1 00:00:04,080 --> 00:00:13,530 Everyone who will be doing a reading and so on, and this morning we're introducing analysis this morning, 2 00:00:13,530 --> 00:00:24,330 and our first speaker is just man who is after this doctoral research and thinking that since he received his doctorate from unit since then, 3 00:00:24,330 --> 00:00:31,320 her position is she still stands at Munich University Steps. 4 00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:39,500 His research primarily focuses on the applications of philological pretty much for critical analysis of lyrics to your writings and literature. 5 00:00:39,500 --> 00:00:52,890 That's my main street facing publications on spiritual practises and raised in their respective advertising on and choose improvement. 6 00:00:52,890 --> 00:00:55,920 So it's a great pleasure to welcome just to the podium, 7 00:00:55,920 --> 00:01:07,250 and he is going to be speaking to us on identical cousins insights on how we need to revisit stories in which he's doing it. 8 00:01:07,250 --> 00:01:22,530 Let me take you back. Good morning, everybody, and evening afternoon to our viewers out in cyberspace. 9 00:01:22,530 --> 00:01:26,250 Thank you, Naomi. That was a frequent introduction. 10 00:01:26,250 --> 00:01:35,480 So I actually added a few things based on what we talked about yesterday, and I think it works to this concept of identical cousins. 11 00:01:35,480 --> 00:01:44,690 Not just any harm to all manuscripts, a kind of identical cousins and Mahayana manuscripts are kind of identical cousins to non mohana manuscripts. 12 00:01:44,690 --> 00:01:48,860 So we'll talk about this a little bit. We just finished. 13 00:01:48,860 --> 00:01:54,800 Yes. So, all right, first, I'm going to talk about Gilgit Bommai and type manuscripts. 14 00:01:54,800 --> 00:01:57,410 These come from the greater Gandara. 15 00:01:57,410 --> 00:02:04,340 I think most people, when they think about them, which happens to be all the time, like, Oh, are you going to talk about frosty Rushdie? 16 00:02:04,340 --> 00:02:11,330 Is that, you know, we're not talking democracy, we're not talking about a second century, we're talking about a little bit later. 17 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:20,330 And these are Sanskrit manuscripts and greater Gandara sort of encompasses Pakistan, Afghanistan, General Kashmir. 18 00:02:20,330 --> 00:02:27,770 And this was a very important sort of cosmopolitan area where Buddhism was very prevalent until sort of 19 00:02:27,770 --> 00:02:36,980 the decline after around the 19th centuries when we get sort of substitution with the Islamic faith, 20 00:02:36,980 --> 00:02:43,250 which is, of course, what we see now in our world. And design is so there's a couple more insights. 21 00:02:43,250 --> 00:02:51,080 Gilbert, of course, as Enoch, which is where second, the third arrows and this the very first arrow is Bamiyan, 22 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:58,160 which is not listed on the map, but it exists just like the Buddhas is Bamiyan, which doesn't exist anymore. 23 00:02:58,160 --> 00:03:05,090 But I still on the map. There's sort of a couple of very important sites for Google Bramante manuscripts. 24 00:03:05,090 --> 00:03:16,400 The first is, of course, the Gilgit collection, which was found in now for in a sort of a kudo, has called it a stupa. 25 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:18,380 But I think this one sort of is made clear. 26 00:03:18,380 --> 00:03:28,220 It was probably not a stoop of some sort of habitation where people lived a small number of monks and some sort of tower library. 27 00:03:28,220 --> 00:03:36,770 And this was, I think, Errol Stine on this, I believe, and it was activated in 31 and then 38. 28 00:03:36,770 --> 00:03:41,660 But a long time ago, an exhibition says with it what they are today. 29 00:03:41,660 --> 00:03:48,400 So it's not quite clear how exactly their sound is because of the sense of time. 30 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:54,110 Right? So here's an example of a Gilbert manuscript. 31 00:03:54,110 --> 00:04:01,560 I think it's a very nice example because we see a lot of nice features. 32 00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:11,990 We see things like repair to the manuscript, which is a very, very common feature of the old type manuscripts. 33 00:04:11,990 --> 00:04:17,420 And you don't actually see this. I don't think you see this outside of rich part manuscripts from this area. 34 00:04:17,420 --> 00:04:25,470 You don't see them as far as I know ever, if anyone has, let me know this is the very last folio of the first of all, 35 00:04:25,470 --> 00:04:29,660 have read it from your manuscript and we see another nice feature of two hands. 