1 00:00:05,530 --> 00:00:11,320 Well, good afternoon, everybody, and welcome back to day two of the Oxford Summit 2021, 2 00:00:11,320 --> 00:00:18,460 and I hope that some of you arrived early and took advantage of the excellent networking system Hopkins got. 3 00:00:18,460 --> 00:00:25,900 I had to go to yesterday and it was great to see so many people around and have some great short, 4 00:00:25,900 --> 00:00:37,150 slightly random, but really interesting conversations. So yesterday you'll recall we talked about the catalysts for innovation in the crisis. 5 00:00:37,150 --> 00:00:44,680 It was a really rich conversation, just looking back at what's been going on and how we've all reacted to the pandemic. 6 00:00:44,680 --> 00:00:49,120 We had speakers from Samsung Health and from Kimberly-Clark talking about the way 7 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:55,390 that companies have pivoted and focussed on shared goals and driven innovation. 8 00:00:55,390 --> 00:00:59,530 We talk quite a lot about some of the changes and the things that we were able to do, 9 00:00:59,530 --> 00:01:07,570 and we started speculating about what we could preserve in terms of increased cooperation and what might lead to new changes. 10 00:01:07,570 --> 00:01:14,580 So yes, reflecting on yesterday, we're moving into today looking at the present situation. 11 00:01:14,580 --> 00:01:18,520 And of course, we know these are partnerships between universities, industries and government. 12 00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:23,050 So we're going to explore a bit more of the policy layer of that conversation. 13 00:01:23,050 --> 00:01:29,740 And of course, tomorrow we're turning to future inevitable crises and thinking about sustainability. 14 00:01:29,740 --> 00:01:35,560 So this is the story arc of the three days, but I'm not here to chat today. 15 00:01:35,560 --> 00:01:45,400 I'm going to introduce Joe Marshall, who's the CEO of the National Centre for Universities and Business, and he is going to chair day two. 16 00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:50,170 So I look forward to catch you in catching you all in networking later or perhaps a session. 17 00:01:50,170 --> 00:01:54,460 But for now, I will hand over to Joe. Thanks, Joe. 18 00:01:54,460 --> 00:02:01,210 Thank you, Bill, and welcome to day two of the conference and it gives me great pleasure to be here. 19 00:02:01,210 --> 00:02:09,760 And certainly as an organisation that is, you know, excited, animated by all elements of university business collaboration, 20 00:02:09,760 --> 00:02:18,310 I think this is a fantastic summit that is bringing together the kind of classic elements of the Triple Helix Universe and government, 21 00:02:18,310 --> 00:02:23,590 and it still has already said today really is about that government perspective. 22 00:02:23,590 --> 00:02:27,250 But I think also, I think it's if yesterday could be characterised. 23 00:02:27,250 --> 00:02:34,990 We had some very rich debates and discussions, both from the keynotes Q&A and into the breakout sessions about how we have reacted, 24 00:02:34,990 --> 00:02:42,310 how we have responded to a very seismic event in the pandemic in the last year and how we have pivoted, 25 00:02:42,310 --> 00:02:48,580 how we have adapted, how we've seen used those opportunities. But invariably we have reacted against something. 26 00:02:48,580 --> 00:02:57,310 Today's session isn't necessarily just so focussed on governments and what their policy drivers are, but it is about, 27 00:02:57,310 --> 00:03:03,280 I think, what is a really interesting inflexion point that was already taking place before the pandemic. 28 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:09,580 Clearly, many governments around the world are looking to think about how they seise the opportunities, 29 00:03:09,580 --> 00:03:16,270 unlock the potential, capitalise on the ideas, the inventiveness, 30 00:03:16,270 --> 00:03:22,420 the innovations that are being developed, and genuinely look at both what impact they can have economically, 31 00:03:22,420 --> 00:03:28,210 societally, but to their respective communities across their countries. 32 00:03:28,210 --> 00:03:34,450 So many countries around the world are thinking in these very ambitious terms about science and innovation. 33 00:03:34,450 --> 00:03:39,430 And it gives me great pleasure to set up today's session, but not only what are those ambitions, 34 00:03:39,430 --> 00:03:45,430 but what are those opportunities for greater collaboration internationally with many partners? 