --> 00:49:45,310
And it doesn't mean, of course, that traditional cultural context doesn't exist.

467
00:49:46,260 --> 00:49:53,390
And so I think there's a process of change and transition as officers, again, choose new environments.

468
00:49:53,780 --> 00:50:03,680
It's something very soft. And all you can do by seeing this kind of process change and travel is the cool idea of policing all the thing that remains.

469
00:50:04,280 --> 00:50:10,520
And I think that's a very interesting also this is kind of is capable of any ordinance,

470
00:50:11,090 --> 00:50:17,150
which is this is one of the most pressing things that Police Scotland has done.

471
00:50:17,840 --> 00:50:21,760
As I discovered through this research, it's changed how people think about location.

472
00:50:21,770 --> 00:50:24,910
It's and this is how people talk about this.

473
00:50:26,160 --> 00:50:35,980
So it was it was it was imposing an enforcement culture that takes more use of the searches across the country.

474
00:50:36,740 --> 00:50:43,850
And in a way, it's actually politics, but it's out of support from people saying for Scotland to take on terrorism.

475
00:50:44,180 --> 00:50:52,350
And they try to go against Scotland. It's kind of sex based, actually told to set up stops within a couple of locations higher.

476
00:50:53,750 --> 00:50:58,100
So it's entirely about the functions and story about the islands and some of

477
00:50:58,100 --> 00:51:03,150
the reasons why people that they went to was to get away from the story more.

478
00:51:03,290 --> 00:51:07,730
This can't happen here. It would be ridiculous in this context.

479
00:51:08,180 --> 00:51:13,820
So can you imagine being a cop in the UK whatsoever?

480
00:51:14,120 --> 00:51:18,740
Well, I just know she said, well, you know, someone said, you know,

481
00:51:19,040 --> 00:51:25,760
it could just be all crossing because how can you get out because you know that funny.

482
00:51:26,300 --> 00:51:31,910
And this is one of the ways which remoteness helps resistance stops things coming in and.

483
00:51:34,000 --> 00:51:40,000
That's not true. However, what police Scotland would stop this would be nothing destructive.

484
00:51:40,570 --> 00:51:49,660
It has changed the conceptual vocabulary about thinking about policing to remove any other idea of what a productive officer looks like.

485
00:51:50,290 --> 00:52:00,470
So officers who want to be promoted in L.A. want to show that doing a good job still wants to try and get tickets, never mind doing it.

486
00:52:00,650 --> 00:52:12,480
Otherwise, it looks like it's sitting on your ass all day. No other way of showing that they're busy and they don't like the fact that they want to

487
00:52:12,620 --> 00:52:17,149
do something which is very cute and rational so that folks want me to do the volume.

488
00:52:17,150 --> 00:52:21,130
The transfer is like, you should do it like management. I think it should happen.

489
00:52:21,640 --> 00:52:26,110
But even the rational people deny they have to do it. Never, never.

490
00:52:26,170 --> 00:52:29,680
Never, never. Never, never. Usually busy.

491
00:52:30,040 --> 00:52:33,309
What's significant is that this is how you show your busy days.

492
00:52:33,310 --> 00:52:38,710
You show people, take a stance on your work.

493
00:52:39,910 --> 00:52:45,430
And this is such a powerful idea. There's this travel feel and it's not a simple reproduction.

494
00:52:46,180 --> 00:52:57,610
I think it does change and it changes because I think this is the nickname close proximity with community changes for those officers.

495
00:52:57,610 --> 00:53:02,680
Think about the people they encounter, which is in Paris and not just justice.

496
00:53:03,370 --> 00:53:08,170
What I do is they give officers a sense of the whole person.

497
00:53:08,290 --> 00:53:12,160
They don't just see someone every couple that in a city,

498
00:53:12,490 --> 00:53:17,550
but you see people in and out of different stages of their lives taking drugs, issues, getting better.

