1 00:00:01,290 --> 00:00:10,800 Welcome to our guests and thank you for coming to listen to and talk about this really interesting and really timely topic. 2 00:00:11,550 --> 00:00:19,380 So on is an interest interdisciplinary researcher in the medical, Sociology and Health Experiences Research Group at the Primary Care Department. 3 00:00:20,400 --> 00:00:25,770 And we have loads of experience of diverse topics and qualitative studies. 4 00:00:26,640 --> 00:00:33,300 So she's going to talk about the opportunities and challenges related to rapid qualitative research. 5 00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:37,200 And obviously this is and then you think about rapid qualitative research. 6 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:43,590 There's been decades of people using and developing the methods around qualitative research, 7 00:00:44,130 --> 00:00:50,790 but still there's a lot of controversy around the topic and some people thinking it's a bit or is it just fast and sloppy? 8 00:00:51,270 --> 00:01:01,050 And is other people thinking about the opportunities that it gives researchers to provide perhaps a more timely time and findings? 9 00:01:01,530 --> 00:01:07,530 So Anna is going to go into the details based on her experience and her knowledge of qualitative research. 10 00:01:08,190 --> 00:01:11,610 So over to you. Thank you. Thanks for coming in. Oh, no, thank you. 11 00:01:11,790 --> 00:01:15,029 Thank you for inviting me. So I'm on it. 12 00:01:15,030 --> 00:01:18,269 I it's the end of the day. What day is it? 13 00:01:18,270 --> 00:01:21,420 Tuesday. Is it already? I feel like it's Friday. 14 00:01:21,780 --> 00:01:30,239 So we're all we're all here for a good time, you know, rather than a kind of, like, deep, intense, like theoretical exploration. 15 00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:35,160 So there's lots of examples. And I'm going to more try and just talk through. 16 00:01:35,460 --> 00:01:38,700 You know, I've done like a few different types of this, 17 00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:43,139 some which has gone well and some which has gone very badly and for different kinds of reasons. 18 00:01:43,140 --> 00:01:49,110 So I'll spend a few yarns and tell you some of my stories and then also try and show you 19 00:01:49,110 --> 00:01:54,899 where you can find more information when maybe when you're feeling a bit more like a week. 20 00:01:54,900 --> 00:01:58,290 Considering those of you who've been on the course, you've probably had quite a long day. 21 00:01:58,770 --> 00:02:03,270 And then also we can we can make it a bit chatty. 22 00:02:03,270 --> 00:02:08,520 If you want to talk as we go through, you can ask questions and I can either answer them, 23 00:02:08,520 --> 00:02:15,240 then I can tell you it's coming up so you don't need to worry. So basically we can do we can try and be that interactive about it. 24 00:02:15,660 --> 00:02:20,160 And what else I'll try and do like maybe like 30 minutes. 25 00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:22,770 You wanna listen to me talk for an hour, something like that. 26 00:02:22,770 --> 00:02:27,770 And then we can maybe have more of a discussion because I imagine, well, actually, let's do a bit of a poll. 27 00:02:27,770 --> 00:02:31,290 Like has anyone who has done like any qualitative research before. 28 00:02:32,280 --> 00:02:39,600 Okay, most people who has done any rapid qualitative research before. 29 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:45,150 Okay, A few. And who's interested in it? Who's that kind of feeling out there? 30 00:02:45,330 --> 00:02:49,180 Most people. Right, Right. So everyone you hadn't seen here, so. 31 00:02:49,180 --> 00:02:52,530 Oh, you're just here to, like, be like, you know, like put a stop to it. 32 00:02:53,340 --> 00:02:54,450 Okay, so this is good. 33 00:02:54,450 --> 00:02:59,220 So there's like a bit of extra and obviously, like, a lot of you have been on the course anyway, so you're getting to grips with it. 34 00:02:59,700 --> 00:03:06,750 So I think this is going to be hopefully at the end of this, you're going to come away thinking like it's not one or the other. 35 00:03:07,230 --> 00:03:11,520 And I think the main purpose for me is to kind of give away the ending. 36 00:03:11,520 --> 00:03:16,620 It's more about the questions that you're asking and what methods suit the questions rather than 37 00:03:16,620 --> 00:03:21,089 like some people are like everything has to be done quickly now or rapids better or slow is better. 38 00:03:21,090 --> 00:03:24,480 And I think that's not the case to sit on the fence anyway. 39 00:03:26,370 --> 00:03:31,110 So we'll be talking about, well, what it is, because actually that's a bit vague. 40 00:03:33,030 --> 00:03:37,769 It's not always easy to identify that as some reasons why you might want to do 41 00:03:37,770 --> 00:03:41,580 it and then some thinking about how you could do it well if you did want to. 42 00:03:42,120 --> 00:03:46,180 And then also, I think it's important to discuss why you might not want to and then, you know, 43 00:03:46,230 --> 00:03:50,370 a bit of kind of like motivational speaking at the end about why it might be for you. 44 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:54,120 Oh, no. Okay. 45 00:03:54,120 --> 00:03:57,299 So this is just a bit about me, a bit of context. So yes. 46 00:03:57,300 --> 00:04:04,470 So now I work currently in the Department for Primary Care Health Sciences in a medical sociology research group. 47 00:04:04,830 --> 00:04:09,720 But I was not always a researcher. I had a life before research like my previous life. 48 00:04:10,020 --> 00:04:16,559 And I. I never even wanted to be a researcher because I thought it all takes too long and it's too, too laborious. 49 00:04:16,560 --> 00:04:21,420 So I like started out more like the policy advocacy kind of charity sector. 50 00:04:21,420 --> 00:04:31,229 So like the first job I had, I worked for this breast cancer charity and I did rapid evaluations of breast cancer services. 51 00:04:31,230 --> 00:04:39,720 So I would kind of work with and work with different hospitals around the country and then kind of like lead them through service evaluations. 52 00:04:41,610 --> 00:04:46,290 So you kind of see aside it was called the service pledge, and then that was that was fraught with problems, 53 00:04:46,290 --> 00:04:52,290 but that was like a good kind of start into that's what, you know, what rapid projects can look like outside of an academic setting. 54 00:04:52,980 --> 00:04:58,230 And then I worked for a dementia charity called Alzheimer's Society, and that was a lot more policy research focussed. 55 00:04:58,230 --> 00:05:06,530 So again, that tended to be quite rough. PID studies, but that was kind of rapid projects with a view to informing policy that was happening, 56 00:05:06,530 --> 00:05:09,590 which I think is a lot of why people might want to do rapid stuff. 57 00:05:10,250 --> 00:05:14,510 And then I got sick of doing everything really quickly because I felt like I was doing a bad job. 58 00:05:14,510 --> 00:05:22,399 And then I did a very long winded kind of ethnographic PHC where I was looking at like primary care, the primary care response to domestic violence. 59 00:05:22,400 --> 00:05:29,510 So again, it was like a lot of work and with kind of the third sector. But looking at the collaboration between the third sector and primary care. 60 00:05:29,510 --> 00:05:32,990 So that was, you know, like the classic like two years of field work, 61 00:05:33,500 --> 00:05:37,309 really like immersive, which was good, but also kind of brought out some different things. 62 00:05:37,310 --> 00:05:43,760 But even during that time. So the project called Iris, I was doing shorter projects then kind of like, 63 00:05:43,770 --> 00:05:48,709 I suppose more kind of like evaluation or consultancy pieces for the charities I was working with. 64 00:05:48,710 --> 00:05:54,430 And then more recently I got my kind of baptism of fire through like official and 65 00:05:55,010 --> 00:06:02,060 official rapid research in a in like a formal setting through a lot of a big project, 66 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:08,780 like a big covered project. Basically that was the first time I'd really kind of gone like full immersion in rapid methods. 67 00:06:08,780 --> 00:06:13,339 And I learned a lot of what I know about this from from the people I met during that project. 68 00:06:13,340 --> 00:06:18,350 So basically I've done it in a lot of different ways and I can kind of from different perspective. 69 00:06:18,350 --> 00:06:26,870 So from both the kind of people who use that kind of evidence or are trying to use evidence to make change and also from the production side. 70 00:06:26,990 --> 00:06:31,160 So I think I, I can see a lot of different angles of it, basically. 71 00:06:32,810 --> 00:06:41,299 So what is it? So sometimes we talk about rapid, it gets a bit mixed up with urgency. 