My name is Grace Khuri.
I'm a fourth year DPhil student here at Oxford, writing my DPhil thesis on J.R.R. Tolkien's the Silmarillion and also the Book of Lost Tales.
And looking at the principal Norse mythology and the First World War and how those two very different influences visually interact with each other,
both in his early mythology and his later mythology.
Today I'm going to be talking about the Elf names in the old English poetry and the historical texts that Tolkien was reading as an undergraduate.
And how this may have been a very key inspiration in his early mythology, and relevant in the 1910's.
In the centre of this 1913 portrait stands the slight, surprisingly Elven figure
Of then 21 year old John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. Just a few years later
He was to write the following, possibly slightly autobiographical description a heroic but doomed novel or an older analysis of the doomed city.
The fathers of the fathers of men with less stature than that now and the children of Elfinesse a greater growth.
Small remaining and slender and very lithe. They were swift of foot and surpassing fair.
Around the time of this photograph,
Tolkien switched from the Classics school to the English school at Oxford to pursue his interest in Germanic philology and of course its name.
And that was until he was at this time, a year away for embarking on this journey of creation.
The development of the collection of recycled material that he later said and wish
to dedicate to England a desire for specifically English as opposed to a British,
much less German or Teutonic mythology was not neat to him.
The same. Similar sentiments have been expressed in E.M. Forster, his 1910 novel, Howards End,
which asks the question, Why hasn't England in biology, Tolkien or Andrews?
Question In 1930 British Academy Lecture.
They were monsters and critics explaining that of English pre-Christian mythology practically nothing.
Sadly, these own sentiments as those of a wider left in the statement.
We may regret that it was not a war about pre-Christian English frivolity.
Some two decades earlier, Tolkien had set out to attempt to build or find this lost biology of England,
exploring what might have been slowly, sparsely recorded,
and in doing so,
trying to geographically localise some cities that matches are subsequently bad places and create problems on his now but still classic works.
The Hobbit, 1937 and Lord of the Rings, his opus, and the one to which he dedicated nearly six years of his life.
What is an intimacy? Most mythology eventually ended and published by the third son and literary executor, Christopher in 1977.
From later drafts from the 1950s, The Sun welcomes this man.
Last year,
history was the best of the work arranged by thousands of years was first conceived during the unlikeliest of times during the late 19 tens.
In the fractious and uncertain atmosphere of the First World War.
It's never completed, but often rewritten and in pre-history.
In its earliest incarnation, it was known as the Book of Lost Skills, written between 1917 and 1990,
a collaboration of sorts of numerous depths to both medieval and people works.
This version sets a framed narrative which came in two basic variants full reversion in use between 1917 and 1919,
the migration era German wanderer on the continents.
Nature. You see, I was in love. The outside world and fragmentary versions are about 1920,
which changes the heritage and time periods and traveller to that of an Anglo-Saxon laid out witness or help French iniquitous name,
as we shall see from 10th century England in the segment fragmentary trade, narrative number and sales of wide oceans out in England,
which alone happens when Smith moved to Northern Ireland in the Western Ocean.
Although his later friend narrative generally survives in a series of longer and shorter passages and short outlines,
some intriguing examples of the young Tolkien's medievalism are on display in one passage out
of England that was driven from Luthien Tolkien's alternate make England by the Normans.
After arriving in England and all the rest, he is surprised to hear them.
The owls seek the stage of Alfred of Wessex.
Our winner is from 11 Century Masters,
and given he was driven out an Normans would have been any contemporary of Harold Godwinson, implying that you say around 1066.
This last reference is interesting for several reasons. One is that ID specifically speak of the West sex and dialect of old English.
Second, the association with a historical king of Anglo-Saxon England, whose name means happens to me in both counsels,
raises the possibility of contact between this historical personage and the Alps, included in Tolkien's re-imagining of England.
This last is confirmed in another outline,
which suggests that the Alps did in fact process with English for a time, explaining why they speak English.