35 00:03:45,430 --> 00:03:52,540 Ideas, inventions, innovations are not in the same are very intangible and therefore they're not bound by 36 00:03:52,540 --> 00:03:57,610 trade tariffs in the same way or they're not bound by kind of physical being rooted. 37 00:03:57,610 --> 00:04:04,450 They are often embedded in people, they're often embedded in the networks and the communities that we are part of part of. 38 00:04:04,450 --> 00:04:14,440 And so really international collaboration is that kind of a key driver for many ideas about how these ideas are translated and capitalised upon? 39 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:21,640 And so when we look at today's session with the likes of, we've got to have two speakers, one from the U.K., one from the US, 40 00:04:21,640 --> 00:04:26,050 who will set both the ambitions of their respective governments, 41 00:04:26,050 --> 00:04:33,610 half in terms of how how they look to utilise and opportunities for science and innovation. 42 00:04:33,610 --> 00:04:41,800 But also, I think look at those speakers won't get into the political winds of the last few years, 43 00:04:41,800 --> 00:04:49,210 but they will talk about certainly both those relatively new administrations, certainly in the US, very, very new. 44 00:04:49,210 --> 00:04:58,300 But certainly in the UK, a relatively new administration that clearly both and both have significantly put science in innovation, 45 00:04:58,300 --> 00:05:05,100 not as bit part of that policy drivers on policy priorities, but actually science and innovation all. 46 00:05:05,100 --> 00:05:15,690 Critical parts, not just to the recovery of these economies, but also in terms of often both repositioning or refocusing economies around technology, 47 00:05:15,690 --> 00:05:23,340 around innovation, around advanced advances in a number of different fields. 48 00:05:23,340 --> 00:05:29,130 And clearly and we will we will hear from both speakers today about what those mean. 49 00:05:29,130 --> 00:05:36,990 I would just like, though, and there's a kind of famous African proverb that you, you know, you will get faster travel. 50 00:05:36,990 --> 00:05:42,510 You will guess you can go faster travelling alone, but you can go further working with some together. 51 00:05:42,510 --> 00:05:50,070 And I think one of the things that I think we will talk about in the breakout sessions is that in order for us to realise these ambitions, 52 00:05:50,070 --> 00:05:56,910 one of the things that we do need to work through is how do we achieve these collaborations internationally? 53 00:05:56,910 --> 00:06:05,670 There are fantastic opportunities and the greater international collaboration, but there are also challenges and both governments recognise that. 54 00:06:05,670 --> 00:06:07,170 And certainly in the UK. 55 00:06:07,170 --> 00:06:16,080 The Integrated Review talks about some of the challenges of international collaboration, but also, you know, and so the US has similar policy drivers. 56 00:06:16,080 --> 00:06:20,070 But we do need to think through what are the sort of opportunities as well as challenges 57 00:06:20,070 --> 00:06:24,000 like provocation to the audience today is that when we get into the breakout groups, 58 00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:30,880 we really think about both the opportunities and the challenges because I know many policymakers want to see more of this happen. 59 00:06:30,880 --> 00:06:35,490 And what we want to try and do is provide some really interesting insights in that regard. 60 00:06:35,490 --> 00:06:42,630 So I will not hog the floor any further. It is my great pleasure to start this keynote sessions this afternoon by introducing the 61 00:06:42,630 --> 00:06:50,250 chief executive of the UK research and innovation autoline took over relatively recently. 62 00:06:50,250 --> 00:06:55,080 This may feel she's been there for a lifetime, or she might feel she's only been there for two minutes. 63 00:06:55,080 --> 00:07:01,020 So is an extinct distinguished researcher and academic in her own right, certainly in the life sciences work, 64 00:07:01,020 --> 00:07:06,030 and certainly had a pivotal role at the University of Cambridge and has had a number of 65 00:07:06,030 --> 00:07:10,560 senior positions in terms of fellowships at the Royal Society and other organisations. 