72 00:06:41,300 --> 00:06:45,230 So say in the context of the pandemic, of course it was edge and we didn't know what was happening. 73 00:06:45,230 --> 00:06:49,850 And in the previous pandemics or epidemics or in natural disasters or things like that, 74 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:55,819 there's a sense of urgency about getting research done, which doesn't necessarily translate to it being done quickly. 75 00:06:55,820 --> 00:07:04,550 But there can be a sense of like, we should do it quickly and then this rapid as just quick, like it's just happens more. 76 00:07:04,790 --> 00:07:07,429 It's like you take your normal research methods and there's this sense of 77 00:07:07,430 --> 00:07:11,540 you're just pressing kind of like times to speed or something more than that. 78 00:07:12,950 --> 00:07:19,489 But then I think the slightly more nuanced way to think about it is it's timely rather than just quick, 79 00:07:19,490 --> 00:07:22,910 because that kind of orients it towards, Well, what are you trying to do? 80 00:07:22,910 --> 00:07:28,250 Like who you trying to speak to? If research is for a purpose, you've probably got an audience in mind. 81 00:07:28,550 --> 00:07:30,050 And actually, what's a good time? 82 00:07:30,050 --> 00:07:37,550 Like how you thinking up these like slow research processes with what might actually be happening in the real world other way? 83 00:07:38,510 --> 00:07:46,100 And then also I think it's just like rapid can just be relatively quicker because, you know, actually in a in a policy research sense, 84 00:07:46,700 --> 00:07:56,419 a rapid project would literally be like two weeks, whereas like rapid research, academic research might be like six months rather than two years. 85 00:07:56,420 --> 00:08:02,480 So I think rapid is also relative to what you're kind of starting framework was. 86 00:08:04,010 --> 00:08:12,110 So who's looking? And so they said they like very generally the features of rapid research tend to have this more kind of iterative design. 87 00:08:12,110 --> 00:08:18,710 So it's kind of changing as you go through and you're collecting data and you're analysing it and then maybe you're reframing the research questions, 88 00:08:19,070 --> 00:08:24,170 it's all a bit more flexible and there's usually some element of participatory research. 89 00:08:24,170 --> 00:08:29,239 Usually if it's like if you've got a focus fixed focus of like a decision making process, 90 00:08:29,240 --> 00:08:34,160 you want to be involved and you've probably involved those people in the design of the research to some degree. 91 00:08:34,550 --> 00:08:40,830 Otherwise you wouldn't know exactly how you wanted to inform them. There's often multiple methods of data collection. 92 00:08:40,860 --> 00:08:50,270 You might be doing interviews and some observations or looking at documents or getting data off social media or Oh yeah, 93 00:08:50,300 --> 00:08:53,360 just like, like basically it's not just one qualitative method. 94 00:08:53,360 --> 00:08:59,209 It's like the whole host of qualitative methods because you're maybe just trying to like maximise the data you can get in a short space 95 00:08:59,210 --> 00:09:07,760 of time and it almost exclusively involves team based research because you kind of need more person power to get all of this done. 96 00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:17,120 And then this short time frame, it's either a short time frame, so a few weeks or a few months or it might be a long time frame, 97 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:21,260 but with kind of like multiple cycles of data collection that inform a project as it goes through. 98 00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:27,770 We can talk about that a bit more. And why does time even matter? 99 00:09:27,950 --> 00:09:33,110 Well, well, these are where the debates about time come in because there's that big question of rigour. 100 00:09:33,380 --> 00:09:38,450 But you know, and everyone's always like, well, is it rigorous? And then there is a sense of like, what does it matter what message you do? 101 00:09:38,450 --> 00:09:43,250 And that there's like an amount of time that is appropriate for that method. 102 00:09:43,280 --> 00:09:47,150 Have you got enough time to do the research? Well, and that's this kind of nebulous. 103 00:09:48,110 --> 00:09:52,160 It's difficult to set the time on. Like we need this amount of time to do an ethnography or something like that. 104 00:09:53,210 --> 00:09:59,720 I think some of that people don't talk about as much as kind of practicality of like, well, some things just don't have to. 105 00:09:59,800 --> 00:10:04,060 Take a long time. You know, you could watch the scale of the project that you're doing. 106 00:10:04,060 --> 00:10:11,620 Like what are the methods that you're using? Do you need a really long time to do that or can you do that a bit quick, bit more quickly, bit quicker? 107 00:10:11,890 --> 00:10:15,230 And also, I think there's the practicality of like what else have you got on in your life? 108 00:10:15,250 --> 00:10:19,480 Like, is it worth doing it quickly because you've got something else coming up or you're finishing something else off? 109 00:10:19,870 --> 00:10:23,109 Or like the things that aren't anything to do with work that you might be like, 110 00:10:23,110 --> 00:10:26,980 I just would like to get this project out my head because I've got another life event that's happening. 111 00:10:27,400 --> 00:10:29,770 So I think those things actually are really important. 112 00:10:29,770 --> 00:10:37,990 But then there's this point about timeliness of how do we make, how do we produce right research at the right time for it to be useful? 113 00:10:38,380 --> 00:10:44,709 Which I imagine a lot of us are motivated to some degree by the sense that we'd like our work to be impactful. 114 00:10:44,710 --> 00:10:48,370 We'd like it to. We like thinking about something in a lot of depth. 115 00:10:48,370 --> 00:10:51,969 We'd probably like it to be to contribute to the issue that we're looking at. 116 00:10:51,970 --> 00:10:56,080 So but this is also, again, quite like a philosophical question, like what does it mean to be useful? 117 00:10:56,740 --> 00:11:02,050 Useful to who? And then this idea about informing decision making as well, that can be a bit. 118 00:11:03,340 --> 00:11:04,640 What exactly does that mean? 119 00:11:04,660 --> 00:11:10,180 Like, is it just that like there's another document on the table in front of a group of people around a table making a decision? 120 00:11:10,660 --> 00:11:15,550 Or does it mean that, like you're considered an expert and you get to be involved in that decision as well? 121 00:11:15,820 --> 00:11:22,360 I think these so these are all important questions, but I think it's still it's not yet kind of fixed what timeliness means either. 122 00:11:25,150 --> 00:11:31,420 And I mentioned this, but like people have actually been using rapid methods for very, very, very, very long time. 123 00:11:31,420 --> 00:11:39,399 And these I just want to illustrate this with like, um, often it's like it's considered that it's the anthropologist or people who do like really, 124 00:11:39,400 --> 00:11:43,510 really long in-depth fieldwork, and they're the ones who are like, Well, 125 00:11:43,510 --> 00:11:47,140 you couldn't possibly do rapid methods that would be completely inappropriate. 126 00:11:47,500 --> 00:11:55,030 So these two people, some of like the founding members of a of European anthropology. 127 00:11:56,500 --> 00:12:05,620 So Maria Lipsky, she was actually the first female anthropology lecturer at Oxford University who was French and then did a lot of his work. 128 00:12:05,620 --> 00:12:11,590 So she did a lot of her work in Siberia, and he did a lot of his work in in the Amazon. 129 00:12:11,920 --> 00:12:15,760 And they both basically did what we would now call like rapid ethnography. 130 00:12:15,760 --> 00:12:24,610 They spent like a few days in lots of different places. So admittedly they did do quite a lot of fieldwork, but they really didn't spend much time. 131 00:12:24,610 --> 00:12:27,970 And they they more like their vision of studying. 132 00:12:28,090 --> 00:12:33,610 They were almost like canvassing, like a whole range of different situations, 133 00:12:33,610 --> 00:12:38,589 which I think is actually then pretty much what we've come round to back around to today with rapid research. 134 00:12:38,590 --> 00:12:43,810 It's like trying to get like snapshots of different things that were happening and then build up a bigger picture. 135 00:12:44,050 --> 00:12:50,470 So I think these is also just the sense of trends, right? People don't really talk about the fact that they they did their research like this, 136 00:12:50,470 --> 00:12:53,470 but actually it's kind of it's not a it wasn't controversial then. 137 00:12:53,470 --> 00:13:00,640 And I think it kind of comes back around to. So it's kind of like different different questions of what ends up being useful. 