This also implicitly gives a possible historical explanation for the numerous personal meanings with the prefix of or else
in England in this scheme life and survivals almost symbiotic relationship between two races in early medieval times.
Intriguingly, even the earlier figure of Ariel was given important connections to Anglo-Saxon history won out by his father,
the legendary founder first hand,
and also made famous for its ecclesiastical history of the English people after the death of Ariel's first wife, Kwame.
He marries the woman. A blessed gift.
And has another son named Peter and happens to be the name of Cobar,
is planned today on the old English home date or for their upcoming 10th century excursion later this fall.
Considering the later authors, the so-called Golden Remnant, a collection of accounts of alleged history, and Christopher Tolkien,
so consolidating clarifying his father's numerous outlines, we began to see it ought to be an artfully revised early English landscape of history.
The sons of Ariel and his horse and rider conquer the islands and things.
They were not hostile to the others.
And from that the English are the true tradition of the fairies horses, the games to the tower for the author's name for Oxford,
suggesting that the future university town was once the habitation of the elves.
These stories, aerial and later played them here, range from cosmic comic net to promote legends of both mortals and immortals.
Man hours vulnerable. The fairies here calls the scandalous entangled in a wire strike with the fallen Bella Melbourne.
But remember this conflation of traits with Satan that also Loki from our psychology but elsewhere and have all been shown here and taken
it upon himself to report on the balance of the true mythology of the island that was later confused in Germanic and Celtic memory.
Instead, it's an editor of Tolkien summary of the statue sort of meeting the dramatic figure Ariel tells it.
Woven in are two of those accidental deaths here, all of whom the LSH fairies identified as three figures.
Among them are being something from the gods himself as a generic man, but later naming two cats and four.
Policy makes clear how this transmission about which to see handles,
if they know not and have no means of learning and speeches must converse and each tongue of English,
however, elsewhere, does learn in record the Elvish languages.
Medieval scholar of these poor sat to accept the serious portrait of an alphabet I've seen here and the genius love manuscript.
You and Crosby Library, who's a Japanese speaker, thought I would transcribe himself,
could have been an inspiration for Tolkien's own travellers scribe of the same.
It's inspired a range of beings to deliver Latinos.
The heart of this mythology, our heroes in Latin was written decades later.
Tolkien characterised The Silmarillion, the later version of book stores Tales as an Elf centric anthology and as a history of the arts.
And it's also the 1931 by ourselves. And Walton.
Tolkien expresses self-deprecating nostalgia over his former wish that an apology to England.
Talking solar, how the drought was observed. The Tompkins movement is actually better characterised as at least for the early
stage and mythology for Anglo-Saxon functioning as a prehistory of the Anglo-Saxons.
One that describes otherwise recorded archaeological reconstructions before the events of the migration of the animals.
Saxons and Jews from the continent of England.
Domain name and size of Englishness. Harry's is an important part of Tolkien's early project in my statement.
It is unsurprising that a young talking to the surviving person grows from the pre conquest period for suitable blueprints.
Such a project as the speaker will argue.
Something so far unrecognised growth and loss for Tolkien's mythology are to be found in ubiquitous interview tables and suggested that some
personal names with the tantalising prefix which went far beyond simply singling out when already discussed by numerous scholars such as Maria.
So what happens to your car?
Tell him it's up to you. Just the vision involves departing from demonised perspectives, abandoned old English sources of variables,
whether listed among the monsters to savants, king and more diminutive about how diversions propagated by the Victorians as much.
15 observes Tolkien was to reconstruct the genuine English channels of Anglo-Saxon
units and batches well results and into the corpus fairy poetry of the period,
including with this 1915 carbon feed.
Alternatively, titles in old English who map so use where you see early websites and form so selling be different sort being within development
in his imagination at that time own certainly with capable English literature with study as a monster undergraduate.
Although some little a truly mythological nature survived from the Anglo-Saxon period
personal names of time accidentally a a heroic history of such preternatural beings,
and where English taken very literally represent the lowest time influence for embodying philologist term storyteller.