36 00:04:29,660 --> 00:04:34,020 That's because we have a sort of definitive section at the end. 37 00:04:34,020 --> 00:04:41,330 Not not as nice scripted. Well, same script that is nice hand. 38 00:04:41,330 --> 00:04:52,310 And Vancouver, I've done this some time ago, some other examples of repair to manuscripts, you've got to see a lot of different kinds. 39 00:04:52,310 --> 00:04:58,190 You kind of see this kind where they match the letter sills or you see kinds, which I think is quite nice. 40 00:04:58,190 --> 00:05:06,470 You see times where it's you can tell that they had repaired the script before it was copied. 41 00:05:06,470 --> 00:05:16,220 And I think this is very important. It shows that sort of the this is a sort of piece of this sort of production of the folios themselves. 42 00:05:16,220 --> 00:05:20,510 It wasn't of a repair that was made after the manuscripts were copy. 43 00:05:20,510 --> 00:05:26,960 This is sort of the quality of the folio itself. Sometimes perhaps doesn't repair after the minister was copied. 44 00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:32,120 But I think more these were. If America deteriorated, it wasn't repaired so much. 45 00:05:32,120 --> 00:05:39,420 But the folios themselves by whoever made them were made for, you know, someone look nice and you can actually see manuscripts. 46 00:05:39,420 --> 00:05:50,390 I think some sort of economy going on here. You see manuscripts where there is a very well copy of very beautiful hands, a lot of care put into it, 47 00:05:50,390 --> 00:05:56,270 and you don't see a lot of repairs of those and you see manuscripts that have a lot of repairs and maybe less well copied. 48 00:05:56,270 --> 00:06:01,280 But then I don't want to be too too certain with this because you see manuscripts. 49 00:06:01,280 --> 00:06:11,900 They well with library one and there's two scripts, of course, in the Gielgud collection, you'll be buying it at one and you'll go buy into two. 50 00:06:11,900 --> 00:06:18,260 So here's an example of Kipling. If I'm into two, this is going on type one, which is round the browning. 51 00:06:18,260 --> 00:06:32,720 Take two Protoss Shahada, which becomes and is watching a video, and this is another example of a rare example of two hands. 52 00:06:32,720 --> 00:06:42,590 So usually it's not hard and fast, but generally you'll go buy into one was used for Mahayana works and go to buy men. 53 00:06:42,590 --> 00:06:47,180 Type two was generally used for non muhanna works, 54 00:06:47,180 --> 00:06:56,720 although this could be that it was sort of a time difference and we see the two often together and some works appear in one script or the other. 55 00:06:56,720 --> 00:07:04,480 But usually all my friends are at one all video works too. 56 00:07:04,480 --> 00:07:11,760 Two and. We're not quite sure why is actually at this point. 57 00:07:11,760 --> 00:07:21,970 Government at two, of course, became known as amotekun, and it spread all throughout Asia, the sort of the script of this northwest, 58 00:07:21,970 --> 00:07:29,620 not just a nice hard suture supposedly from six foot six or nine refugee all the way in Japan, 59 00:07:29,620 --> 00:07:35,200 where wherever the hard-to-reach group was composed, that's not that's not our problem today. 60 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:40,780 And at the same time, we actually see sort of as governments have to stop spreading east. 61 00:07:40,780 --> 00:07:46,920 We also see a lot of Canadian influences greater than our influences. 62 00:07:46,920 --> 00:07:52,390 So here we have an early and our princes pose. 63 00:07:52,390 --> 00:08:04,390 And then the 7th century, we see these nice Maitreya supposedly same pensive opposed coming at the same time as these manuscripts. 64 00:08:04,390 --> 00:08:15,730 These are both just like where Yuji is Prince Shattock, who founded temples supposedly so as Core Yuji, the very beautiful Maitreya. 65 00:08:15,730 --> 00:08:22,120 And in Korea, you can also see a suspiciously similar, very beautiful Maitreya. 66 00:08:22,120 --> 00:08:30,580 In Japan, they see this immigrant artisans from Korea and in Korea, they say they're kidnapped artisans to Japan. 67 00:08:30,580 --> 00:08:36,430 So depends on depends on what country you ask. 68 00:08:36,430 --> 00:08:48,730 Another site for the women's and men's groups is the possible site, which is theoretically maybe behind the cargo gouda and you'll get what's behind. 69 00:08:48,730 --> 00:08:56,770 This is the guy who drove what's behind the of Buddha. Nothing. So maybe in a cave, it's quite unclear. 70 00:08:56,770 --> 00:09:01,480 This is like most of these manuscripts, we don't know the exact provenance. 71 00:09:01,480 --> 00:09:10,210 The tour guide was identified by a cousin of a muscle in the nineties at the SAM Gallery right here in the UK. 72 00:09:10,210 --> 00:09:17,120 So no one knows exactly where it came from. This is a herald, Helpmann had sort of told this second hand. 73 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:23,380 Asked about Hanover, who was told everyone that maybe the computer, but it's unclear. 