138 00:13:00,640 --> 00:13:05,190 And I think this again, this was in the eighties, people were talking about this scrimshaw and Hittite. 139 00:13:05,340 --> 00:13:11,050 And these these guys did a lot of work on like rapid assessment processes, which I'll talk about later. 140 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:17,679 So they ask this question, it's quite provocative question, which I think still stuns, is like how long do we need to spend in the field? 141 00:13:17,680 --> 00:13:22,810 Really, How long, how much data do we need to collect to be able to say something useful? 142 00:13:23,410 --> 00:13:29,680 And um, and then I guess for me this means like, well, it depends what question you're trying to answer. 143 00:13:29,980 --> 00:13:35,680 Maybe a year is useful, maybe five years is useful, but maybe you could do something over the course of a few weeks. 144 00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:43,509 And so I think this ends up coming down to this is my first of a self made me the business 145 00:13:43,510 --> 00:13:48,220 sense that like it's actually a lot of it's actually just like a bit of like a turf war, 146 00:13:48,760 --> 00:13:51,489 you know, when we're like we're fighting ourselves within the field. 147 00:13:51,490 --> 00:13:56,560 You know, there's some people who are like, I'm really, I really believe in like long term methods because like, 148 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:00,520 enables you to do this kind of critical, in-depth research and build these relationships. 149 00:14:00,880 --> 00:14:04,660 And then there's this other people who are like, But we're trying to be really relevant and like, 150 00:14:04,780 --> 00:14:09,249 we're trying to be, you know, say in the context of like emergency situations. 151 00:14:09,250 --> 00:14:12,310 We want people to think like, let's get the qualitative researchers in as well. 152 00:14:12,700 --> 00:14:16,960 And actually, I think it's like it's a fight over it. 153 00:14:16,990 --> 00:14:24,010 It's a it's because qualitative methods in general are sometimes downgraded relative to quantitative methods, 154 00:14:24,010 --> 00:14:29,170 which are always seen as useful, no matter kind of what time scale it's done on or what kind of breath is. 155 00:14:29,470 --> 00:14:35,530 So I think it's like we're trying to almost like fighting for scraps when actually we could just be like, Well, everything's got its place. 156 00:14:38,410 --> 00:14:43,270 And yeah, like I said, the people I kind of met at the start of the pandemic. 157 00:14:43,270 --> 00:14:49,299 So Cecilia and Ginger, like they, they were also kind of leading this work. 158 00:14:49,300 --> 00:14:59,650 So they run something called the Rapid Research and Evaluation and Appraisal Lab at UCL, and they would have kind of already scoped out a lot of. 159 00:14:59,680 --> 00:15:06,880 This territory just before the COVID pandemic started, because they've been working on other health emergencies. 160 00:15:07,330 --> 00:15:11,200 They'd done this big review like this. They actually tell a really good story about this paper. 161 00:15:11,260 --> 00:15:17,350 This paper is now like so highly cited, and it took them years to get this published. 162 00:15:17,560 --> 00:15:24,070 And they went to so many different journals because everyone was like, oh, rapid methods. 163 00:15:24,520 --> 00:15:27,969 Like, it's not worth it. Like, they're not all of these questions. 164 00:15:27,970 --> 00:15:36,220 They're not rigorous. Like, no one cares about this. And then like, as soon as then the COVID pandemic started, everyone was like, All is forgiven. 165 00:15:36,460 --> 00:15:45,700 Oh, please, teachers. Well, you know, and then I feel really lucky that I basically I kind of fell into working with them. 166 00:15:45,940 --> 00:15:50,770 Remember when everyone was just like, I must do something useful at the start of the pandemic? 167 00:15:51,820 --> 00:16:00,370 And I knew someone who knew Cecilia, who was doing a project, and I was like, I'll do anything like, please let me come and work with you for free. 168 00:16:00,400 --> 00:16:01,960 I'll just try and be helpful to you. 169 00:16:04,090 --> 00:16:12,399 But yeah, they've actually done a lot of the groundwork of the kind of like, I suppose, like they'd brought it up to date, like where was the fields? 170 00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:17,590 Because obviously people also do this all the time, particularly in development, which I think is where Ginger did more of her work. 171 00:16:17,590 --> 00:16:21,549 It's actually like a lot of the time is just in development and aid programs, 172 00:16:21,550 --> 00:16:25,150 rapid methods are there was actually a lot of expertise that had been developed, 173 00:16:26,320 --> 00:16:32,140 but then it hadn't necessarily been synthesised for like an academic audience and people were just being kind of snobby about it, I think. 174 00:16:35,140 --> 00:16:37,360 But then there's been lots of like for ages, 175 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:43,269 there's been lots of situations where it has been used and people have been happy with it and thought it's been productive. 176 00:16:43,270 --> 00:16:49,270 So it seems to be good for and I've got some examples coming up for like short term, 177 00:16:49,510 --> 00:16:54,339 like decisions are coming up and like we want to be able to inform these kinds 178 00:16:54,340 --> 00:17:02,480 of decisions about like whether to invest more in a service or less or oh, 179 00:17:02,620 --> 00:17:07,900 so that would be the main example for that one. And then it's like, what does a particular group of people think about an issue? 180 00:17:08,050 --> 00:17:10,530 Like whether that's like a novel issue or like often this, 181 00:17:10,720 --> 00:17:15,580 this idea about are they willing to engage in something like is there a new intervention or approach or treatment? 182 00:17:15,580 --> 00:17:23,830 And I can actually it can just be very useful to get a snapshot again of what people think about it or a snapshot of how like a Yeah, 183 00:17:23,830 --> 00:17:30,190 how a service is working like across a number of different actors. And then I guess there's the sense that sometimes services, 184 00:17:30,190 --> 00:17:35,980 sometimes things have already started being implemented and so you want to actually see what's happening live, 185 00:17:36,130 --> 00:17:40,570 you know, because as much as we'd like to think that, you know, policy is led by evidence, 186 00:17:40,570 --> 00:17:48,850 it often isn't and things just happen and then actually evidence and then research can step in at that point to kind of join the party a bit later. 187 00:17:49,990 --> 00:17:55,540 And then I think the one that we've been most familiar with recently is this idea of things that change or disappear rapidly. 188 00:17:55,540 --> 00:17:59,380 So you kind of have to get in there quick because they won't be around for a long time. 189 00:18:01,190 --> 00:18:02,900 So some examples. 190 00:18:03,350 --> 00:18:14,890 This was a very successful rapid project with this is the idea that like rapid methods can inform public health messages and in an emerging crisis. 191 00:18:14,900 --> 00:18:22,070 And so this is during Zika in the British Virgin Islands, basically in this area, the US Virgin Islands. 192 00:18:23,780 --> 00:18:31,819 Basically they were just telling everyone to the public health messaging was all just about avoiding mosquitoes when actually in the context of Zika, 193 00:18:31,820 --> 00:18:37,190 which was having a affected related, one of the consequences is birth defects. 194 00:18:37,610 --> 00:18:42,589 Mostly what people were interested in or were concerned about was kind of family planning, 195 00:18:42,590 --> 00:18:48,390 like contraception and avoiding unwanted pregnancies, which actually was a general issue. 196 00:18:48,410 --> 00:18:51,080 So they did this rapid research, this research team, 197 00:18:51,440 --> 00:18:56,719 and then they found out actually kind of the way in which people wanted to be informed in the things they wanted information about. 198 00:18:56,720 --> 00:18:58,190 And then they worked with the Red Cross, 199 00:18:58,190 --> 00:19:04,940 and then they actually developed a hugely they rapidly developed a hugely successful public health kind of strategy around Zika. 200 00:19:05,270 --> 00:19:10,489 So that was that one went very well. And again, they did this over like, Oh, this is a few weeks. 201 00:19:10,490 --> 00:19:18,920 This was a really short they just did two to groups of two focus groups, while two like a men and women focus groups. 202 00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:25,510 They did a few different they probably spoke to about 40 of each and then they managed to get yeah, 203 00:19:25,560 --> 00:19:28,310 they managed to kind of actually do something that seemed to be useful for people. 