The Anglo-Saxon word for out for his colleagues also had a few dialect variants seven which are
represented by his early Saxon scene and the alternative type who come from his late Saxon.
Mercifully so, because his former personal needs and the Lost Hills and Kaddish about surviving in modern English for total absence in numerous cases,
including Oliver Stone.
As we shall see, occasionally this variant appears in written wrappers like charts or even coins, sometimes dogmatic or compound personal names.
Some of this probably first element merged with tier of themes or certain elements
consisting of adjectives denoting noble or generally her heroic martial traits.
These sometimes took rustic or abbreviated forms in which multiple consonants, sometimes vowels were dropped.
For instance, things like our hair tie could appears out there inside the first page.
Other strange attractions were possible as well.
Before examining talking strokes, it's worth noting that Oxford itself had legends featuring persons of mythological personal names.
The supposed founder of University College was none other than Alfred the Great.
The websites indicate he was famous for its feats of pushing back the incursions,
the first celebrated program of learning and translations associated with his or her Falstaff Anglo-Saxon dictionary
breaks down names to balance out as a rock council politician in Jim Faulkner's A History of Oxford Charter from 1906.
Consider what he could have come across at the time.
The author praises and buffs of that Alfred, founder of the University of Oxford, noting, among other things, he never imagined since clever,
propulsive scholarship does not discount its role as a possible inspiration for all means urging the following.
Several Freudian texts were wired for reading,
and there are combined additions and substantial nature seeming confirmation of the other worldly tutelage suggested by his name.
But that unsullied and personally translated may not be attributed to scholars.
Streisand scored a symbolic to Palfrey, taking Oxford standard length city quayside neglected to mention in his associations with the rulers.
His name suggests the existence of our roads and houses.
I think he Tolkien's writings, especially the rains, have been gradually renowned for their wisdom and advice.
In his study of Anglo-Saxon personal names, Peter Jensen observes,
A robust use in the late 19th century shows how their name in the end use to match in person makes a comment especially
salient for politics by pushing for the proclivity for finding stories and lost histories in words and personal names.
As mentioned earlier, he has a stronger operator here.
I'll speak to Sea Shepherd Wessex, which is strong evidence for a connection.
If you talk to the stories and the West Saxon and the fact that at one time two streets in Oxford,
one of which was changed a busy street in 1924 named after Alfred.
It's a testimony to the endurance of the city, the surviving Alfred Street, just all kinds street.
But the sound for a while, that's all. He likely walked on, at least occasionally while student and as he walked on the council street.
Robin there was also the fabulous Alfred.
She held up the nearby museum which bears the assertion.
Alfred checked your work in alphabetical order.
He's to be made. In another little legend set in the 17th century and only reported in several 12th century sources.
That of Stephen Fry described the so-called life be one of two Locke text extended on William Atholl stories.
The British Academy has just confirmed that on 2507, daughter Kate offered The Princess Diaries.
These are seen from the relentless King Algar of Leicester,
whose name a condensed version of our GA spear paired with his round behaviour as he wouldn't be a doctor,
symbolically combines Ecuador various associations with powers propagated by most like Bay Wall and several English charms which
feature rabbits and rabbits youthfully shot from arrows mouths focal to lie tablets not to know a small history of Oxfordshire.
The eighth century Princess Oxford better characterised as one.
Beauty and charm captivated the hearts of many young men, among which was inscribed Prince.
Our lockdown acid comments on writing letters of warning, whose names and ambassadors were sent not only to urge assumed,
but also secret instructions to carry her off unfortunate necessary English.
This is why we can no longer pursue.
Incidentally, pricewise, Matron raises the princess, scolds our student.
We're asked and teaches her to learn four letters, a name and contacts which like outfits.
Once again place spells and learn. In what recycled possible Mythologise Reimagine Story The Summer Olympics two health crises.
Kavanaugh and surgeons attempting to lift up the 79 cruises losing with themselves.
