So I say this a lot these days when these intersections happen with technology for presentation start.
It usually means I haven't given thanks to you like who's the Urrutia who goes to Crossroads.
So usually after I give thanks, we like where things start to work.
So what would you like? Please open the way of obviously the four panellists.
We have a very broad time frame to talk about 1834 the 1960s.
And as you can see, these discussions over that.
So it's kind of interesting that I'm going to first because I think I'm at the back end of that period.
But I just think that speaks to the connexion of Bermuda's tradition of resistance.
It's really hard to talk about one period and not connect with others,
particularly in a colonial context where historians have been forced to talk about the whole piece of our narrative in terms of not just black people,
but Bermuda history in general, because Bermuda history indicts the colonial system on the island.
So even from the colonial, the colonised perspective. Historic sites, and that experience hasn't been to the benefit of that system.
Put another way. Yes, it is quite true that black people in a public school system socialised to understand our history.
But library readings also aren't taught the history for some of the reasons that we talk to on the other panel as well.
Yes. Are. This is. Thank you so much. All right.
So. I'm going to talk today about surprise, lack power and Bermuda.
You know, you can look my, you know, as far.
I mean, yes, she's using Black Power and Bermuda, as you know, my first book of Black one Bermuda.
Some of the content you will be familiar with, Mike, is that better?
Also, some of the material in this book is part of my forthcoming work on with LeBron.
I will become a cafe girl. And that should be out sometime next year.
Maybe they. So Black Power in Bermuda sought to dismantle British colonialism through political revolution.
For me, this is important because the Black Power movement. Was very much a global movement, Black Power was usually looked at from a U.S. context.
And so the Black Power was branches outside of the United States is often seen as a sabar of the movement in the United States.
But Bermuda is a clear example of if we don't study Black Power in a global context, we kind of lose what that movement means.
To me, that's doubly important because it also shows that Bermuda's history is not just important for Bermuda,
but for the African diaspora in of itself.
Most of the documents you'll see in this presentation from archives, I collected newspapers, magazines, this is from the BlackBerry Kadri's.
Phenomenal newsletter, the BlackBerry. This is important because in many ways, Black Column Bermuda was a reclaim.
Reclamation of African people's identity as much as it was a fight against.
The colonial system, some of you may recognise this photograph. Some of you may not.
It's from the governor's house grounds after the assassination of Sharpless and ADC.
That car would not fall from the sky in Bermuda. It was an extension of Bermuda black radical tradition, resistance against slavery.
Sally Bassett, the You and I A. The drone boycotts in the context of 1960s, the uprisings at 65.
But more specifically, the April 1968 uprisings after a group of black youth were not allowed to enter the April fair,
and I don't have the time to get into that, but in response to that uprising,
the British government sent troops to Bermuda to suppress the uprising that was just not about being allowed to enter a social event.
This is also a strike against police brutality, colonialism and racism.
All three ideas or. All the all of these are contemporary concerns in the aftermath.
Well, actually, in the moment of that uprising, Roosevelt Brown, who was a member of the Progressive Labour Party,
organises the party youth wing in an effort to try to politicise these youth from back at St. Paul,
who had, as we know, by this time then across the world, he'd been in Kenya.
Liberia met Malcolm X and Kenya during a second visit.
He was already being seen as someone who could give a voice of experience to the Black Power movement in the United States.
He attends a Philadelphia Black Power conference in 1968.
His acts to host a Black Power conference in Bermuda, which does so Bermuda hosts, as you know,
the first international Black Power conference that takes place outside of United States.
According to. The Central Intelligence Agency.
There were three major Black Power leaders in the Caribbean in the 1970s.
One was Stokely Carmichael I commentary that will come as no surprise.
Roosevelt Douglass, who was from Dominica. He was also very much involved in the Black Power movement in Toronto.
Number three was our own Paul. This is important for me because this speaks to the visibility of Palu as a Black Power activists and also indicts
his invisibility in terms of how we do not totally understand his global impact in movements of black power,
Pan-Africanism, ecological ecological justice across the world.
This document came from the U.S. State Department archives,
where they were aware that Paola was organising a recruiting conference participants in the US via D.C. and other spaces.
As I've talked about. Other conferences and lectures on my book, The British, the US, even the French,
Canadian governments for concern with black power spread across the world.
And this particular moment they conspired to suppress this conference in Bermuda,
so a number of activists would have attended, like the Caribbean's Walter Rodney, to make it.
But women like Queen Mother Moore and other activists like Jack Lynch,
who also was our keynote speaker at the conference we had and we organised the Dr. Francis and I know the Black Bible conference some years ago.
We're able to attend. Weeks later, Paolo finds himself in Australia,
where his acts to help Australia's burgeoning Black Power movement by a group called the Aboriginal Advancement League.