204 00:19:28,820 --> 00:19:34,120 Another one that's really popular and again has been going on for quite a long time is to do with trials. 205 00:19:34,130 --> 00:19:41,180 And so trials cost so much money and then if they can't recruit, everyone is really annoyed. 206 00:19:42,110 --> 00:19:54,169 And so often qualitative methods are used as a bit of a handmaiden in trials to actually make sure all I could do do interventions work for patients, 207 00:19:54,170 --> 00:19:58,580 and then they can kind of and then you can kind of build it's often a little bit more formally staged. 208 00:19:58,970 --> 00:20:02,570 You know, you get things like a stepped wedge trial where you can change things at different points. 209 00:20:03,440 --> 00:20:09,520 But generally it means that if something's not working, you can use qualitative methods to see like, 210 00:20:09,530 --> 00:20:12,620 is it the intervention, Is it the recruitment methods? 211 00:20:12,620 --> 00:20:15,680 Is it something to do with the patients? Is it something to do with the staff, whatever. 212 00:20:16,310 --> 00:20:24,410 And so in this one they basically found that. And so I thought this was interesting because, like, if they hadn't have done this qualitative study, 213 00:20:24,620 --> 00:20:31,820 they might have just thought that this intervention and this kind of flu therapy intervention was not acceptable or was not, 214 00:20:31,970 --> 00:20:34,550 you know, good for patients, but the patients actually hadn't. 215 00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:38,690 They were finding it really hard to recruit patients, were finding it like very difficult. 216 00:20:38,830 --> 00:20:43,250 And so the team were finding it very difficult to do the route to get the kind of recruitment figures. 217 00:20:43,460 --> 00:20:47,810 But that was mostly I mean, it's not really a surprise. They just didn't have the right number of staff. 218 00:20:47,960 --> 00:20:53,210 And like the staff when like kind of, well, integrate all this stuff hadn't integrated the trial very well into the workflows. 219 00:20:53,570 --> 00:20:59,480 So actually then they did that and then it all worked a lot better and it was totally acceptable to patients and patients who were up for it. 220 00:20:59,900 --> 00:21:05,300 And, you know, just anyway, it made the trial work a lot better. So I think that's I mean, I think you could have found that out before. 221 00:21:05,750 --> 00:21:10,790 Sometimes I'm like, you're using qualitative research for things that kind of obvious, but still it still helped. 222 00:21:10,900 --> 00:21:19,070 So and then so you can basically you can build this in at different stages of trials to see to kind of like help with trial processes. 223 00:21:19,070 --> 00:21:29,500 And this one was also interesting because this is I think this one's a bit more about this kind of like snapshot and also this one. 224 00:21:29,510 --> 00:21:33,950 This one was pretty clever because it was it was comparative, which I have found tricky, 225 00:21:33,950 --> 00:21:37,219 which I'll talk about later, how you compare things across different countries. 226 00:21:37,220 --> 00:21:41,810 But basically they did like a system mapping of these like perioperative care pathway. 227 00:21:41,820 --> 00:21:44,780 So there's often this big pressure to that. 228 00:21:44,870 --> 00:21:51,409 There's goals around access to surgical treatments in low and middle income countries, but there isn't the same infrastructure around. 229 00:21:51,410 --> 00:21:54,560 Well, actually, what's the care that happens kind of before, during, after surgery? 230 00:21:54,950 --> 00:22:01,070 And so this study was like mapping out the kind of perioperative care pathway. 231 00:22:01,100 --> 00:22:08,270 So they did like stakeholder interviews, ethnographic observations and system mapping. 232 00:22:08,270 --> 00:22:16,009 And it did just bring up a picture. But it really showed kind of how lots of things that I wouldn't have necessarily even thought about. 233 00:22:16,010 --> 00:22:21,320 Like one of the big problems was not even the quality of care, but was actually about the indirect, 234 00:22:21,560 --> 00:22:25,129 the unexpected costs that patients had to have to like access services. 235 00:22:25,130 --> 00:22:30,440 So like, how much would it cost them to get to the hospital or to like, have food while they were there or, you know, stuff like that. 236 00:22:30,830 --> 00:22:35,030 So I think that this one and again, it was all done quickly. 237 00:22:35,030 --> 00:22:38,269 But I think what it really did was it started a lot of different conversations 238 00:22:38,270 --> 00:22:42,800 about what were the what resources are needed around having a whole pathway. 239 00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:52,459 So it was more like a kind of a bird's eye view of a pathway. Um, and this one, again, this is very, really common. 240 00:22:52,460 --> 00:22:55,820 You get a lot of like barriers and facilitators type of studies like this. 241 00:22:57,140 --> 00:23:03,470 And so and again, this is happening like way before the pandemic. Talk about kind of whether if they're going to introduce and if so, 242 00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:10,530 this was the idea that they were going to introduce these mobile health units for anti-retroviral treatments in Mozambique. 243 00:23:10,530 --> 00:23:15,330 And then they just kind of they were just scoping out, well, would you use this? 244 00:23:15,570 --> 00:23:21,570 Would this be useful to you? And then they basically said, again, it's not that surprising, like it would be really useful. 245 00:23:21,570 --> 00:23:25,130 Can we get other health care services in the mobile units at the same time? 246 00:23:25,140 --> 00:23:30,890 You know, because like to do with other things too. So then that kind of would have increased the acceptability of the use of it in general. 247 00:23:30,900 --> 00:23:34,500 So I guess it's like I mean, it doesn't seem like rocket science, right? 248 00:23:34,530 --> 00:23:39,690 It's like quite like simple questions, things that can be immediately useful. 249 00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:48,270 A lot of this was done in partnership with with kind of like people who are a lot more actively involved in the issues as well as the researchers. 250 00:23:49,290 --> 00:23:57,000 But then I guess the big question is how we speed things up or what any questions as we go through how we do holographic. 251 00:23:57,060 --> 00:24:00,330 And so yeah, yeah. You do studies that. Yeah. 252 00:24:00,950 --> 00:24:07,050 Yeah. Was it intended that the qualitative research would run in parallel right from the beginning? 253 00:24:07,140 --> 00:24:12,980 Yeah. You're an emergency service that's drafted in to find out what's going on when something is working. 254 00:24:13,350 --> 00:24:17,219 I think it's they all of them. Well, particularly the trial. 255 00:24:17,220 --> 00:24:18,330 It was there from the beginning, 256 00:24:18,480 --> 00:24:25,590 but I think trials have just learned that it's just saves them time and money and gets them better results if they like pop, fine. 257 00:24:26,880 --> 00:24:32,210 And then the other ones were all planned, as I suppose they were thinking about like the the like mobile. 258 00:24:32,810 --> 00:24:37,500 I imagine it does something about reporting standards which we can also come to later. 259 00:24:37,500 --> 00:24:41,670 But they don't always say what the impetus was like, who decided it. 260 00:24:41,670 --> 00:24:46,950 But I think generally it tends to be like someone saying, We want to do this intervention or this this emergency. 261 00:24:46,950 --> 00:24:50,130 Like how do we know what's going to work or not? 262 00:24:50,490 --> 00:24:52,440 It's because, again, it's often driven by cost, right? 263 00:24:52,470 --> 00:24:57,780 People want to know if it's going to be if people are going to use something before they invest in it, 264 00:24:57,780 --> 00:25:02,819 before they roll out in a big in a big way or with the public health thing, it wasn't really working. 265 00:25:02,820 --> 00:25:07,860 Like there were a lot of Zika infections in the US Virgin Islands, so I guess they were like, 266 00:25:07,860 --> 00:25:13,469 We need to do something about this, like this, a global like this, the eyes of the globe on us. 267 00:25:13,470 --> 00:25:15,720 And so they were doing worse than other places. 268 00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:20,010 So I guess it's a bit it's a bit like joining the emergency services when they're like, we need to work out what's happening. 269 00:25:20,370 --> 00:25:23,519 Yeah, I, I'm just wondering about ethical approval. 