Oh my are the latter squeezed out of each other and thought blind reason being seen
or else in this episode when I love her bearing to rescue her and attack students,
her brother and suitor have a right to their under the spear in a liberalisation
opening hour from France and also buried with asymmetric princes eventual ashamed.
Here are some arrows at losing bearing sex.
Perhaps the realisation that didn't come as either.
The shock shocks of the shock games broadcast and the medical tests we see, which translates against sudden stabbing pain and incidents Anglo-Saxon.
We are in 1908, preserved rampages against various hospital supernatural beings which include the ISA,
the old English copy of which I got some sense of this.
The people are more than mere accidental correspondence.
The intricate nature of his knowledge imagination have set many narratives, themes, motifs,
well concealed manifestations inspired and legendary along for many cases, and which were unnoticed instances of snobbish materialism.
In his 1939 lecture on fairy stories, Tolkien looks back on its own creativity during the 19 tens.
Recalling that it takes for fairy stories, was wakened by philology on the threshold of manhood and prepared by war.
There are hours at that time regarded as synonymous.
See, make sure your choices are unprecedentedly virulent and industrialised World War II.
Yet surprisingly, talking isn't the only what turns to this and other such fanciful topics during that period.
So why our culture vigorously and often religion use myth and muscle as tools for propaganda publishing condemnation,
constellation bar of US civilians that soldiers play for such purposes.
At the same time, he was trying to balance the study of history,
development of relationships with languages and some words and not least names that got a special quality.
Later in life, Tolkien wrote the 1935 letter on the origins of The Hobbit that to me, a name comes first and the story follows.
He reiterated this point in a 1964 interview with Dennis Drew.
I was in writing, Always start finding.
Give me a name and produce source. Sorry, I have to write.
I know you've got a quality, but the old English I don't know which became the subject of the post in September 1914.
You know, observing the expiration of the lives we all think is part of the answer.
But they are not. And the anger of your past over it in the moment,
send the out of the practice of angels over me to represent armed men which she
characterised as rapturous words from which ultimately sprang a whole of my mythology.
However, in order to build up a new team, he has called Falintil his only anthology of the Hours.
There had to be something more an answer to it.
A stalwart friend. Geoffrey Query over Weapons 1914.
Cold on air now was really about Tony, he replied.
I don't know. I'll find out.
The strange answer is one of see crackers rather back later invented this surprising expression of the need for discovery as opposed to expansion.
There are hopeful young establishments that are saying to stressing that Tolkien sort of work comes in literary creation later in life.
Except for part of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien expressed appreciation for history, true or feigned in a letter.
Tolkien expressed concern is mythology always in the sense of knew what was already there somewhere.
Not invent this process of reporting that the search for clues and cultural and other survivals which Tolkien
found in the text he was studying and switching from the Classics school to the English school in 1913.
It also began informally studying Anglo-Saxon.
It was still a Catholic school in Birmingham. Its access to relevant tax increase after arriving in Oxford in autumn 1911.
In 1913 till June 515, with all the library leaders card not something that was automatic enough as it is now,
which further expanded its research possibilities,
given its course changed in order to prepare for examinations in the relevant subjects and will closely study the set text as identified
in masters regulations for some students in preparation for term papers to be taken in its final assessments in Trinity from 1913.
These include a lengthy list of old projects,
including countless medieval literature for old English or Anglo-Saxon, which there was one of them a dialect,
a keep textbook condition,
or have received Anglo-Saxon copy copy in the body incorrectly described to date mcclements on other evidence as a starting degree.
While research into the English school sweet reader was in process tracks and covered the more standard bus stops and dialects,
while the Mercian and Northumbrian references also represent that he talks in
particular stand out for the purposes of tracking down some likely inspirations.
One is a channel documentary abstracted from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle The Martyrdom Affair.
One of the texts mentioned in the observer regulations, the name is eponymous protagonist,
endowed with a name that means time or time out in Tolkien's fragmentary narrative.
Alfred of England from 1920. Seemingly the last of the lost tales and the chronology of composition,
the Anglo-Saxon narrative is drawn by only a few companions, enterprising enough to brave the uncertain magical seas.