74 00:09:23,380 --> 00:09:31,120 But an interesting thing about the deer dogma is it seems quite likely that it was 75 00:09:31,120 --> 00:09:36,580 produced by the same store tourism that produced some of the gilded manuscripts. 76 00:09:36,580 --> 00:09:41,620 So here we have especially specifically that many of us do. 77 00:09:41,620 --> 00:09:52,340 So here we have this thing, a bit of a stew and we have your dogma and we can see this very sort of. 78 00:09:52,340 --> 00:09:59,360 Kind of. Emblematic similarities you can to find scribes have their own kind of peculiar ways of writing, 79 00:09:59,360 --> 00:10:06,860 and you see an example where they're using it in both manuscripts. 80 00:10:06,860 --> 00:10:13,940 Recently, the passage of us to radiocarbon dated along with the dogma and we see 671 to 81 00:10:13,940 --> 00:10:17,990 770 for the by said you must do and you're going to see seventy six to seven. 82 00:10:17,990 --> 00:10:21,810 Seventy six. See, that's only a four or five year difference in typing dates. 83 00:10:21,810 --> 00:10:31,970 So it looks rather bold and something we can do, and we're looking at these because identifying scribes. 84 00:10:31,970 --> 00:10:37,190 So here's a an irregular ligature and C.R. was irregular. 85 00:10:37,190 --> 00:10:41,720 So you can sort of look like this making. I'm trying to make a database of actuaries. 86 00:10:41,720 --> 00:10:47,330 Actually, this will be a long term kind of project. 87 00:10:47,330 --> 00:10:58,100 Maybe something go along with a grammar of Mahayana. We look at the actual extras themselves are you just cut out every single action finding to make 88 00:10:58,100 --> 00:11:03,500 a very large database and you can actually identify individuals by swinging across manuscripts? 89 00:11:03,500 --> 00:11:16,070 So here we have you got Mr Brady, who has a very sort of non-standard way of making stuff retroreflector stay. 90 00:11:16,070 --> 00:11:25,820 Usually, they should look at this as a very nice. This is a bit of a stew and scribed makes it so it looks like kind of like a local authority. 91 00:11:25,820 --> 00:11:32,150 And he throws this little zine coming off at the end where it should actually go 92 00:11:32,150 --> 00:11:39,700 straight through here and here in the some of us do we see kind of a very similar. 93 00:11:39,700 --> 00:11:44,170 Not quite right way of making this stuff. Is it the same? 94 00:11:44,170 --> 00:11:50,900 Is it scribed? Or is it someone who all learnt to write in the same way? 95 00:11:50,900 --> 00:11:58,460 Could be. So here's an identical cousin, if you will, the last, the last, second to last. 96 00:11:58,460 --> 00:12:08,180 An important site is, of course, the site where supposedly the spring collection was found in Zichron Caves near Bamiyan, 97 00:12:08,180 --> 00:12:18,170 where they supposedly found a large base of the locals say they found a very large cache menace several inches in depth and they burned them all, 98 00:12:18,170 --> 00:12:24,170 they say. And then a couple of years later, the civilian skills appear on the market from here. 99 00:12:24,170 --> 00:12:31,550 No one's sure. Well, maybe. I don't know. Also, you're maybe, maybe he knows nothing, so maybe he can tell us later. 100 00:12:31,550 --> 00:12:41,090 But this is where they think they came from, which was near Bamiyan, which we also actually found some ministries here after it was exploded. 101 00:12:41,090 --> 00:12:52,680 And there's been some great work putting them together in Japan about 15 years ago now, and I don't think anything has come since then. 102 00:12:52,680 --> 00:12:59,400 And the newest sites for these Gilbert manuscripts is the site at which maybe you've heard of it, 103 00:12:59,400 --> 00:13:06,150 say archaeological sites of a city that was uncovered in 2007, 104 00:13:06,150 --> 00:13:09,060 I believe 2008, 105 00:13:09,060 --> 00:13:20,040 when the Chinese government government made a deal to mine copper 40 mile three kilometres from Kabul in the large world's largest deposit of copper. 106 00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:27,960 And they uncovered this ancient city. Well, I don't know if this is an ancient city had a lot of Buddhist sites. 107 00:13:27,960 --> 00:13:35,200 And since then, the mining didn't really happen because of the vagaries of infrastructure. 108 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:39,810 Afghanistan and the this site itself, 109 00:13:39,810 --> 00:13:51,180 which has been excavated by UNESCO's first in 2012 and then later served by the Ark Theology Institute of Afghanistan in the last excavation, 110 00:13:51,180 --> 00:13:57,690 stopped in 2018, and excavation has not continued since then. 111 00:13:57,690 --> 00:14:03,300 It's it's a difficult time in Afghanistan. 112 00:14:03,300 --> 00:14:11,030 The Taliban has taken over the government again. A difficult time for sort of preservation of cultural heritage. 