66 00:07:10,560 --> 00:07:17,140 Has also an affiliation with the US National Academy of Sciences and I'm sure will provide some very fantastic 67 00:07:17,140 --> 00:07:23,790 and rich insights about the ambitions and the policy drivers for UK research and innovation in this space. 68 00:07:23,790 --> 00:07:29,020 So I will now pass over to utterly. Thank you very much. 69 00:07:29,020 --> 00:07:39,520 It's really a pleasure to to be here, albeit virtually, and have this opportunity to contribute to a really interesting discussion, 70 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:50,020 as has been introduced about the role of research and innovation in economies, societies around the world. 71 00:07:50,020 --> 00:07:58,930 Actually, what I want to start with on on the the next slide is not the policy of the UK government, 72 00:07:58,930 --> 00:08:08,770 but rather the very inspirational letter that Joe Biden wrote to Eric Lander, who is the kind of Patrick Vallance of the US. 73 00:08:08,770 --> 00:08:17,680 It's setting out the priorities that he has, the use of science and technology for major challenges. 74 00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:22,090 Public health obviously very much a focus in the context of the pandemic, 75 00:08:22,090 --> 00:08:36,850 with actually clearly much more broadly than that and a kind of slower burn emergency which nonetheless needs equally urgent action of climate change. 76 00:08:36,850 --> 00:08:41,950 And this the focus around this, I think, is very interesting, 77 00:08:41,950 --> 00:08:48,700 it's not just about delivering these key policy objectives in the context of public health and climate change, 78 00:08:48,700 --> 00:08:54,670 but doing it in a way that also contributes to economic prosperity. 79 00:08:54,670 --> 00:09:01,960 So secure economic prosperity with national security just be mentioned and in a way that shares 80 00:09:01,960 --> 00:09:11,200 the benefits of science and technology equitably around the nation and around the population. 81 00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:21,760 And I think beyond that, one of the many things that has come out of the pandemic is a recognised recognition that the long term health of 82 00:09:21,760 --> 00:09:31,120 the research system is crucial in allowing countries to adapt rapidly to whatever the world might throw at them. 83 00:09:31,120 --> 00:09:40,120 So these key points in the letter, unsurprisingly, may be mirror very closely. 84 00:09:40,120 --> 00:09:47,200 The U.K. response to building back say the plan for growth, for example, 85 00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:58,000 that came out of the U.K. government at the time of the budget earlier this year very closely aligns with this set of priorities. 86 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:04,210 And so I think we're in a very interesting position from the point of view of economies, 87 00:10:04,210 --> 00:10:10,210 countries around the world seeking to exploit what we've learnt from the pandemic, 88 00:10:10,210 --> 00:10:16,810 as this conference discussed in the previous session, as we build back better. 89 00:10:16,810 --> 00:10:28,870 And in that context of everybody around the world aiming in a similar direction and in the context of really global challenges, 90 00:10:28,870 --> 00:10:31,550 we know that both public health and climate change, for example, 91 00:10:31,550 --> 00:10:44,470 are clearly global challenges and issues around security and the and equality and inequalities around the world are also really global challenges. 92 00:10:44,470 --> 00:10:50,650 It makes a huge amount of sense to think about all of these questions in the context of multilateralism, 93 00:10:50,650 --> 00:10:59,620 and the G7 summit recently very much highlighted that to the next slide. 94 00:10:59,620 --> 00:11:07,750 Includes just a summary of the commitments that came out of that to look for specific opportunities to collaborate, 95 00:11:07,750 --> 00:11:21,190 but also to to work globally to build that long term health of the research and innovation system with ensuring researcher independence, openness, 96 00:11:21,190 --> 00:11:23,260 data sharing and transparency, 97 00:11:23,260 --> 00:11:37,090 which also are important in the context of prosperity and security and initiatives for working in a properly interdisciplinary 98 00:11:37,090 --> 00:11:45,730 way and across the the the key stakeholders that contribute to a really healthy research innovation system. 