One of these is a pair of the fatherless with him in all ventures until last fall, which.
These other places, these other voyagers, come to try to attain a as sort of a sea after the workshop and to himself and even their names are lost.
Out have. Although alpaca and winner are mammals, they could act as evidence of the transfer of ideas from the tax code.
So he was reading University into his own developing mythology.
Talking on the findings and notes attest to the fact that how we read marked on the ball hair.
The account captured murder and Archbishop of his wrongdoings and category amnesty Council were interesting considering
the fact that there are a number of names present quite early in that text introduced to the treatment of it,
if not more in betrays his values and obstinate as he intends to never to contain scream a prayer of war of scar.
Perhaps in the sense that one guards against the ones able to wear an one against Charles Percy.
And that sense yet another alpha occurs.
All of health care reform must this in the name of one of the patients and help her out there.
This is one grief process for our personal lives, Peter, three of which have a heroic connotation in there due to a theme or element.
Elsewhere in this anthology so widely read. Now, one of the subtext for talking sports out of work that once was called along with Beowulf,
the old English Code, that most influence contains fiction.
There are two or more names would be allowed this time in an overtly role context.
But those bearing such names played important roles in the last stand of the doomed Anglo-Saxon army against the Danes.
There is of no difference. Create another house with a friend who is a features baron son of the tolerable make up in mind,
or who knows how to how the name of the war longer seeks out and learns from age of fairies.
Here we are trapped in our own past cocktails.
More famously, it is now his modern English form for his numerous appearances and for the phrase final evening out now,
which for me I felt boldness for courage, a striking Australian for students would, in the years after the first reading school,
run into poverty full of many bold spells from the first day more to the most noble corruption slave owner warriors expelled and more from them
all perished defending their city of Cumberland last from death while finding monsters in the first and most detailed version of the story,
which was written in 1917. The presence of Judith and Sweet's reader would have been Tolkien's first introduction to the inspiring term,
how she often reflected in his various versions of New York.
Later, within in his 1917 tale studio, the radiant daughter of King Chamberlain, who later became the single.
It also person was really she was Mormon, the mother of the mortal hero.
Sure. The nickname Alaska's.
She told him even the importance of underlining the shame portion and giving his own translation at the margin of I'll confess
that's talking on translations proves that the concept of trap and special interest shows surprisingly English grammar.
I'm told his reasons textbooks translated Sheena as putative philosopher,
so his own glossary with this translation as well as Oh, she already just dated a few names from this one book.
We see what could have been a road map for the world.
So each reader also contains some charters, although fewer than two textbooks from the previous century among his or some from the 10th century,
which again names the charter from nine or four.
Well, even says, I'm here, I'm here, I'll start Mr. Alfred, Minister of here.
I live on that and I'm going to have to keep Thurston on, I think out of gift.
I'll mention I'm out for a year or two assuming some internal elsewhere because one of our bishop went to check for Winchester.
So his oldest English text has a large corpus of charters with a wealth of the real names on the secretaries during the abstract society in 85,
this work is mentioned. The hope of getting those titles both in Exeter Library Useful Charter The Reading list dated October 1813,
making it the preferred undergraduate textbook.
This vote, which token seems to have been started during his term in his first public school books with various non-white Saxon dialects,
numerous Mercian and Northumbrian charters from the ninth, 10th and 11th centuries are many witnesses of prefix names.
So the Assignment Anglo-Saxon School, originally published in 1887,
is a somewhat condensed version of the old English texts, although inscribed in 1919.
But this was likely access much earlier, so he could have read it in or borrowed it from libraries and observe during his undergraduate years.
Both of these textbooks by Henry Sweet have many of the same charters.
The earliest examples, which are from the eighth century to Mercia,
a special Baker region and dialect intelligence due to his maternal Smithers to send an amalgam kept to our chart
routine offer seven out of six times a signatory and to me while another of or by articles the eighth century,
the witness seemed always possibly an alternative spelling or athlete of battle for a ninth century example, this time serving under the great King.