113 00:14:11,030 --> 00:14:16,350 Certain here we have a nice example of how things are in this grandstand at the moment. 114 00:14:16,350 --> 00:14:28,140 Just a couple of weeks ago or just last week, the sort of start destroying a nice century building when I say it's essentially a fortress. 115 00:14:28,140 --> 00:14:38,400 And then the Taliban government, after getting complaints, stops the demolition and you sort of you can kind of see this sort of disconnect. 116 00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:44,010 In February of this year, the Taliban released a statement saying that they will protect cultural heritage 117 00:14:44,010 --> 00:14:48,000 and not destroy anything and make sure everything stays in the country. 118 00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:55,500 But when they swiftly came back to power, there's been examples of looting in Kabul. 119 00:14:55,500 --> 00:15:01,050 Bamiyan itself has. The museum has been looted just a couple weeks ago. 120 00:15:01,050 --> 00:15:09,060 And it's very unfortunate. So it's not even I've heard reports everything's been taken and it's unclear who's done this. 121 00:15:09,060 --> 00:15:19,490 And so if the Taliban may want to protect things or they may not, this remains to be seen of the people at the top. 122 00:15:19,490 --> 00:15:24,350 Might not share the same views, per se as the people on the ground. 123 00:15:24,350 --> 00:15:29,330 So this is a it's a real problem at the moment. 124 00:15:29,330 --> 00:15:33,500 I'm not sure what's going to happen and this is, of course, you know, 125 00:15:33,500 --> 00:15:40,220 behind the very large social problems of people, which we've all seen in the news. 126 00:15:40,220 --> 00:15:44,900 I had a great project and find it to put on this PowerPoint of a Taliban officials 127 00:15:44,900 --> 00:15:50,540 surveying the design site just a couple of weeks ago on a nice tour with everyone smiling. 128 00:15:50,540 --> 00:15:59,840 And the Chinese government has making the grand overtures to us with ties with Afghanistan, 129 00:15:59,840 --> 00:16:04,070 and they've already suggested that they start the mining project again. 130 00:16:04,070 --> 00:16:08,120 So this it's really unclear what will happen with the US on it now. 131 00:16:08,120 --> 00:16:17,980 Hopefully. They can continue excavating the sites where we found some manuscripts in two thousand and 17, 132 00:16:17,980 --> 00:16:24,120 these are found, I suspect, around Rs eighteen since 2019 editing them. 133 00:16:24,120 --> 00:16:27,450 This is really an important site for these types of manuscripts because this is 134 00:16:27,450 --> 00:16:32,970 one of the very few sites where we have the exact provenance is known to Sheela, 135 00:16:32,970 --> 00:16:37,080 where there's been a couple of instances done. That's not example, but it's not. 136 00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:38,490 It doesn't come up on the market. 137 00:16:38,490 --> 00:16:44,490 We don't have stories of villages finding it and burning it, and we're not sure we know exactly where these came from. 138 00:16:44,490 --> 00:16:54,420 Uh, this right here is where they sent. These men were found mystifying battery in some Bactrian documents, which are being worked on right now. 139 00:16:54,420 --> 00:17:02,100 And it was sort of, you know, cosmopolitan. So I don't see it the city, because we have what might be Zoroastrian shrines. 140 00:17:02,100 --> 00:17:10,800 Some people think they aren't stupid. They are so Buddhists and non-Muslim together a temples. 141 00:17:10,800 --> 00:17:18,060 I don't know so far as to say the manuscripts were found not they weren't telling 142 00:17:18,060 --> 00:17:25,330 me or any of the temples that were found in what the archaeologists are calling a. 143 00:17:25,330 --> 00:17:28,960 Administer a storeroom, although I don't know if this is the case. 144 00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:37,450 They they call it this because simply because it wasn't found near any Buddhist iconography. 145 00:17:37,450 --> 00:17:40,090 But when we look at all the materials, it's all Buddhists. 146 00:17:40,090 --> 00:17:47,990 I wouldn't be surprised if the battery document ended up being Buddhist, but we don't know that for sure yet. 147 00:17:47,990 --> 00:17:52,900 All of this, these can be digitised and put back together. But we are. 148 00:17:52,900 --> 00:18:01,210 Here's a nice another nice institu example. This is probably from the from the Rega. 149 00:18:01,210 --> 00:18:08,710 And we have up a Wendy Rico encased nicely, encased in rock excavated. 150 00:18:08,710 --> 00:18:14,650 This is, I think, the 18th chapter verses at the end of the chapter and the beginning of the 19th. 151 00:18:14,650 --> 00:18:20,350 We're just like where David Bruce was mentioned yesterday. We have some dirty dates to uphold. 