99 00:11:45,730 --> 00:11:47,410 So as we've talked about before, 100 00:11:47,410 --> 00:11:57,190 that needs to bring together universities and the the fundamental research base with businesses and the private sector research base, which of course, 101 00:11:57,190 --> 00:12:02,890 is always the the bigger share of that system with government to ensure that all of those 102 00:12:02,890 --> 00:12:08,200 things align to allow the delivery of these very ambitious goals for building back better. 103 00:12:08,200 --> 00:12:15,970 So UK research and innovation on the next slide is a really important point in that system. 104 00:12:15,970 --> 00:12:24,400 I think we sit absolutely at the junction of government business and the fundamental research base we 105 00:12:24,400 --> 00:12:30,550 reach right across those sectors in what we do and how we fund and in the communities with whom we work. 106 00:12:30,550 --> 00:12:36,890 So we are the largest public sector funder of research innovation in the U.K. We have a at an eight billion pounds annual budget. 107 00:12:36,890 --> 00:12:40,120 We're relatively young organisation, a bit more than three years old, 108 00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:48,100 now made up of bringing together seven disciplinary research councils so focussed on the physical sciences, 109 00:12:48,100 --> 00:12:52,980 the biological sciences, medical sciences and so on. And. 110 00:12:52,980 --> 00:12:59,580 Including the arts and humanities and the economic and social sciences, so we go right across all of the disciplines. 111 00:12:59,580 --> 00:13:10,380 And we also include Innovate UK, which is the UK's innovation agency that funds a lot of R&D activity in small and innovative companies. 112 00:13:10,380 --> 00:13:22,590 And also key connecting organisations in the UK, the catapult centres that bring together industry and academic actors, and also research England, 113 00:13:22,590 --> 00:13:30,210 which funds block grants into English universities and works very closely with the equivalent organisations in the devolved nations. 114 00:13:30,210 --> 00:13:36,450 And they have a really key role in supporting universities to build their research and innovation policies and also their knowledge, 115 00:13:36,450 --> 00:13:44,730 exchange and policies and activities. So right across the sectors, right across the disciplines and able then to to act as is key join up point, 116 00:13:44,730 --> 00:13:51,510 which is going to be so important in delivering those key outcomes that we all want to see. 117 00:13:51,510 --> 00:13:57,780 And that means that we need to work very closely with all of these sectors with academia, 118 00:13:57,780 --> 00:14:02,400 business, public sector, third, sexual and crucially, international partners. 119 00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:10,080 And we we're very active in trying to build as strongly as possible those networks. 120 00:14:10,080 --> 00:14:15,880 So the next slide? Just outlines our vision and our mission. 121 00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:26,560 So if you go with the first animation of Vision, then is for an outstanding research and innovation system for the UK, but crucially, 122 00:14:26,560 --> 00:14:31,360 that system has got to give everyone the opportunity to contribute and to benefit, 123 00:14:31,360 --> 00:14:40,270 and only through that inclusive approach where we be able to enrich lives locally, nationally, but also internationally. 124 00:14:40,270 --> 00:14:46,090 And we have a whole range of levers that will allow us to help to do this. 125 00:14:46,090 --> 00:14:52,840 So the next build this phase, we can convene and catalyse and of course, we can invest. 126 00:14:52,840 --> 00:14:58,060 But crucially, in close collaboration with others to build a thriving and inclusive research 127 00:14:58,060 --> 00:15:03,670 and innovation system that connects discovery to prosperity and public good. 128 00:15:03,670 --> 00:15:08,480 And I just want to dig into that last point a little bit because I think, well, 129 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:15,000 we always talk about it in that way and we imagine it on the next slide. 130 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:21,720 Please, as this kind of linear process where you start with discovery and something rather happens when you wind up with a product or a public 131 00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:30,900 service and the and that that linear thinking really shapes the way we think about how we invest and how we measure what we're doing. 