This photograph is courtesy of Australia's security intelligence organisation.
This is the photograph of him when he enters Victoria airport on his way to Melbourne next to him.
These two really critical black core activists in Australia Bob Maza and Bruce McGuinness.
Who he would invite to United States to a conference call, the Congress of African Peoples held in Atlanta 19 seven.
This is bought by mobs, the left in the middle is just a Corba just deal with us when I travel to Australia.
She had a lot to say about Paolo's impact on the Black Power movement in the Pacific.
And we all know this photograph. This is from the BlackBerry Cordray.
Some of these who were also some of the members were involved in the uprising.
In 1968, they joined the youth wing.
A year later, after the Black Power Conference, which they formally hosted a sponsored, rather, they created the Black America.
Drake to the left is joint host and Bassett.
I'm sure we can guess the others. See Jennifer Smith of Prayer in chief.
There's also Khalil Shabazz Bassett spend time as a student in Chicago.
He was close friends with Fred Hampton,
a major Black Power Black Panther Chicago who was murdered by the FBI or the Chicago Police Department in collaboration with the FBI.
The country became the vanguard of Black Power in Bermuda. They did a number of really amazing work.
They created liberation schools, the magazine, the BlackBerry.
Once again, it's a phenomenal, transnational journal of anti-colonialism solidarity.
The BlackBerry acts. This question is Bermuda like a little Rhodesia?
So does connectedness of Africa really at the forefront of black power in Bermuda?
There's also reveals another dynamic of black power globally as a as an anti-colonial movement.
As stated, this was a this was really of concern to two major Western governments, not all were black.
So in the Caribbean, for example, Polo cannot travel to a number of countries Black Power activists, but Stokely Carmichael cannot enter Trinidad.
The country has borne it.
So Black Power is also being repressed by black governments, which also speaks the dynamic of You cannot really talk about black power.
You don't talk about class. You don't talk about the creation of a black elite class.
It also would defend its own interests via support of capitalism and not the kind of systems of dominance.
They believe that the movement via collaborative international networks of intelligence and repression,
which begs another point usually when we talk about the repression of Black Power is in the context of the FBI's COINTELPRO programme,
which is important. But to really understand the suppression of Black Power and the fight against the repression,
we have to look at how other state forces also use or invest the resources in trying to separate the Black Power movement,
which is one of the reasons why we don't think of it as a global movement, because the propaganda,
the education and other means they have cornered this narrative of Black Power in the United States.
This is the photograph from 1971. This was a Kadry picture taken during a protest in support of Angela Davis.
According to the State Department, the country was Che Guevara at his most militant.
I should have put a picture of Che Guevara next to that quote, but I think you all know the bar, it looks like.
But that says a lot in terms of not just how the state saw the country, but the potential of this organisation in a small place like Bermuda.
But the potential impact that it could have not just young.
So the British Foreign and Commonwealth Organisation attacked the country through the creation of laws and filtration surveillance.
And once again, propaganda. My time is up, but I will finish with this.
The FCO saw Black Power in the Caribbean as approaching the momentum of 1960s African nationalism.
In other words, the very process that liberated Africa in the 1960s, they saw Black Power was having that same momentum.
In other words, this is not just a sidebar movement that may come and go.
It has the potential to transform the island from on a Caribbean plantation economies that the region has suffered from for hundreds of years.
So they attack the movement, as we all know.
Jonathan Bassett is arrested after Kadri burned the Union Jack and City Hall on a hot Saturday afternoon in 1970.
He was charged on the Offensive Behaviour Bill, which was designed just to attack the Kadry.
To me, this is a striking, and it also speaks to the whitewashing that recently took place at City Hall in terms of the Sunday morning.
But I don't have time to talk about that much further. But when you push, folks push back, we don't know enough about park burrows.
We do talk about national heroes, but in other social contexts, the heroes are the ones who are fighting the colonial system.
They may be maybe the people when and then the folks who are the finest criminals.
They become heroes after the fact. Some Mandela as a terrorist while I was in prison on Robben Island for the ANC, has a youth wing.
It leads to armed struggle against anti-apartheid or apartheid system. Once they win National Hero, Nobody, nobody's afraid to love Mandela.
That let me talk about Mandela. We talk woman down in terms of peace and love and unity and togetherness.
So if Bermuda was to be an independent country, what would you say about buckaroos?
Would he still be a criminal? The person we dance around, would you be transformed,
so is that so is the image of buck worries about himself or the political moment we find Bermudan once again?
My time has been up. These photographs were not in my book because the state had some issues.
With those sources, but I still have them, and hopefully they will be in the next.
Thank you very much for your time.