152 00:18:20,350 --> 00:18:23,830 Having upheld this and having caused it to be recited, 153 00:18:23,830 --> 00:18:29,550 good things will happen to these people and people who sort of get in the way of those bad things will happen. 154 00:18:29,550 --> 00:18:40,240 You know, the classic, probably the whole manuscript is there, but it's it's been excavated, but it hasn't been restored. 155 00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:47,290 So this is this is a big problem, although for now, I think it's actually a good things are sort of just sitting in large rock sort 156 00:18:47,290 --> 00:18:50,980 of sections because they don't know how to restore them and have the expertise. 157 00:18:50,980 --> 00:18:54,920 So they're sitting in the National Museum in Kabul, away from the site. 158 00:18:54,920 --> 00:19:02,320 That's a plus for. If they are, it's important that we can see you actually inside to see what else is there. 159 00:19:02,320 --> 00:19:06,630 So this is we have even to. We'll have plenty of heartbeats. 160 00:19:06,630 --> 00:19:15,660 But this is. Some stuff going to talk about this Mahayana or not, my man. 161 00:19:15,660 --> 00:19:23,280 Here we have a nice in situ US bundle, so these are all from the same bundle. 162 00:19:23,280 --> 00:19:28,980 They were copied in the same hand fragments one and two. So this is the same scribe. 163 00:19:28,980 --> 00:19:39,090 We can identify him from this tub. And here we have the mitri of the ekana, which is a sort of extra canonical work about, you know, on under. 164 00:19:39,090 --> 00:19:44,550 Asks Nazmul, what? What will it be like when it comes to a lot of verses? 165 00:19:44,550 --> 00:19:49,410 Say how great the word will be, and it'll look like a well manicured garden. 166 00:19:49,410 --> 00:19:53,640 And by today's standards, actually, which was paradise 2000 years ago. 167 00:19:53,640 --> 00:19:57,630 I think and this is actually very interesting. 168 00:19:57,630 --> 00:20:02,100 This isn't the type one, the other examples. 169 00:20:02,100 --> 00:20:06,630 There's also a string section in the bombing type one of this manuscript fragments. 170 00:20:06,630 --> 00:20:11,250 And then there's also the bombing attack two that my gender edited, 171 00:20:11,250 --> 00:20:20,400 and the work itself is not listed canonically in any of the items in the Tibetan or sorry, 172 00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:25,830 the Nepalese brother manuscripts very clearly says in the confines of my own suture, 173 00:20:25,830 --> 00:20:33,750 although it doesn't sort of display the classical Mahayana, you know, things self-referential ness and everything. 174 00:20:33,750 --> 00:20:40,110 But it was it's an ambiguous work. It's like, OK, that's fine. 175 00:20:40,110 --> 00:20:47,190 And then we have here a fragment to which. 176 00:20:47,190 --> 00:20:56,590 I couldn't. Identify until not too long ago identified it, and we have. 177 00:20:56,590 --> 00:21:09,310 It's about who who to Avedon 0.06. So we see here's a nice sort of one verse paralleled in the basically temple number nine into Fun Girl, 178 00:21:09,310 --> 00:21:17,710 which at several centuries later and it contains at least six but who Avedon verses, 179 00:21:17,710 --> 00:21:24,760 which outline outline the past verse of Gadzama, often where he met previous verse Buddhas themselves. 180 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:32,920 And this is lost in Sanskrit. But we see some of these verses in Tibetan in the passage you must do. 181 00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:41,320 And we also see in Tibetan Schmutz, a diva sort of quoting some of them in his abdomen, coach for Pica. 182 00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:49,920 And he just call it the juju. So. Which is not necessarily by suggesting. 183 00:21:49,920 --> 00:21:57,210 So there's the crude combustion, possibly miscellaneous veneer or the extruder to got through to the agama, 184 00:21:57,210 --> 00:22:10,260 which is really what I think this is actually. So this is a bundle and we see this is and we see here in fragment for a floral embellishments. 185 00:22:10,260 --> 00:22:20,280 And this is actually the earliest floral embellishment we see in Redragon and you'll bombing type manuscripts. 186 00:22:20,280 --> 00:22:26,640 And these are usually used for qualifiers. So this is perhaps the end of a work, and this is the very beginning of my trip. 187 00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:34,410 You can't see and see and I hope to have a done versus whatever that was and the beginning of my tour, 188 00:22:34,410 --> 00:22:41,190 which is itself an ambiguous work in terms of school classification. 189 00:22:41,190 --> 00:22:44,900 So. Should the truth of the could have ended? 