132 00:15:30,900 --> 00:15:37,320 Everybody also in their heart knows that this is not this linear relationship is definitely not what happens. 133 00:15:37,320 --> 00:15:50,820 And I think one of the key things that we all need to do around the world to deliver on those key points from the Biden letter is to stop 134 00:15:50,820 --> 00:15:58,650 thinking about you to assist in your process and appreciate and fully take on board that it's a deeply connected and complex system. 135 00:15:58,650 --> 00:16:03,000 And until we think about it from that systemic point of view, 136 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:08,730 I don't think we will create the connectivity across the system that can deliver the outcomes that we all want to see. 137 00:16:08,730 --> 00:16:14,180 So what it really looks like, I think, is much more illustrated on the next slide. 138 00:16:14,180 --> 00:16:20,660 And we need to zoom out and think about all of that around what we now consider to be the core 139 00:16:20,660 --> 00:16:25,760 research and innovation system involving clever researchers and innovators beavering away in labs and 140 00:16:25,760 --> 00:16:32,390 libraries and in companies making products and think about all the other skills and all the other 141 00:16:32,390 --> 00:16:38,990 people and all the other infrastructures and that go around them without whom none of that will work. 142 00:16:38,990 --> 00:16:49,460 So go to the next slide, please. I think we need to think very hard then about the people whom we need in the system, 143 00:16:49,460 --> 00:16:59,630 how to support the ideas that there are that arise from these people and the infrastructures that they need to make those ideas a reality. 144 00:16:59,630 --> 00:17:04,760 And crucially, how all of those things join up. So the connectivity between them. 145 00:17:04,760 --> 00:17:08,960 And then we need to have really good ways of targeting all of that extraordinary 146 00:17:08,960 --> 00:17:15,590 creativity and opportunity on the priorities that really matter to us here and now, 147 00:17:15,590 --> 00:17:24,770 like net zero. And so these are the things that we focus on, on on funding or incentivising and so on. 148 00:17:24,770 --> 00:17:28,730 And in order to do that well, to build that properly connected system, 149 00:17:28,730 --> 00:17:37,400 then I think we have to think about all of those things from the lens of, I to say, four fundamental principles which are on the next slide. 150 00:17:37,400 --> 00:17:43,460 So we have to think about diversity. We cannot think, you know, 151 00:17:43,460 --> 00:17:47,720 we have a tendency in research innovation to define excellence in a very narrow 152 00:17:47,720 --> 00:17:57,500 way and to argue that active competition is what you need to to drive up. 153 00:17:57,500 --> 00:18:01,850 The excellence and competition is a really important part of our system. 154 00:18:01,850 --> 00:18:10,700 And there will always be competition because because there will never be enough money to fund everything that people want to do. 155 00:18:10,700 --> 00:18:16,430 But if you have competition with narrow success criteria, you will crush diversity. 156 00:18:16,430 --> 00:18:20,750 You will inherently wind up with a relatively small range of things being funded. 157 00:18:20,750 --> 00:18:23,540 And I don't think that's a successful strategy. 158 00:18:23,540 --> 00:18:29,640 I think we need to think very carefully about the portfolio of the kinds of things that need to to happen. 159 00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:38,330 We need diversity in the type of ideas we fund, diversity in the type of organisations that we fund, diversity in the type of people that we fund. 160 00:18:38,330 --> 00:18:41,750 And without thinking really hard about that, we will not create that. 161 00:18:41,750 --> 00:18:48,500 The creative, vibrant system that we need that diversity will be no good unless we also have very 162 00:18:48,500 --> 00:18:53,360 high quality connectivity and collaboration between the different parts of the system. 163 00:18:53,360 --> 00:19:03,650 So we need to put in place incentives and mechanisms that drive diversification with connectivity and collaboration. 164 00:19:03,650 --> 00:19:09,170 I think we tend to want to focus too much at the moment on one kind of sharp 165 00:19:09,170 --> 00:19:14,000 elbowed competition which tends to drive Balkanisation and also homogenisation. 