Alfred uses very interestingly kind of spelling out each of these same centuries
and the Southern Mercian charter and the three six of the name of stone also.
And in the category of late Mercian charters from 10th century Oswald in 969,
as in addition to the two sons named Alfred outside of GA references and out
here is the total of eight mercian worthy as well as entry placings at sea.
Those two victories closure.
The same textbook also features such personal names in another work the Northumbrian dialect, the Dragon City, and is different.
What it is translates to litany. When that well well I'll see so you see altered spelling is also some relation.
It sends a grain of sand Out of sand in particular out of stones was to have
an enormous impact on Tokyo's legendary crater that even now where there are,
of course, faces literal stones, especially.
So girls need to be offset. They ignore the gems by scheming with of Janabi themed gemstones.
There is also very complex. It's also the stock from the Lord of the Rings format.
Third. In one version set out in one of the late drafts of the solar wind farm, the maker Fitzgerald calls the stone,
which he gives to his eldest son, Mike Ross, and several other versions of the origin story were finished.
It was published in 1980.
How the Children of God Written and therefore also one of the announcers, the inventor who gave the stoned princess girl later Mother.
These things have built up more and more.
In another area is Cameron, his son and grandson, the same crown jewel.
Whatever the story and the Psalms always end of stone in the most literal sense, because it's Anglo-Saxon, we are only served to Beowulf.
Tolkien borrow the line about the extensions and translations, which also has its share of references to owls,
most infamous in terms of funerals in the passage describing the monstrous settlements claim,
which the man either crept into this one much later and story hero Stephen King inspired as dragons.
He is assisted by Beyond Pain. Big Laugh is a chance at opening up his arms, as in the battle.
Now again, here is a hero's personal name inversion context place.
Since we last, at least symbolically. Else is the third allusion to elves.
He's more controversial in modern times. The one before any in the original manuscript is the compound of Warner literally translated the Palace,
an appellation one scholar has linked with, billed himself interpreting it as a possible signal of its power over other creatures.
Although a few scholars argued in favour of the manuscript, reading the true meaning of the phrase has been largely rejected since the 19th century,
with most editions replacing our Walder with our wilder ruler a reference from God.
However, a rare exception is at Thousands 1912 edition, which features our world in the main text writing, Tolkien uses long very happily.
From 1913 onwards, he's got his copies inscribed with the 1913 date, and it is heavily annotated and will certainly be bound.
In 1919 scenes, Tolkien used this vision and others only one can find his eight.
From the bottom of the page, each short handwritten reading list from 1913.
There is a note saying All these publications combined,
you could have read far more than the text listed in either its almost or the sort of commentary on record itself.
Julius Jesus. 1882. Transliteration.
Facing age, facsimile and secretly English Text aside, what are we allowed to see?
Well, it's hard to tell you this witness reinforcing how some seemingly heterodox editorial choice.
What is especially intriguing here is that while the epilepsy has thousands of feet, the description of its protagonist would say,
As we see our friends who are owls and I'm standing on one translation in Princeton was really,
as Ursula Dawkins pointed out, being one of several loanwords from English in the book,
which has been attributed in English prominence by a few scholars since the late 19th century.
As such, the work could very well sense be viewed as a possible piece of that lost mythology in England, as we shall see later.
Personally, our school has a similar sense of self.
The variable I will also name. Ford will be found in William G.
Searle, MasterCard and some 1897 zero, the pages of which are replete with such amount of names,
dates of occurrence to perfection and statements of the people around the Charles Tokens Library groups who owned a copy inscribed with the date 1921,
as well as other work containing many of the same rather than his ponderously titled Anglo-Saxon Bishops,
Kings and Nobles, the succession of Bishops and Pedigrees with the kings and nobles from 1899, also acquired in 1921.
However, he could easily have known and peruse over much earlier possibly a lot of people about the and reading rooms.
What is special about Cyril's work is that all of which are first half,
which feature only a few examples of the relevant and dogmatic personal names or longer ones like Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,
in which such names are stretched out.