190 00:22:44,900 --> 00:22:50,300 Of course, this is where we threw in all the miscellaneous stuff and the crew a the dogma 191 00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:57,230 was not even it was not accepted as an argument by the rules of evidence. But it was so and it was lost to us. 192 00:22:57,230 --> 00:23:00,950 But it seems like this is where they put works there. 193 00:23:00,950 --> 00:23:06,350 We're not going to call this not as a bunch of say and maybe see some. 194 00:23:06,350 --> 00:23:08,360 And it's very telling. We're finding stories. 195 00:23:08,360 --> 00:23:18,530 Avedon is about the Buddha's previous interactions with previous Buddhist, along with a view about Maitreya himself. 196 00:23:18,530 --> 00:23:29,670 These are all sort of proton Mahayana types of elements in a more subversive, extra canonical to which we can't even comment on democracy. 197 00:23:29,670 --> 00:23:37,610 I've been able identify these because they're so. Broken, but I think probably there. 198 00:23:37,610 --> 00:23:47,920 I think this is in the middle or end. This guy and this is the B and we might find the beginning of career beginning as well. 199 00:23:47,920 --> 00:23:56,290 So here's a partial reconstruction from the gravidanza versus and this is Fumi House tribute and 200 00:23:56,290 --> 00:24:00,730 translation of Tibetans from her very excellent message of us to translation for an eighty four thousand. 201 00:24:00,730 --> 00:24:08,590 We just came out a couple of months ago. I recommend it to anyone who wants to give it a good read for a couple of months. 202 00:24:08,590 --> 00:24:12,130 Um, and we see kind of some interesting things. 203 00:24:12,130 --> 00:24:22,240 We see, for example, when the Buddha in a past life, he he mastered the art of a Pargeter and he calls some monks. 204 00:24:22,240 --> 00:24:26,590 He's arguing with a woman, and he because of this, he becomes a woman. 205 00:24:26,590 --> 00:24:33,670 So we're seeing these kind of elements just similar to Stephanie Baskervilles talk yesterday. 206 00:24:33,670 --> 00:24:42,100 But, you know, he, fortunately, was able to turn himself back in men, which is the opposite of what Stephanie talked about yesterday, of course. 207 00:24:42,100 --> 00:24:49,060 So we're kind of seeing these elements here, even way back here. 208 00:24:49,060 --> 00:24:56,710 And briefly about the floral embellishments here. We see this is actually the end of the tree of the coroner from the gilded manuscripts 209 00:24:56,710 --> 00:25:02,320 we see at stupid moments at one and we see this sort of very common line marks. 210 00:25:02,320 --> 00:25:09,070 And here's the earliest floral embellishments, and here's a little bit later, which is the same kind of embellishment. 211 00:25:09,070 --> 00:25:15,190 We have this kind of nice cross one. And here we just but not too much. 212 00:25:15,190 --> 00:25:15,430 Later, 213 00:25:15,430 --> 00:25:26,050 we see very grand embellishments at the end of the year doguwa and then many of us to honour another very telling feature how these are related. 214 00:25:26,050 --> 00:25:32,110 Another example of identical cousins. These are compasses. 215 00:25:32,110 --> 00:25:43,840 And when we see these, this type of beautiful, ornate embellishments continue into later manuscripts, rows and behind us, which are new century. 216 00:25:43,840 --> 00:25:51,100 And we also see it earlier. We see nice embellishments of actual illuminated illuminated embellishments. 217 00:25:51,100 --> 00:25:58,690 But we don't see these at all in the old manuscripts. This is this was a Central Asian feature that didn't quite make it that far west at the time, 218 00:25:58,690 --> 00:26:06,760 and we see kinds of petroglyphs in in the yoga area that may have been related, but maybe not. 219 00:26:06,760 --> 00:26:13,390 Jason Neill's thinks nobody knows and quite interesting, and we actually even down in bloom one up and do more. 220 00:26:13,390 --> 00:26:21,850 I suppose we see almost the exact kind of embellishment from the one in any of us do. 221 00:26:21,850 --> 00:26:29,920 So we see this sort of spreading around and it's important that we're talking about do, which I went to look for another manuscript. 222 00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:37,070 And earlier, we also see these sort of non allure not illuminated non-secure floral moments, 223 00:26:37,070 --> 00:26:44,670 just the disappointment that sutra manuscripts in Nepal, which is quite a little bit older than the. 224 00:26:44,670 --> 00:26:52,920 The designer manuscripts. OK, so now let's talk about. 225 00:26:52,920 --> 00:27:03,670 The. How we doing on time with 10 minutes or so. 226 00:27:03,670 --> 00:27:17,480 All right. So much. 227 00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:28,460 So this is your final manuscript that was found and mRNA fragments six, six, six and six B, 228 00:27:28,460 --> 00:27:35,030 which consist of either two or three fragments, and that's a grip on the top of these fragments were not photographed in situ. 229 00:27:35,030 --> 00:27:43,100 One of the few ones that have been photographed in situ at an assignment. So we don't actually know the measurements, but it's quite small. 