270 00:25:23,520 --> 00:25:27,240 So, yeah, this is like an American service company. Kind of get this. 271 00:25:27,540 --> 00:25:35,159 Yeah. Okay. Well, great segway directly into the next. 272 00:25:35,160 --> 00:25:44,610 Exactly the next point. So thank you. It's like we planned it The so these are the different ways that you can kind of speed things up. 273 00:25:45,060 --> 00:25:50,910 And so I've just broken this down into like different research stages and this is 274 00:25:50,910 --> 00:25:55,110 kind of taken from the literature and just from some of my own experiences too. 275 00:25:55,350 --> 00:25:59,550 And also they'll probably be definitely things on here that I haven't thought about. So if you want to add anything. 276 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:06,479 That's right. So the funding between like approvals, ethical approvals is like is very tricky. 277 00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:12,570 I don't know how many people. It's difficult to get around that. So you can sometimes fund this rapid calls. 278 00:26:13,260 --> 00:26:15,600 So through COVID, there was a lot of like, we'll get back, 279 00:26:15,600 --> 00:26:23,010 we'll make a decision within a few weeks type of thing and you can go sometimes get rapid ethical approval 280 00:26:24,030 --> 00:26:30,000 fast tracked or you can actually start applying for ethics like before the project's been funded. 281 00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:38,070 You can also do it unfunded. So then you don't need to worry about actually, if you've got if you can move money around in other ways. 282 00:26:38,430 --> 00:26:45,299 But like it really is, my reflection on that is pretty much impossible to get people to do anything fast track unless it's considered urgent, 283 00:26:45,300 --> 00:26:50,010 like it's a global pandemic. If it's one of these like snapshot, how is the service working? 284 00:26:50,310 --> 00:26:54,690 There's not much reason why an ethics board should prioritise you. 285 00:26:55,020 --> 00:26:59,460 So that bit is really that's a bit which I find quite kind of. 286 00:27:00,090 --> 00:27:07,739 That's the snail path of it. It's really hard to, to speed up the external bureaucracy with a reset. 287 00:27:07,740 --> 00:27:13,049 You know, the next step is really the kind of research questions like what you asking and it does work 288 00:27:13,050 --> 00:27:19,260 well to have like very specific questions like will this mobile health service be acceptable? 289 00:27:22,020 --> 00:27:25,499 Like, do people find this trial recruitment procedure acceptable? 290 00:27:25,500 --> 00:27:29,850 You know, if you've got like a really focussed question and a limited scope of inquiry, that helps too, 291 00:27:30,150 --> 00:27:36,000 and this kind of engaging with stakeholders to find out what's useful to them, that that is like a really good way to do it. 292 00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:41,280 But then that's really tricky when not I mean, most things are more complicated than that, 293 00:27:42,180 --> 00:27:47,280 and particularly like an emergent issue which you're trying to even in the context of the pandemic, 294 00:27:48,090 --> 00:27:53,010 most recent pandemic, you know, it's like it's an evolving you might ask one question one day, 295 00:27:53,010 --> 00:27:55,920 but then two weeks later, the question that is useful might be different. 296 00:27:56,310 --> 00:27:59,600 And if you like, I don't know how much scoping work you've ever done with stakes. 297 00:27:59,640 --> 00:28:02,610 Holders of stakeholder engagement. They've always got a lot of different opinions. 298 00:28:02,670 --> 00:28:07,590 So actually, it doesn't necessarily help to do a lot of kind of that work at the beginning. 299 00:28:07,890 --> 00:28:15,660 Whilst it's important, it doesn't necessarily help you to narrow down. One of the main ways, like I said earlier, 300 00:28:15,660 --> 00:28:21,840 that you can speed up speed things up is by having this larger distributing the labour across like a large research team. 301 00:28:22,260 --> 00:28:31,240 And this seems to work best when you've got like a few very experienced researchers and then quite a lot of inexperienced researchers. 302 00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:33,950 And then it's kind of like a lot more. 303 00:28:33,960 --> 00:28:38,580 I think often research is a bit more like you just go out and you do your own thing and everyone is left to their own devices. 304 00:28:38,820 --> 00:28:46,830 But this operates on a more of a kind of like the experienced researchers really like hands on directing the kind of fieldwork is, as it were. 305 00:28:48,960 --> 00:28:52,080 And that's like challenging if you haven't got like a team that works well, 306 00:28:52,110 --> 00:28:56,080 As with any of these things, researchers are often really bad at team work as well. 307 00:28:56,100 --> 00:29:03,690 I find unless they've had like other professional experience and then like having these like more junior researchers, 308 00:29:03,690 --> 00:29:08,760 I think it's a how are they going to get the right support and development and stuff like that. 309 00:29:10,470 --> 00:29:13,530 Because like you're kind of thrown in, it's quite intense process. 310 00:29:15,660 --> 00:29:20,790 And then in recruitment actually does I mean, I remember before I started doing any of this, 311 00:29:20,790 --> 00:29:24,690 I was like, Oh, you're never going to be able to recruit, get like a good, diverse sample. 312 00:29:24,700 --> 00:29:32,310 But then it's really I think in these kind of projects, it only works when the researchers are embedded in the community of interest, 313 00:29:32,850 --> 00:29:38,100 because otherwise you just haven't got the time to like access people if they if you've got no relationship with the with the community, 314 00:29:38,100 --> 00:29:41,340 whether that's like professionals or kind of patients or things like that. 315 00:29:41,880 --> 00:29:48,690 So you can actually do really great like reach very like hard to access people, but you can only reach those people. 316 00:29:48,690 --> 00:29:53,990 You can only reach the people that you've got like a close connection to or like your contacts have got a close connection to. 317 00:29:54,000 --> 00:29:59,270 And obviously the online recruitment really helps with that in the context of the pandemic. 318 00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:09,150 But in low and middle income countries, that just hasn't been a good way to access people stuff just because of digital access and things like that. 319 00:30:09,660 --> 00:30:15,360 So you can really like a kind of the constraint there is that you can pretty much only do convenient sampling or a kind of 320 00:30:15,360 --> 00:30:21,600 a purposive sample where you're just looking at like a particular group and this idea of like a maximum variation sample, 321 00:30:21,960 --> 00:30:27,090 we are trying to get as wide a range of different people as possible is just it's super challenging. 322 00:30:30,090 --> 00:30:36,360 And in the data collection, you can do all these things like have standardised tools that everyone uses, 323 00:30:36,360 --> 00:30:38,910 remote data collection, you know, so remote interviewing, stuff like that. 324 00:30:39,540 --> 00:30:44,220 Like I said earlier, you can use like lots of different types of data and kind of triangulate within that. 325 00:30:44,580 --> 00:30:51,719 Also use of existing data. So like secondary analysis of data that you already have and data that you can just get in the real world, 326 00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:54,300 you know, documents and things like that data you don't have to collect. 327 00:30:56,010 --> 00:31:01,560 And then this has all of the usual considerations around any methods issue around like, well, who does that include? 328 00:31:01,920 --> 00:31:08,999 What is the breadth of the research? Like how, how responsive can like standard approaches be to change? 329 00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:12,030 Like if you need to change your study procedure, things like that? 330 00:31:12,480 --> 00:31:16,690 Um. For me, as I suppose. 331 00:31:16,690 --> 00:31:25,330 I think the thing that sets kind of academic research, aside from other forms of research, is the like analytical stage. 332 00:31:26,140 --> 00:31:33,940 And because that's what we spend a long time learning how to do and that's what you've been doing, those of you on the course and stuff like that. 333 00:31:33,950 --> 00:31:37,360 And that's where I'll talk a bit more about this later. 334 00:31:37,600 --> 00:31:42,549 This is where I think you have to make the quickest gains because like this is what the people want to hear. 335 00:31:42,550 --> 00:31:46,570 Like if you're trying to inform any decision making processes, it's off the back of your analysis. 336 00:31:47,290 --> 00:31:50,469 And so you need to be able to do this quickly and come up with some good ideas quickly. 337 00:31:50,470 --> 00:31:57,580 And so that can be facilitated by team based analysis and use of these kind of team based analysis tools, which I'll talk about. 