166 00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:21,440 So a shift away from that to a more diverse, more connected system, and only through that will we achieve resilience. 167 00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:24,950 I think the pandemic has shown us where we have weaknesses in our system. 168 00:19:24,950 --> 00:19:31,610 I'm thinking very hard about building a much more resilient system, which connected diversity can do. 169 00:19:31,610 --> 00:19:36,320 None of that's possible without deeply engaging with all the relevant stakeholders, 170 00:19:36,320 --> 00:19:44,360 including the wider publics, so that it is really clear that everybody is involved. 171 00:19:44,360 --> 00:19:56,490 So you go to the next slide, please. If we think about this in the context of these five Biden points, I would argue that, you know, 172 00:19:56,490 --> 00:20:02,670 maybe it's relatively straightforward to think about the key, the research and innovation challenges we face. 173 00:20:02,670 --> 00:20:06,900 So on the next slide in the context of public health. 174 00:20:06,900 --> 00:20:14,130 We have already a lot of exciting multilateral collaborations around the world supporting global health challenges. 175 00:20:14,130 --> 00:20:24,030 We work with the NIH, for example, and global research collaboration for infectious disease preparedness has emerged very rapidly. 176 00:20:24,030 --> 00:20:27,330 I'm thinking about the pandemic and how we would prepare for future ones. 177 00:20:27,330 --> 00:20:31,590 And then, of course, as key international programmes like the Human Frontiers Science Programme, 178 00:20:31,590 --> 00:20:38,970 which funds a lot of collaborative research in the space. So a lot of these types of challenges where the research community, 179 00:20:38,970 --> 00:20:46,140 which is already hugely international and collaborative, can join up and bring forward it. 180 00:20:46,140 --> 00:20:51,090 That it's exciting that there is this greater focus now on international collaboration. 181 00:20:51,090 --> 00:20:57,810 And it's important to keep the momentum going. But it's it's not something that I think needs a radical rethink. 182 00:20:57,810 --> 00:21:00,780 The same in many ways for climate change. 183 00:21:00,780 --> 00:21:11,670 Although climate, the climate change imperative, which is on the next slide, clearly needs a major focus because it's such a priority. 184 00:21:11,670 --> 00:21:18,960 So we're seeing increasingly the impacts of global warming right across the world. 185 00:21:18,960 --> 00:21:24,660 But nonetheless, the research community and innovation community already very clearly aligned behind that. 186 00:21:24,660 --> 00:21:31,080 We have quite a lot of ongoing collaborations again with with the US in this area, 187 00:21:31,080 --> 00:21:40,620 like the Thwaites Glacier collaboration and all kinds of work on oceanography. 188 00:21:40,620 --> 00:21:53,110 A whole variety of examples. So I think those top two areas, it's about keeping the momentum going and ensuring our focus is is right, 189 00:21:53,110 --> 00:22:03,340 that it's that the other Biden imperatives that I think are perhaps areas where there's been less focus until recently in the international community, 190 00:22:03,340 --> 00:22:07,480 and I'm really interested in how we build those as we move forward. 191 00:22:07,480 --> 00:22:13,660 So in the context of security, as was highlighted, and it's on the next slide. 192 00:22:13,660 --> 00:22:17,590 Oh, I missed out prosperity. How could I? OK, 193 00:22:17,590 --> 00:22:32,020 so there's prosperity and security that the approach of that next bullet so and everywhere around the world is is really focussing on how 194 00:22:32,020 --> 00:22:39,670 they connect up their research innovation systems to better to get from the two to join up the discovery research base with innovation, 195 00:22:39,670 --> 00:22:49,330 commercialisation and translation. And I'm very much enjoying our membership, for example, of the this that of 10 years, 196 00:22:49,330 --> 00:23:02,180 which is a collaboration of innovative clusters in the UK and the US for sharing best practise on how to to get that join up really humming. 197 00:23:02,180 --> 00:23:07,270 Now our collaboration with Nest is very exciting, particularly in the area of advanced manufacturing. 198 00:23:07,270 --> 00:23:10,720 So lots of international collaboration on how to do that well. 199 00:23:10,720 --> 00:23:19,350 And then the next slide is about security, where there is a renewed focus and interest and research. 