230 00:27:43,100 --> 00:27:50,450 Uh, it's the only fragments that's been photographed so far from the director in the press or visible. 231 00:27:50,450 --> 00:27:54,940 That's the benefit of it not being in situ. 232 00:27:54,940 --> 00:28:02,310 It's relatively small for both the left side and the right side portions of lines five to seven of the rectum. 233 00:28:02,310 --> 00:28:05,080 The right hand and left hand side are margins are missing, 234 00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:15,000 it runs seven lines in each side and it indicates assures the subfamily as opposed to the longer my just family works, 235 00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:24,540 which are seen on larger folios, which run variously 11 to 15 lines portfolio to accommodate, of course, the longer length of those works. 236 00:28:24,540 --> 00:28:33,160 A portion of the folio is for that over on to the Verso, which unfortunately obscures several extras. 237 00:28:33,160 --> 00:28:40,660 Which otherwise would. There's between 12 and 14 extras visible per line. 238 00:28:40,660 --> 00:28:57,060 But with folded over only of 68 extras. And it's leading atop the other fragments here, laying atop other fragments from the of Parmitano. 239 00:28:57,060 --> 00:29:02,370 Again, I think it's quite likely that the entirety of the manuscript is here, 240 00:29:02,370 --> 00:29:10,200 but if it's not in the large blocks that have already been excavated, there's a great risk to its existence. 241 00:29:10,200 --> 00:29:13,880 And this is. Very unfortunate, 242 00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:23,000 because these fragments are the first massive testimony of Russia's subscript ever to have been found Widow Gandara in a Google bombing typescript. 243 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:33,300 Therefore, the discovery of this manuscript fragment represents an important data point for the study of the astronauts and the product itself. 244 00:29:33,300 --> 00:29:37,440 So the Duchess of Cambridge is thought to have been supplanted by the development 245 00:29:37,440 --> 00:29:41,580 of the Mahatma Gandhi of farm works in Central Asia and to the poultry. 246 00:29:41,580 --> 00:29:52,090 And this was also the case, apparently Ingrid. We have few minstrel witnesses preserved from the prime minister finds. 247 00:29:52,090 --> 00:29:56,770 And there are only three other extant early manuscript testimonies of that script, 248 00:29:56,770 --> 00:30:04,320 from the top fragments from the first century and dari language, but also a spark. 249 00:30:04,320 --> 00:30:14,940 Which Kashima? Uh, and there's a cushion fragments, which Law Centre added in the spring collection. 250 00:30:14,940 --> 00:30:27,820 And then there's also one folio, one fragment, the folio from the 18th century in south, the extent of the Brahmi and the Jinjiang, which has. 251 00:30:27,820 --> 00:30:37,270 Segment six represents the fourth discovery of not just Oscar winners predating the Earl, the leader Nepalese mascot additions as they're dated. 252 00:30:37,270 --> 00:30:45,490 So essentially the an era. They are the third oldest witnesses at the sites and this is this from the 20th chapter. 253 00:30:45,490 --> 00:30:52,830 The Australian Numsa and it spans the fourth of the fifth chapter of the army. 254 00:30:52,830 --> 00:31:01,400 Some of them, Kyra, are obvious and Botha and the fifth chapter of the Mughrabi Somalia. 255 00:31:01,400 --> 00:31:06,590 It doesn't correspond to any of the three early Sanskrit witnesses, 256 00:31:06,590 --> 00:31:23,450 although Law Sanders Edition is only a few folios before it does correspond to the Maha Kania power metre manuscripts. 257 00:31:23,450 --> 00:31:31,160 So this is actually a very interesting work because when you read it against the additions made from the Nepalese manuscript submission, 258 00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:38,900 it doesn't have a one to one match at all. In fact, it looks very abbreviated in some places, and it expands saying other things, other places. 259 00:31:38,900 --> 00:31:42,730 It's the same general story, of course. Uh, what the said. 260 00:31:42,730 --> 00:31:49,040 But how does a words of a notice on Vertica? And you can you can know by dreaming certain things, dreaming that you're a Buddha, 261 00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:56,720 preaching to people and you have a halo catamaran and you're floating above the sun or just even in a dream, 262 00:31:56,720 --> 00:32:02,220 realising that all existence is like a dream. And this is so this is a very nice Mahayana. 263 00:32:02,220 --> 00:32:06,920 You know, how do we know that we are set the demons? No worries. 