338 00:31:57,910 --> 00:32:01,540 But it also is hard, like I found this really hard when I was doing it. 339 00:32:01,870 --> 00:32:03,730 It's very iterative. You have to keep on top of that. 340 00:32:04,720 --> 00:32:09,340 And then like again, this idea if there's an emergent problem or an emergent phenomena that you're looking at, 341 00:32:09,340 --> 00:32:13,479 it's going to like change in the direction of of your interest might change. 342 00:32:13,480 --> 00:32:16,570 So that is hard. I found that it's challenging. 343 00:32:16,570 --> 00:32:19,510 It's a whole different set of skills to keep on top of that. 344 00:32:20,710 --> 00:32:27,390 And I guess I suppose it kind of relates to one of the earlier points about engaging stakeholders is the way to speed things up too. 345 00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:31,959 And really having the people you want to speak to involved from the get go 346 00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:37,150 just means that you can make sure what you're doing is as useful as possible. 347 00:32:37,330 --> 00:32:40,210 And then the same things about how to navigate contradictory advice. 348 00:32:40,750 --> 00:32:49,450 And then the other thing that's always slow is that reporting, because this is just another stage of bureaucracy, like how you write. 349 00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:54,340 It depends what we mean by reporting. You know, often in academic stuff, we want to have it peer reviewed. 350 00:32:54,670 --> 00:33:00,580 We want to have like these kind of independent verifications of it. So how do you get writing done quickly? 351 00:33:03,070 --> 00:33:07,660 Like who's responsible for writing in teams? How do you do team based, like group writing and things like that? 352 00:33:07,930 --> 00:33:14,710 Preprints like have been really useful, I think, and got a lot more acceptable during the pandemic, so you can at least get it out there quickly. 353 00:33:15,700 --> 00:33:20,890 And also the alternative doesn't always have to be a paper, you know, like these Cecilia and Ginger, 354 00:33:21,700 --> 00:33:24,609 they do loads of infographics, they do lots of much more accessible, 355 00:33:24,610 --> 00:33:31,870 They do little videos, stuff that's just much more accessible for the people that they might be trying to get the get research to. 356 00:33:31,870 --> 00:33:33,760 But again, like team dynamics, we're involved there. 357 00:33:34,150 --> 00:33:40,340 And again, you really need to think about who you're trying to speak to in order to be able to get that reporting done quickly and. 358 00:33:42,720 --> 00:33:50,190 Oh, so this is the analysis section. So I'm going to play you a video because I think this is the get out of here. 359 00:33:50,370 --> 00:33:58,489 I'll go back. Um, because I think this is like, this was the thing that I learned the most from. 360 00:33:58,490 --> 00:34:12,620 I think about the analysis methods. We do have an afternoon to use in rapid assessment procedures around deposit data collection and analysis of data. 361 00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:21,700 Iraqi Policy. Rap sheets are a table, including two main categories of information collected in the study. 362 00:34:22,060 --> 00:34:28,660 These categories are based on the research questions, theoretical framework, or the collection instruments. 363 00:34:29,530 --> 00:34:32,890 As an interview is carried out, the researcher takes notes. 364 00:34:33,130 --> 00:34:40,930 Even if they only record the interview. The researcher then summarises the key findings from the notes that add them to the rap sheet. 365 00:34:41,620 --> 00:34:47,680 When she carries out an observation or another interview, she asks that you find the same rap sheet. 366 00:34:48,430 --> 00:34:54,460 The researcher will do this for each data source using the rap sheet as a translation tool. 367 00:34:55,690 --> 00:35:02,410 The rap sheet will start growing in length. Some topics will repeat themselves, but gaps will also appear. 368 00:35:03,040 --> 00:35:06,670 These gaps can be addressed as data collection is ongoing. 369 00:35:07,810 --> 00:35:17,050 Different types of rap sheets and maybe one for each researcher, Each study size, population or two captured changes over time. 370 00:35:17,890 --> 00:35:24,730 The rap sheet can be used to discuss emerging findings and obtain feedback on matters of the team or stakeholders, 371 00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:27,190 prompting changes near the study design. 372 00:35:29,590 --> 00:35:36,370 If changes are made in the rap sheet, all the researchers should make the same changes to maintain consistency. 373 00:35:37,240 --> 00:35:45,970 Rap sheets help create a quick summary of findings, but they also guide researchers as they set out to have that more in-depth analysis. 374 00:35:46,900 --> 00:35:52,990 There are many creative ways to use rap sheets. Visit our website for more information. 375 00:35:57,860 --> 00:36:10,850 All right. So I would say that these rap sheets were the thing that brought it together because they and I'd never used anything like this before. 376 00:36:10,970 --> 00:36:16,970 And this is a preprint also, you know, like research and action and rapid method in action. 377 00:36:17,910 --> 00:36:22,549 They because usually I'd just been like, well, 378 00:36:22,550 --> 00:36:27,470 you collect your data and then you kind of go through your use kind of either you're 379 00:36:27,470 --> 00:36:30,220 just doing it like old fashioned and you're just thinking about it and you coming 380 00:36:30,230 --> 00:36:34,820 up with your kind of analysis frames or you're using your kind of enviro software 381 00:36:34,820 --> 00:36:38,180 and you load all the data in each of the transcripts and you load it all in, 382 00:36:38,180 --> 00:36:42,440 and you might have written a few notes, but this was really like, you do the interview. 383 00:36:42,650 --> 00:36:48,110 As you're doing the interview, you're writing some notes. As soon as you finished an interview, you fill in the sheets, 384 00:36:48,110 --> 00:36:54,500 which has got like a few key categories that maybe the research team has decided are important or inform in the early stages of the research. 385 00:36:54,860 --> 00:36:57,379 And then like they're all shared and stored in one place. 386 00:36:57,380 --> 00:37:05,960 So you read each other's like in this team, everyone's collecting different bits of data and then so then you're kind of learning. 387 00:37:06,050 --> 00:37:13,400 It's just it's essentially a way of sharing notes and ideas quickly. And yeah, it was like it was very helpful. 388 00:37:13,400 --> 00:37:19,670 It was quite chaotic. It's kind of hard to keep on top of. Everyone really needs to be very involved all the time, reading each other's stuff. 389 00:37:19,670 --> 00:37:26,060 And then the video said it's kind of if you make a change, it then has to be consistent across the whole project. 390 00:37:26,630 --> 00:37:35,390 But they are. I actually think we could do more of that. It's very some of this stuff we should maybe just bring in to like routine qualitative work. 391 00:37:35,390 --> 00:37:42,350 Even if it's not, it doesn't have to be rapid because it's actually just like a good way to inform everyone about what's happening. 392 00:37:42,350 --> 00:37:49,249 But I would recommend kind of looking at some of this like this paper and things like that, 393 00:37:49,250 --> 00:37:53,240 because I think this is probably the way this is one of the hardest things to get on top of. 394 00:37:53,280 --> 00:37:57,200 I think this is actually one of the quickest ways. This is where the speed comes from for me. 395 00:38:00,290 --> 00:38:09,319 But yeah, it's not that straightforward because, you know, this this question of determining the scope and focus is is tricky. 396 00:38:09,320 --> 00:38:12,370 Like, you know, sometimes you might want to ask a bigger question about like, you know, 397 00:38:12,380 --> 00:38:20,060 not just like for instance with the mobile antiretroviral treatment units, it's not just like, oh, well, are they acceptable? 398 00:38:20,060 --> 00:38:27,110 But it's like, you know, why are some people getting more like more exposed to HIV than other people? 399 00:38:27,110 --> 00:38:31,820 That's a very different type of question, which might require different types of methods. 400 00:38:32,930 --> 00:38:37,700 And this idea about who's setting the agenda, if it's very kind of like outcome focussed research, 401 00:38:38,090 --> 00:38:40,979 then you're really kind of are you actually, I suppose I'll go on to this. 402 00:38:40,980 --> 00:38:46,700 So you're going to be kind of as the as the researcher setting the agenda is like a kind of policy actor, 403 00:38:46,700 --> 00:38:49,940 setting the agenda and like, do you need to ask questions of that process? 404 00:38:50,480 --> 00:38:56,000 And I've discussed the kind of bureaucratic delays, particularly with funding and publishing stuff. 