200 00:23:19,350 --> 00:23:23,920 Innovation has has moved into a more central position in that context, 201 00:23:23,920 --> 00:23:42,970 partly because there's a lot of perception that not only are technologies a new way for hostile actors to compromise the other states, 202 00:23:42,970 --> 00:23:57,900 but also because. The global competition in research and innovation in technology capture becomes almost an issue of sovereignty, 203 00:23:57,900 --> 00:24:03,570 so national and international capabilities, I think, become really important. 204 00:24:03,570 --> 00:24:10,920 And one of the reasons why there is this ramped up interest in research and innovation from a government investment point of view is in allowing 205 00:24:10,920 --> 00:24:27,030 nations to maintain their their prosperity rather than be dependent on other nations with whom their values may not align for technological expertise. 206 00:24:27,030 --> 00:24:36,750 So I think this area has become really an interesting one, and it's it's it's complicated and difficult to navigate. 207 00:24:36,750 --> 00:24:39,600 And that's another really interesting topic of conversation. 208 00:24:39,600 --> 00:24:46,470 I think for this forum would be how we do that well, how we maintain the shared commitment to keeping collaboration open, 209 00:24:46,470 --> 00:24:56,850 whilst at the same time recognising the security issues we have a representative in in the Five Eyes collaboration, 210 00:24:56,850 --> 00:25:03,330 which is very focussed on this activity. And as was mentioned at the beginning, the UK government's integrated review, 211 00:25:03,330 --> 00:25:11,330 I think provides a really valuable lens through which we can look at these a lot, 212 00:25:11,330 --> 00:25:20,370 quite complex issues that we need to consider simultaneously in promoting global collaboration in the use of 213 00:25:20,370 --> 00:25:29,550 research and innovation as a bridge for building some international strengths and alliances and collaboration, 214 00:25:29,550 --> 00:25:37,560 whilst at the same time acknowledging that there are security risks that we need to to navigate. 215 00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:44,400 So prosperity and security are important and really interesting areas where we can discuss these, 216 00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:49,200 the opportunities for multilateralism in thinking about those things. 217 00:25:49,200 --> 00:26:00,690 To my mind, a really major emergent feature that was very strong before the pandemic and is even stronger now is how we do all of this. 218 00:26:00,690 --> 00:26:08,020 How do we do all of this in a way that is inclusive in a way that reduces inequalities in the UK? 219 00:26:08,020 --> 00:26:17,880 The political languishes level up. It's not about taking anything away from the really successful parts of our economy or our countries. 220 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:28,830 It's about levelling up. It's about distributing the benefits of all of this innovation much more equitably than has been the case. 221 00:26:28,830 --> 00:26:35,640 And I think, as I say, the pandemic has amplified trends that we've seen in our societies for quite a long time. 222 00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:40,560 Certainly in the UK and in the developed world. 223 00:26:40,560 --> 00:26:48,030 So the next slide illustrates in the UK that wage inequality has been increasing 224 00:26:48,030 --> 00:26:54,090 over the years and this is associated with productivity inequality between firms. 225 00:26:54,090 --> 00:27:05,010 So we have very productive, highly R&D intensive firms that are providing high quality jobs with high wages. 226 00:27:05,010 --> 00:27:15,600 And we also have a huge number, an increasing number of people in in firms that are less productive, 227 00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:22,650 less invested in R&D and then having a lower wage situation. 228 00:27:22,650 --> 00:27:30,960 And so we're increasing the divide between the haves and have nots, and this is true within places, but also between places. 229 00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:41,250 So in the UK, if you come the next slide that there's huge variation in productivity across the country that maps onto those points that I just made. 230 00:27:41,250 --> 00:27:55,040 And on the next slide. The gap is emerging this economic gap at a time of very rapid social and technological change. 