264 00:32:06,920 --> 00:32:11,420 As long as you even if empty, you know you're not my master. 265 00:32:11,420 --> 00:32:19,490 So in many ways, in many ways, we actually find a closer similarity to the monotony of our meta manuscripts that were found in Gilgit. 266 00:32:19,490 --> 00:32:24,410 Now here's mine Maharani coming to two very frustrating week. 267 00:32:24,410 --> 00:32:34,300 The parts that actually match would have matched perfectly with the ActionScript here, a kind of right here, so we're kind of missing it. 268 00:32:34,300 --> 00:32:41,390 And what happened to one of those situations even worse? There's also another folio of the my friend. 269 00:32:41,390 --> 00:32:46,580 A bit of it. The match is somewhat which is in the Karachi collection on the Karachi Museum. 270 00:32:46,580 --> 00:32:54,860 Supposedly, no one has seen the manuscripts that are in Pakistan for some years, and it's unclear if they're still in the museum. 271 00:32:54,860 --> 00:32:59,390 You can go and you can ask to see them. And no one will tell you where they are. 272 00:32:59,390 --> 00:33:10,020 Maybe they're in a storeroom. Maybe they're not. You may want to turn the recording off so we can talk about what we think of that. 273 00:33:10,020 --> 00:33:21,210 OK, great. So to June long, there is one more modern independent manuscript in June, which is from greater than it's on some pollock, which is weird. 274 00:33:21,210 --> 00:33:27,510 So we're seeing these very weird things. There's only and it's actually a very nice. 275 00:33:27,510 --> 00:33:36,390 We can talk about this later. It's coffee with a lot of care and with some nice annotations corrections made by multiple hands, it looks like. 276 00:33:36,390 --> 00:33:41,940 But there's only a couple of other examples of palm leaf manuscripts. 277 00:33:41,940 --> 00:33:50,670 We have the this is probably Sharon Gomez, somebody Sugiura. We have these body surface coming from other local doctor's entering the room. 278 00:33:50,670 --> 00:33:56,820 We're going to Ishita and entering the room and staying in the room and coming out of the room and taking seven steps. 279 00:33:56,820 --> 00:34:06,090 And it goes on and on very similarly. Similarly to Stephanie Battles paper what she was talking about yesterday. 280 00:34:06,090 --> 00:34:12,210 And this was next to a cinema from the Rega Gilbert bombing attack, one folios, 281 00:34:12,210 --> 00:34:18,210 which you oddly said he thought was also from the Lotus, which was not. 282 00:34:18,210 --> 00:34:22,410 It's probably from showing someone edited this, and it seems to be the case. 283 00:34:22,410 --> 00:34:29,010 And the dealer wife, whose son had edited this unknown fragment over a hundred years ago, and it really was. 284 00:34:29,010 --> 00:34:35,070 He did a great job. I re-edit it. You made a couple. I mean, this is the first example of some ever editing manuscript. 285 00:34:35,070 --> 00:34:39,420 And this is with the writing a primer. And this is a very weird work. 286 00:34:39,420 --> 00:34:43,320 In an instant. You're talking about protective munchers killing. 287 00:34:43,320 --> 00:34:50,460 But does which of these ghost monsters in Cuba are coming down and shooting the things? 288 00:34:50,460 --> 00:34:56,730 And I don't I don't really know what's going on here, but I didn't finish it sometime. 289 00:34:56,730 --> 00:35:00,540 I'm over time now, so we quickly go through. 290 00:35:00,540 --> 00:35:07,620 So there is now a yet another kind of menace which has just been discovered in. 291 00:35:07,620 --> 00:35:11,850 This is only coming to my attention last year, and I'm working on this now. 292 00:35:11,850 --> 00:35:19,410 This is a collection in a temple in Thailand. It's quite probably the largest unstudied collection of manuscripts. 293 00:35:19,410 --> 00:35:25,440 I've identified a couple sutures, most notably modern, and some got a suture as well, which has given in over. 294 00:35:25,440 --> 00:35:33,060 Just put out this very big. Your work on which you can look at Soka University Press. 295 00:35:33,060 --> 00:35:40,620 They're sitting in plastic bins. I've been editing what's there, multiple hands. 296 00:35:40,620 --> 00:35:46,010 It was a very nice to a one recto from the opening parameter, 297 00:35:46,010 --> 00:36:00,950 and we see a lot of matching with the Gilbert, of course, the diva part of our team, which quite nicely. 298 00:36:00,950 --> 00:36:07,050 Oh, no. I can't. Oh, I don't know what happened to my. 299 00:36:07,050 --> 00:36:13,870 I will go west, yeah. Anyway, I can't move my computer controller anymore. 300 00:36:13,870 --> 00:36:19,900 But let's let's talk about that. So that was that was that was a sign from above. 301 00:36:19,900 --> 00:36:24,430 I mean, it's a shame. I kind of added some stuff to sort of talk about what we talked about. 302 00:36:24,430 --> 00:36:28,446 So I went over time. But questions.