405 00:38:56,000 --> 00:39:01,309 I like getting in the way as in like I mean, with rapid methods, 406 00:39:01,310 --> 00:39:09,560 it's really full on because it's going to be done quickly and you know, you reach a kind of like on site rocket powered. 407 00:39:10,960 --> 00:39:15,350 And so if you've just got other things going on, you know, if you've got like, you know, it could be anything. 408 00:39:15,640 --> 00:39:19,300 Anything else happening in your life, that just means you have to slow down in general. 409 00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:24,220 There isn't a lot of scope in a rapid project to kind of take time out. 410 00:39:24,230 --> 00:39:27,850 So that is it requires a lot of the research, I think. 411 00:39:28,210 --> 00:39:32,920 And then this question about who ends up participating like this, this kind of low hanging fruit issue. 412 00:39:34,000 --> 00:39:38,829 And then yeah, the thing that really like kind of I'm always thinking about is like, 413 00:39:38,830 --> 00:39:42,830 what's research do and is it meant to be informing a change that's already happening? 414 00:39:42,850 --> 00:39:50,250 Is it meant to be critiquing it and on trying to offer, you know, as a kind of constructive criticism or as like a, you know, 415 00:39:50,260 --> 00:39:54,430 as a as a more active one or actually sometimes are we trying to re-imagine things that we're trying 416 00:39:54,430 --> 00:39:58,600 to reframe processes and we're trying to say that's not the question that we should be asking. 417 00:39:58,600 --> 00:40:08,860 We should be asking this one. So I think rapid stuff can do all of those things, but I think you just need to be be thoughtful about kind of how. 418 00:40:10,420 --> 00:40:12,190 Okay, then this is just. How long have we got? 419 00:40:12,940 --> 00:40:20,320 I'll just do like, a bit of a tour through three projects that I was involved in and what went well and what didn't. 420 00:40:21,340 --> 00:40:27,340 So this one was the one that did technically go well and that like we, you know, so this was like, 421 00:40:27,340 --> 00:40:32,380 you can see this was, um, interviewing health care workers at the very start of the pandemic. 422 00:40:32,390 --> 00:40:35,410 This was the one where I was like, Please, let me help you. I'll do anything. 423 00:40:35,750 --> 00:40:42,940 And we managed to get things through really quickly because, like I knew the person on the ethics board and like the hospital I was associated with. 424 00:40:42,940 --> 00:40:46,510 So that got through really quickly. And I also knew people who worked in the hospital. 425 00:40:46,520 --> 00:40:52,329 So we were able to recruit them really quickly. So we actually did the data collection very quickly and that would have that would have been in April. 426 00:40:52,330 --> 00:40:58,180 And then we did actually write this paper in like a month, you know, So it was received in May, but then it didn't get published until November, 427 00:40:58,270 --> 00:41:04,929 you know, so through all the review process, but it did technically go well, but I was like really knackered. 428 00:41:04,930 --> 00:41:11,470 This was like old times a day and night, and then multiple interviews with people who were having a really traumatic time. 429 00:41:13,240 --> 00:41:18,430 Like, you know, I wouldn't usually recommend doing many not more than one interview in a day, and I would stay in like several. 430 00:41:18,430 --> 00:41:23,860 So that was it came with some costs, but I was like this. I could see how it worked in that setting. 431 00:41:25,300 --> 00:41:31,000 Three sources that you teased at the end, the three sources, data from three. 432 00:41:31,020 --> 00:41:38,440 So it was social media policy documents and interviews with the three sources. 433 00:41:39,010 --> 00:41:41,380 Yes, sorry, that was like a little sneak preview there. 434 00:41:42,490 --> 00:41:49,299 And then I actually then spent, like absolutely much longer asking slightly more like critical questions in a different paper, 435 00:41:49,300 --> 00:41:55,030 which was really about like how how these like why people were so traumatised a 436 00:41:55,030 --> 00:41:59,110 bit and and kind of what that meant about kind of patient clinician relationships. 437 00:41:59,290 --> 00:42:03,190 So obviously this happened so much later, still in some ways timely for research, 438 00:42:03,370 --> 00:42:07,840 considering that was still kind of like less than a less than a year. 439 00:42:07,960 --> 00:42:11,500 But then for me I felt like everything else had gone so quickly and this was much slower. 440 00:42:11,500 --> 00:42:16,640 So again, it's like this sense of like how how quick are we talking is like rapid research. 441 00:42:17,770 --> 00:42:25,509 So this is another project I was involved in which was about kind of how lockdowns 442 00:42:25,510 --> 00:42:32,290 affected access to domestic violence services and like studying primary care. 443 00:42:32,620 --> 00:42:39,519 And so this one kind of started quickly. Everyone was really up for it and it was meant to be a year and it was a rapid research fund. 444 00:42:39,520 --> 00:42:45,459 But then the grant process, it was really slow decision process. And then naturally it was really difficult to recruit people because like 445 00:42:45,460 --> 00:42:48,550 primary care was everyone was knackered and delivering the vaccine programme. 446 00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:52,120 And also we had like we were using all of these rapid methods, 447 00:42:52,120 --> 00:42:57,790 but everyone was doing it like one day a week and we had all of these other projects and actually it was, 448 00:42:57,790 --> 00:43:04,630 it was really tricky, this idea of having a focus research question, It was really difficult to to decide exactly what we were looking at. 449 00:43:05,020 --> 00:43:11,940 On peer review took ages, but actually in some ways this is the work in that I'm involved in, in the kind of domestic violence sphere. 450 00:43:11,950 --> 00:43:15,040 It's very much co-produced. We work with all the uses of the knowledge. 451 00:43:15,370 --> 00:43:23,259 They were involved in the study, in the research that one of the authors is kind of she works for one of the big domestic violence charities. 452 00:43:23,260 --> 00:43:28,690 So even though we weren't able to report quickly, we were like sharing the findings of the research, 453 00:43:29,530 --> 00:43:34,540 even at the, you know, the points where it was going slowly and then this one. 454 00:43:35,650 --> 00:43:38,140 So this one was interesting because there's like, you know, 455 00:43:38,200 --> 00:43:42,610 lots of these lots of different countries were kind of which, you know, we're in a collaboration. 456 00:43:42,850 --> 00:43:45,969 We're all collecting these patient interviews about COVID. 457 00:43:45,970 --> 00:43:51,520 And we were like, We've already got the data. We'll just analyse it. We'll just compare these different experiences across countries. 458 00:43:51,940 --> 00:43:59,290 And it's taken like three years to do that work because it's been so complicated trying to like unpick the one paper, 459 00:43:59,440 --> 00:44:07,989 which is about kind of how race and racism and inequality was expressed like in relation to the pandemic. 460 00:44:07,990 --> 00:44:09,160 And this one is about stigma. 461 00:44:09,370 --> 00:44:16,960 And these are actually like thinking about these issues in different kind, like cross-cultural context, just talk like stages and stages of analysis. 462 00:44:17,230 --> 00:44:23,920 So you cannot do this kind of very rapid. But there so that was slow but learned a lot through this process. 463 00:44:25,570 --> 00:44:32,770 Okay so to finish off showed we speed of course, slow down because being slow is good too. 464 00:44:33,400 --> 00:44:40,120 So for instance, if you want to see how an issue is evolving and just be with it as it changes and 465 00:44:40,120 --> 00:44:42,579 this idea when you actually don't know what the question is like a lot of the time, 466 00:44:42,580 --> 00:44:47,170 I don't know what the question is that I'm trying to ask of something when I get started on a research project. 467 00:44:48,070 --> 00:44:50,440 And also if you're kind of going to take a critical position, 468 00:44:50,440 --> 00:44:57,280 you might want to take a bit longer so you can get to know and understand how you're going to it might be easier to easier to give advice, 469 00:44:57,280 --> 00:45:01,030 but it's harder to give criticism to the kind of stakeholders and decision makers. 470 00:45:01,990 --> 00:45:06,520 And also, if you're trying to do this work, you want to know how it works instead of if it works. 471 00:45:06,520 --> 00:45:11,170 Because, you know, like with the trial recruitment processes, you might be like, okay. Those work, people find it acceptable. 