The all too common Anglo-Saxon concentrates search material offering an easy or possibly very inspiring reference for.
I'm talking no doubt. Also helpful was the fact that these names for the making of the volume.
It reports among others. Many compound personally with a process frequently held by someone a large courier.
There are several outliers the late 10th century pudding kinsman Edgar Allan,
Senator King acquisition and others of aristocratic further followers or similar names.
One was the son of young French, another about how helpful.
It's such a fascinating, logical trajectory for the name of Tolkien's early self from the 1917 file Gardener's Excel lien but worthy of the city.
How did that originally translated? Gradually it's found found.
And that was a huge surge for a company of people the founded in golf.
However,
the animosity was revised in etymology as a 1930 text and all the dogs in the road where it is broken down into a spear and Stella point a spear,
making it clear that the bigger point in a possible homage to the English name Algar.
The embassy involving the tricycles known as cylinder later that year are called spear albums in and out.
Not only they were wise in the sense of algar, but also perhaps obliquely evoking the garden buildings from first line Beowulf.
In the mid 10th century, there was a week of town with regional ruler Burke Shire, incidentally, County way in Sydney,
named after a figure associated with elves and all sorts of aspects in the book Los Tales and its later iterations and various versions.
Obviously romance and challenges are central to the overarching narrative and are led by various members of the very large Royal House,
sort of an older exile from Ballater.
But somebody somewhere in Salt Lake was one. That was a story we know was very specific.
A commercial applications exclusive to England. A number of Old Norse trends.
Also images for your elves there is bringing out fir armour from the pony.
Ingersoll legendary the story of kings and folklore as where else the attack applies to the legendary Norman Hunter in the skull called reckless.
It's sort of work was still in Tolkien's mind in 1948 when composing the notion papers,
a legendary omnibus narrative set in modern times with various England's inspiring figures,
engaging in much like some literary genealogy and archives.
In that one can you recall I was rummaging in the on Mastodon and poring over the list of out winners.
And no doubt autobiographical. Tolkien reflected activity he first engaged in as an undergraduate.
As already suggested several such individuals shop in.
Some have more melodramatic histories like ours, which some of the Mercian aldermen out here without army was banished to 96.
So also recourse to royal and or Socratic fear is a weight of power is actually synonymous incentives with marriage
reform and being more the first talking about some early not essentially the variant spelling combining small,
cynical and never awful to the leap century friends song of Apple.
The asking was actually in power in East Anglia, whose father king it with peaceful in the momentous Europe 1066 another well sometime out of St nays.
What is the commander of the fleet of the doomed King, Harold Godwinson.
Consequently, so many instances of a name unique ruler held by Anglo-Saxon nobility and warriors
should have been subsequently been mentioned by Tolkien as literal allies,
many of whom were royals, warriors or both.
And most intriguing, considering the importance of such word Alsace in lost faith in the war.
Magdalen and Helen the first to be in crisis, an absence of name of seed of victory denied for nine.
A man who served as Goldsmith to King Jarrell was no doubt suggested Yellow
Smith Heaven is our time lead artisan from the similar intelligence of 1919.
The now brings a social connection and treachery regicide nation another Anglo-Saxon goldsmith where Guardian was also a landowner.
I use one of model Chris Smith, an actual of Ruler Fagin, or who first appeared in miniature narrative from 1915 Tolkien's final year undergraduate,
which he is directly acquainted by Tolkien Wayland investment of the Old Norse hero volunteers.
Even such instances could have provided seeds he saved with talking smack in the development in the late 19 tens and certainly later as well,
not considering embryonic person histories, which offered further support for Tolkien's early founding settlers.
Another source that could have important Tolkien, which for more richly contextualised things,
was the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, available in the then current edition,
edited by Christopher Walter, called two of the Saxon problems in Parallel,
published in the 1899 Aperture that Tolkien later owned the 1929 edition of the Sir.