499
00:53:17,560 --> 00:53:27,549
You have that violence. So I was struck by a story and obviously for me, dealing with a man who has taken psychoactive drugs 60 years doing that,

500
00:53:27,550 --> 00:53:30,640
whereas when one of them is starting their face,

501
00:53:30,640 --> 00:53:37,160
his magic came down for this one is trying to take on what they should do and the next day looks

502
00:53:37,300 --> 00:53:43,660
so small like that you walk around sort of like this is kind of classic piece of property.

503
00:53:44,140 --> 00:53:49,480
You expect this person to be highly stigmatised. And this is how the officers talk about this.

504
00:53:51,130 --> 00:53:56,320
He's really nice. Let's see what you got. Karachi slot machine is known for an inexpensive.

505
00:53:57,010 --> 00:54:00,790
What's interesting about that is it shows you after the event we still see.

506
00:54:00,790 --> 00:54:09,690
Have you still? No. Yes. And I think that's really significant because it seems to create a sense of understanding and empathy of the whole process,

507
00:54:09,700 --> 00:54:11,290
not just that you will see them again.

508
00:54:11,440 --> 00:54:20,850
You get much more quickly should this appreciation of what's described as that knowledge in the place, people could be your family?

509
00:54:20,890 --> 00:54:24,160
Oh, most definitely. You have to think and look for your mom or dad.

510
00:54:24,160 --> 00:54:35,290
You own she your brother. So you you've seen them through their life and very interesting kind of empathy and sensitivity.

511
00:54:35,620 --> 00:54:37,750
Officers have been wanting to support people.

512
00:54:39,430 --> 00:54:49,450
And what struck me most of all was, well, I just want to just discussed in person specifically saying I've seen and respect the difficulty.

513
00:54:49,900 --> 00:54:54,130
And it just seemed to me that this is unfortunately underpinning or a different way of thinking about you.

514
00:54:55,420 --> 00:54:58,570
And what this means is the enforcement culture, this type of.

515
00:54:59,620 --> 00:55:03,819
But I don't think it's a simple coding or reproduction. There's no joy in giving.

516
00:55:03,820 --> 00:55:06,970
At least it's just got a very subtle, different inflection.

517
00:55:07,560 --> 00:55:11,020
What do people do? I have to get up and get out in front.

518
00:55:11,560 --> 00:55:22,450
They have reluctantly and unhappily and and so all have been numerous calls where we caught the speeder and we've given out ticket and

519
00:55:22,490 --> 00:55:30,940
it was such an awful which is quite a terrible location is reluctant to say she was so terrible but I can't tell you that it was awful.

520
00:55:32,140 --> 00:55:38,620
And this is a kind of very subtle change, but I don't think that's unimportant.

521
00:55:40,810 --> 00:55:48,370
So there is another kind of aspect of culture here, which is a huge new cultural phenomenon to take somewhere like this.

522
00:55:49,180 --> 00:55:55,950
In other words, if we were starting from scratch and thinking about the place from which we noticed,

523
00:55:55,990 --> 00:55:59,200
it shapes the way officers think and how they act.

524
00:55:59,290 --> 00:56:06,639
This is the final bit I wish talk about one of the most challenging.

525
00:56:06,640 --> 00:56:14,380
What is thinking about these passages is thinking that's not very, very rich without any humanity.

526
00:56:15,430 --> 00:56:22,480
But as you move through significance in everyday life and come to and you have these dramatic changes of light,

527
00:56:22,900 --> 00:56:27,630
you have the extraordinary phenomena, you have sunsets, flames and so on.

528
00:56:28,040 --> 00:56:31,340
This is a special privilege to own.

529
00:56:32,180 --> 00:56:39,649
And no matter whether you have stores or folks mails, I don't think this is just scenery pleasing.

530
00:56:39,650 --> 00:56:46,070
I think this is a fundamental part of the system. So, for example,

531
00:56:46,070 --> 00:56:54,740
we came about because we get to see country towns and cities and villages and we think about this connection to people's lives on the ground.

532
00:56:54,740 --> 00:57:02,180
And you can see danger. And when you move something like this, other parts of experience supposed to become unpredictable,

533
00:57:02,450 --> 00:57:06,770
fundamental in the way this is structured, what they do, particularly the weather.