472 00:45:11,470 --> 00:45:18,310 But you want to know why they do or how like how that fits in with their conception of kind of treatment or something else. 473 00:45:18,310 --> 00:45:24,730 Then that's that's a different kind of question. And also, if you like, don't know what you're doing, like I often don't do, you know, 474 00:45:24,730 --> 00:45:29,510 new things like the things that I can do, you know, I've done 100 times, I can do them really easily. 475 00:45:29,710 --> 00:45:34,150 But if it's something that's new to me, then go and slower is a bit better, I think. 476 00:45:35,620 --> 00:45:37,540 And this idea about when it's like heavy, 477 00:45:37,540 --> 00:45:46,810 like those I should not have just been doing those traumatic interviews with all those beleaguered health care researchers so quickly. 478 00:45:47,260 --> 00:45:52,030 But, you know, there was that sense of urgency. But actually, I also needed time to be able to process that, too. 479 00:45:53,980 --> 00:45:57,190 And then the sense of like just because we could go quicker, like should we? 480 00:45:57,190 --> 00:46:03,040 So I love Tricia her. So she runs this thing called the not ministry anyway, 481 00:46:03,310 --> 00:46:10,600 but she's like a big political person around like rest and rest does kind of life is always trying to grind us down, 482 00:46:10,630 --> 00:46:15,940 you know, it's a bit kind of anti-capitalist, but ultimately, just because we could go quicker, it doesn't mean that we should. 483 00:46:16,390 --> 00:46:19,750 Like there are increasingly unrealistic expectations from funders and from 484 00:46:19,750 --> 00:46:24,060 universities that like because someone else did it quickly means that you should too. 485 00:46:24,480 --> 00:46:33,309 And we are only human. And it doesn't mean, you know, I think hopefully you would see from this that speedy doesn't necessarily mean it's sloppy. 486 00:46:33,310 --> 00:46:36,910 There's ways to be rigorous with it, but it also doesn't mean it's going to be impactful. 487 00:46:36,910 --> 00:46:40,420 You know, actually, you could do slow, impactful work. You can do quick, impactful work. 488 00:46:40,720 --> 00:46:45,100 That is like a separate issue. So it's not guaranteed you're going to have impact from doing it quicker. 489 00:46:47,290 --> 00:46:54,429 And this idea that, like hopefully the research that we do brings us some element of joy or like even if it's not like the happiest topic, 490 00:46:54,430 --> 00:46:58,389 it's like actually, you know, we're getting we're growing from it. We're like contributing something. 491 00:46:58,390 --> 00:47:02,290 And it also takes a lot from us and particularly qualitative work. You have to put yourself into it. 492 00:47:02,740 --> 00:47:07,270 And so that kind of balance of of kind of what time means for you. 493 00:47:08,290 --> 00:47:17,499 And I think I like to think the contribution I could make from doing research is like imagining how systems could work differently or how an 494 00:47:17,500 --> 00:47:22,780 issue could be approached differently or like people could be involved in something differently and you can't really do or maybe you can. 495 00:47:22,990 --> 00:47:29,710 I can't do that quickly. That takes me quite a lot of time and kind of thought and conversation and interaction. 496 00:47:29,720 --> 00:47:33,760 So I think that that is it depends again on the kind of questions that we're asking. 497 00:47:34,420 --> 00:47:43,330 Yeah. And this is the sense of like I think like this whole thing is motivated by the idea that qualitative research to be taken seriously, 498 00:47:43,990 --> 00:47:47,020 to be involved in these big decisions needs to be done quickly. 499 00:47:47,020 --> 00:47:50,980 Otherwise we haven't got anything to bring. It's like we need to get these findings in quickly. 500 00:47:51,400 --> 00:47:57,370 But I feel like it's that actually like how could we consider how could we be considered expert and credible on that? 501 00:47:57,370 --> 00:48:00,939 Like the knowledge about qualitative research and qualitative research processes 502 00:48:00,940 --> 00:48:04,659 would get us a seat at the table rather than having to deliver things quickly, 503 00:48:04,660 --> 00:48:11,770 because I just think it's not equivalent. The things you can do crunching numbers versus kind of like understanding experiences of the world. 504 00:48:13,210 --> 00:48:21,130 So to conclude, our rapid methods, right for the job, these are the things that hopefully might give you a bit of advice about how to approach it. 505 00:48:22,630 --> 00:48:28,480 This question of timeliness, what are you actually trying to achieve? When do you want to achieve that? 506 00:48:28,660 --> 00:48:34,629 Like, when does it matter? Like, what can you influenced by doing that scale? 507 00:48:34,630 --> 00:48:37,210 Like if you don't have that massive, it's hard to do that quickly. 508 00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:42,279 If you want to do something a bit smaller, then that's going to work and kind of iteration, 509 00:48:42,280 --> 00:48:48,130 can you do a few different small things and build up from them in these kind of rapid cycles of questions and analysis? 510 00:48:49,510 --> 00:48:52,750 And you don't have to do rapid, you could do participatory instead. 511 00:48:52,810 --> 00:48:57,580 That participatory gets to the same kind of influence, if that's what you're interested in. 512 00:48:58,900 --> 00:49:04,240 And then I think what's really important, like I said, is about like your position at the like how close are you to the communities, 513 00:49:04,660 --> 00:49:10,780 the people, the issues that you want to do the research with? Like if you don't have access to them, you're not going to be able to do it quickly. 514 00:49:11,230 --> 00:49:18,760 And who is excluded from that approach to and what experience do you and the other people you're working with have? 515 00:49:19,600 --> 00:49:23,110 Can they speed things up? You know, because it feels rubbish to do things badly. 516 00:49:23,110 --> 00:49:29,500 So so it's like all people are actually kind of equipped to do things quickly and then, 517 00:49:31,270 --> 00:49:34,780 oh, I think this is also important to like, are they actually right for you? 518 00:49:35,080 --> 00:49:42,890 Does anyone know who this horse is? This famous horse is to the left of the picture three times Grand National. 519 00:49:43,090 --> 00:49:51,280 A bedroom is a Liverpool legend, and yet the only horse to win the Grand National three times. 520 00:49:51,610 --> 00:49:54,790 Loved running quickly. Absolutely loved it, built for it. 521 00:49:55,210 --> 00:49:59,620 I feel like I'm more like your kind of tiny little pony with that short legs. 522 00:49:59,620 --> 00:50:08,770 I actually can't go that quickly. And I think as well as it's like our other method for the project is like, does it like what kind of person are you? 523 00:50:09,640 --> 00:50:12,640 I hate agency. It actually stresses me out. 524 00:50:13,180 --> 00:50:16,930 One of the reasons why I moved from those policy jobs. 525 00:50:17,110 --> 00:50:20,139 There's kind of like a charity job, as I described at the beginning with Kevin. 526 00:50:20,140 --> 00:50:23,200 That was a bit too quick for me. I wanted to be able to think about it. 527 00:50:23,210 --> 00:50:29,230 So actually rapid methods, while out there, sometimes important, are actually the person that I am. 528 00:50:30,250 --> 00:50:34,480 So I think you don't have to do rapid methods if they aren't like your thing. 529 00:50:34,720 --> 00:50:38,230 They're not like better than other methods. They're just suited to different types of questions. 530 00:50:40,180 --> 00:50:49,540 So it's okay to be the little fluffy pony. And if you want to find out more, I would really mostly recommend that you go to the people at Real. 531 00:50:49,900 --> 00:50:54,240 They do these really cheap rapid courses. It's like £65. 532 00:50:54,250 --> 00:50:58,060 I don't know if you've ever been on any of them, but they're they're really cheap. They're really good. 533 00:50:58,540 --> 00:51:00,940 It's with your main woman, Cecilia, 534 00:51:01,540 --> 00:51:06,550 and they also just have loads of resources and they've got all of like the papers that they've published and stuff. 535 00:51:06,820 --> 00:51:12,549 And also I've got some inside Intel and there's going to be reporting guidance which 536 00:51:12,550 --> 00:51:16,660 will help also because I almost just like puts out the stages of what you need to do. 537 00:51:17,470 --> 00:51:19,690 So there's going to be rough on methods in general from real. 538 00:51:19,690 --> 00:51:26,770 And then the W.H.O. are going to be putting out some specific guidance about how you respond, how you do rapid methods in epidemics. 539 00:51:27,280 --> 00:51:31,810 And then you can ask me, but I think I've given you everything that I know, 540 00:51:32,380 --> 00:51:37,960 though I could tell you more about the things where it's, you know, gone right and gone wrong other times and that's it. 541 00:51:38,350 --> 00:51:39,970 If you've got any questions and if.