It is striking how the murderer came out of Northumbria in 79,
after which I had only appeared on the spot where the leader himself ruler claims he later was considered a saint.
There are surprisingly similar how many tag element in the depictions of the portrayals of certain slain royal families and later Silmarillion,
especially those of several sultans. One of the engines and a half.
Rather they are. When therapy is responsible for saving their life or werewolves while still in Saddam's dungeon.
Spurring his final resting place has special powers.
They were found upon the hilltop of his own honour.
And it was clean and the green grave. Enron in Arkansas.
First of all, the principles remain viable until the they are changed and broken and founders destroying the seas between rock,
lobster, production, squalor beneath the trees and Alabama.
A similar reconstruction is given of King King office chairs who died in World War II combat with Morgoth himself.
No work ever after dare to pass over the mountain golden or which was nonexistent until the doom of was calm.
Aside from the great valour and self-sacrifice, particularly in aerospace,
these elves were regarded as having a measure of sanctity akin to that of saints.
In no small part because you said it was invalid,
or that the gods and his eyes which embodied the two magic trees with that because I told you, gave so many descriptions of their eyes.
We can. One of the earliest mythological poems appearing on modern trees from 1915,
Tolkien wrote the planes and harmonies of the Holy Fairies and Immortal House stolen from much later texts the 1937 and the
brilliant Holy Elves among several appellations for the linear behaviour of the tribes most loyal to do not know that description,
such as the aforementioned Shima shining.
It describes the whole thing with images of the apocalypse, Judith and the Book of Genesis.
They were seems to describe Sarah as well.
Seems like. How do you work without Bright Girls Unmasked played their part in such characterisations.
These conceptualisations of holy fairies and cool elves, which seem odd and even sacrilegious.
Coming from Catholic, we're perhaps helped along by the accounts,
the undergraduate Tolkien have read multiple histories and have geographies
sanctity change their names who were martyred or otherwise betrayed and killed,
all of which accounts about and written by Catholics.
It is an entry, in fact, that is bishops, archbishops and adults who appear to have the highest proportion of our names in the surviving reports.
It's trying to keep out all of Northumbria, that it's made it badly.
So another example of how some names or another case of certain proteins run through families who attempt to survive.
Our two sons now and both of them killed.
It's one this tragic royal family else.
So who are help and friends working to help solve inventing dynastic tragedies in which all these things occurred over time?
The crown prince of really came war and all but one of his sons perish.
Many, but not all. That's the goal. And that is something also not think.
This is not to mention the many friends or more in the service of these old
rulers like these who also perish with or for the survival of their legions.
The tragedy and tragedy surrounding the deaths of these sort of cool sons
represent only a glimpse of the tragic histories and sort of figures without me.
Something Adam Saxon from the second volume of numerous edition to Saxon Protocols published in 1899,
features an index of first leaflet which concentrated on the House, first on news and information.
Once again on this matter that there would these some variation around the competition.
Each individual love circles almost entirely looked at these folks to the 19 tens.
They would have been an invaluable resource for his burgeoning imagination.
Inclusion from Culper notes that are a lot of background are names in Anglo-Saxon England.
Name Continental Fundamental language. No, no language.
I told him naming names were fundamental, as we seen in burgeoning mythology in the 19 tens and later as well.
And the echoes, the influence of heroes and logical things continue to reverberate in the later versions of the 1930s and 1950s,
as well as in the text and the wider legendary, including The Lord of the Rings.
All this work is intended to demonstrate how Tolkien may have come to see a clear constellation of the intellectual summer
of names found in the poetic and historical texts of Anglo-Saxon England that he studied as an Oxford undergraduate,
while not, of course, exclusive influence. These things were very important to their meaning and contexts,
and it can be no coincidence that Tolkien's ancestral subject named words immediately preceded this development of the Wall states of the 19 tens,
which he began soon after returning from India.
The concept of hero accounts just a little odd. For decades after word in Tolkien's wider Silmarillion Corpus,
which is preserved in its three volumes and which remain a memorable and poignant part of his wider legendary.
Thank you very much for.