534
00:57:08,030 --> 00:57:12,760
If I change variable weather changes, I'm not going to get it.

535
00:57:12,770 --> 00:57:16,820
So I'm not going to take this very, very simple things like that.

536
00:57:17,750 --> 00:57:22,550
But it's much more significant. It changes in the moving activities of what people do.

537
00:57:23,360 --> 00:57:29,830
So an exact story and place in at least most areas is that the moon has a direct effect to the public.

538
00:57:30,440 --> 00:57:36,349
And this is one of the ways that which slowly precession but often is okay.

539
00:57:36,350 --> 00:57:45,320
You can use that outside notions of space, knowledge, tracking stars, and you can trace for that reason that over you can see the lights.

540
00:57:46,130 --> 00:57:49,570
But it also affects the way that offices understand where they are.

541
00:57:49,760 --> 00:57:54,710
And in particular, they sense remoteness when it's dark and it's cloud cover.

542
00:57:55,630 --> 00:58:02,870
I'll just talk about of it oppressive and I language roads and because of it and they vote on areas

543
00:58:02,870 --> 00:58:09,499
because they feel they avoid areas which are a or supposedly because they colourless if you like

544
00:58:09,500 --> 00:58:16,100
right and I see any colours these craters so I hate the stripe officers talk about colour a lot it's

545
00:58:16,100 --> 00:58:23,929
a very common part where they talk about the damage around them and that this idea of darkness,

546
00:58:23,930 --> 00:58:28,370
darkness giving you an existential sense of being alone.

547
00:58:28,940 --> 00:58:32,090
I felt like I was being swallowed by the idea of this.

548
00:58:32,180 --> 00:58:34,970
And politically that is central to this.

549
00:58:35,000 --> 00:58:44,060
Nothing becomes a fundamental part of that experience destruction perception in a way of just think about what's in it.

550
00:58:46,100 --> 00:58:48,950
So I think this is more than just scenery.

551
00:58:48,950 --> 00:58:54,500
I think it makes up the background really the way offices think about their work and people the place where they are.

552
00:58:54,620 --> 00:59:02,779
So I just went on to point out the first is the reason I think that we have some limitations conceptually.

553
00:59:02,780 --> 00:59:05,959
How do we think about this? This is about the environment.

554
00:59:05,960 --> 00:59:11,310
It's not about people upstairs, but it's not about the place as we think about criminology,

555
00:59:11,330 --> 00:59:15,680
so about observing or moving around space, it's about participation.

556
00:59:15,830 --> 00:59:24,680
This is a visual experience, but I think the closest where people come to describe this, which makes sense to me, is social anthropology.

557
00:59:24,680 --> 00:59:29,110
What you talk about emplacement. Well, you don't use it to talk about water,

558
00:59:29,120 --> 00:59:37,420
for example I no that's not a conscious call to invoke very interestingly talks about the experience of life as an experience of being.

559
00:59:37,630 --> 00:59:40,670
He says it's about body, other people lives the world.

560
00:59:41,210 --> 00:59:44,390
And I wonder whether, you know, one of the reasons why the sky and the like,

561
00:59:44,390 --> 00:59:49,520
the darkness is so affecting, so important is because it's an experience to be alive.

562
00:59:50,420 --> 00:59:57,500
You know, in any case, I think this is something more than thinking about space finding more generally.

563
00:59:58,220 --> 01:00:04,540
What this suggests to me is that this is really a project about chronology. And what interests me in my own category is images.

564
01:00:05,000 --> 01:00:12,710
So why do we not notice those parts of experience that is repeated winter sky, meaning that this is like self and what it means to be in,

565
01:00:13,370 --> 01:00:18,230
particularly where they seem to be so important to the organisation of community and social control.

566
01:00:18,650 --> 01:00:25,250
And I think this could be due to our own experience in the environment in which most of us think a lot of research.

567
01:00:25,640 --> 01:00:31,090
And what I think it shows is that our thinking is criminologist is structured by space, even though we're not basically.