231 00:27:55,040 --> 00:28:03,200 And this is driving a situation where many people feel left behind and that for the first time, 232 00:28:03,200 --> 00:28:12,870 for many generations, their children will be worse off than they are. And it is in this context that I think the next slide. 233 00:28:12,870 --> 00:28:18,720 We really need to to to think about how we develop the research and innovation system. 234 00:28:18,720 --> 00:28:21,100 We need to. 235 00:28:21,100 --> 00:28:32,920 Shift the societal position of research and innovation system away from it being the kind of province of this highly elite group of people towards 236 00:28:32,920 --> 00:28:42,010 a much more inclusive concept that the range of skills and the range of jobs that will be created in an innovative economy is very broad. 237 00:28:42,010 --> 00:28:51,100 And it's not just the boffin types. It really is for everyone, but for as long as it's perceived as being it's elitist activity, 238 00:28:51,100 --> 00:28:59,140 then the the next generation will not be excited and supported about coming into research and innovation. 239 00:28:59,140 --> 00:29:04,480 And rather, we will maintain this division. 240 00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:10,990 And I think it's very interesting that whilst the national survey of people in the UK, 241 00:29:10,990 --> 00:29:16,450 everybody acknowledges that science and technology are crucial for remaining competitive. 242 00:29:16,450 --> 00:29:24,520 When you ask people what they think that will mean for jobs, people mean there will be fewer jobs for them rather than more jobs for them, 243 00:29:24,520 --> 00:29:35,980 and that that perception gap is a real problem because it widens this kind of disenfranchised feeling for a large proportion of the population. 244 00:29:35,980 --> 00:29:45,700 Even when the economy really is going to create this extraordinary range of jobs, so back to the iceberg picture on the next slide. 245 00:29:45,700 --> 00:29:51,670 There are many, many roles of a whole variety of sorts in this iceberg, 246 00:29:51,670 --> 00:29:56,650 and we if we reconceptualize the research and innovation systems, including all of these people, 247 00:29:56,650 --> 00:29:59,410 which we should because it cannot happen without them, 248 00:29:59,410 --> 00:30:07,650 we can build that much more inclusive vision of the system and think much harder on the next slide. 249 00:30:07,650 --> 00:30:16,230 About the diversity and the connectivity and the resilience and the engagement that we need to build that much more connected system. 250 00:30:16,230 --> 00:30:24,420 And I think that the health of the research system that was the last point in the Biden letter that is so important 251 00:30:24,420 --> 00:30:31,440 is entirely dependent on that reconceptualize sexualization of the system so that it really includes everybody. 252 00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:41,820 Driving up diversity in a way that's connected. And I that for me is a really cool goal for the international research and innovation community, 253 00:30:41,820 --> 00:30:46,110 and I'm really interested in other people's views on how we can do that. 254 00:30:46,110 --> 00:30:53,200 And I'll stop there. Thank you. Thank you. 255 00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:58,630 What a fantastic tour de force of various different elements, I am sure. 256 00:30:58,630 --> 00:31:01,090 In a few minutes, once we have made the keynote, 257 00:31:01,090 --> 00:31:06,460 there will be lots of questions and certainly you have a number for me, certainly around those principles. 258 00:31:06,460 --> 00:31:13,270 I think those principles of diversity, connectivity, resilience and engagement, I think, are really important for us both in the UK. 259 00:31:13,270 --> 00:31:16,570 But I think more widely and I think in the context of the left behind, 260 00:31:16,570 --> 00:31:21,070 I know the prime minister was giving a speech in the UK today about levelling up, 261 00:31:21,070 --> 00:31:27,010 but it is clear that there are a number of left behind groups and in all sorts 262 00:31:27,010 --> 00:31:31,180 of that actually in the southeast as much as there is in other parts of the UK. 263 00:31:31,180 --> 00:31:37,180 But I but I also think your point is really validates if we are going to move to a knowledge economy, 264 00:31:37,180 --> 00:31:46,645 this should be a knowledge economy for everyone, not just for the few. So thank you for that.