1 00:00:07,940 --> 00:00:15,470 OK, everybody. Let's hit the bar. He's a junior researcher at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts in St. Petersburg, 2 00:00:15,470 --> 00:00:20,360 where she works both with the Mongolian and Tibetan collections of the institute. 3 00:00:20,360 --> 00:00:24,620 As a manuscript apologist, she works at several cataloguing projects, 4 00:00:24,620 --> 00:00:33,230 including the compilation of the catalogue of Tibetan texts from Krakatau preserved at the Institute of Tea or any manuscripts. 5 00:00:33,230 --> 00:00:41,910 Russian Academy of Sciences. The tangled in Chinese text from Caraco to have already been studied extensively by Russian and 6 00:00:41,910 --> 00:00:49,440 foreign scholars and several catalogues and facsimile editions of many of them were published. 7 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:54,240 The Tibetan part of this, also known as causeless collection, by contrast, 8 00:00:54,240 --> 00:01:05,100 remains largely unknown to Western academia and one of the most famous Tibetan texts kept at the iWeb, namely sixty sixty seven. 9 00:01:05,100 --> 00:01:11,230 It belongs to us. And so that's going to introduce us to this text and talk. 10 00:01:11,230 --> 00:01:18,180 It is also based on a forthcoming article containing the translation of the Emperor's PostScript to the book. 11 00:01:18,180 --> 00:01:23,090 And without further ado, Hala, just quencher. Let's go. 12 00:01:23,090 --> 00:01:37,540 Good evening, everybody. The Chinese philosopher manses said that man must be decided on what they will not do. 13 00:01:37,540 --> 00:01:44,860 And then they are able to who is weaker and what they ought to do following this wise words. 14 00:01:44,860 --> 00:01:51,850 I will start my story about the first Tibetan blueprint defining what this book is not. 15 00:01:51,850 --> 00:01:59,900 Firstly, in historical context, it is not the very first specimen of printing in the Tibetan script. 16 00:01:59,900 --> 00:02:10,570 Prince instance was the Tibetan script used for transcribing the I texts were circulating in Central Asia since the earliest times. 17 00:02:10,570 --> 00:02:19,000 One of the most remarkable examples being this protective circle from doing one. 18 00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:30,850 It is rather natural because creation of a printed book in the full sense of the word requires a number of preliminary attempts and years of printing. 19 00:02:30,850 --> 00:02:41,200 Practise and Chaplin's technique replicate in small texts that had, in the first instance, practical importance. 20 00:02:41,200 --> 00:02:51,190 This is also true for the legendary Gutenberg Bible, whose appearance was preceded by pamphlets, school books and indulgences. 21 00:02:51,190 --> 00:03:03,830 But due to its aesthetic qualities and complexity, it is a Gutenberg Bible that bears the honourable title of the first book printed in Europe. 22 00:03:03,830 --> 00:03:11,280 Returning to the question what this book is not. Also, it is not something that lies. 23 00:03:11,280 --> 00:03:23,840 It's the origins of the block printing in Tibet itself, because on a wide scale, it develops much later, only in the 15th century. 24 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:31,920 So what is it then? In fact, this book is a peculiar phenomenon pertinent to the tangled culture. 25 00:03:31,920 --> 00:03:36,380 What states was wiped off the face of the Earth long ago. 26 00:03:36,380 --> 00:03:45,110 But since its emergence in the beginning of 11th century until its fall under the onslaught of the Mongols in the 13th century, 27 00:03:45,110 --> 00:03:52,930 it was a powerful domain competing with its neighbours, the sun and the Lao empires. 28 00:03:52,930 --> 00:03:59,490 Washington would put describes the position of his people in the surrounding world as follows. 29 00:03:59,490 --> 00:04:10,560 Tangles go forward bravely and boldly. Key towns are famous for their slow moves Tibetans. 30 00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:14,820 They worship Buddhist monks, mostly Chinese each. 31 00:04:14,820 --> 00:04:20,580 And all left secular books then which empire itself was purely ethnic. 32 00:04:20,580 --> 00:04:26,730 And the considerable portion of the empire's population consisted of Tibetans who spoke their own language. 33 00:04:26,730 --> 00:04:33,990 But as long as Tibetan was the language of karma, it also held a special position in the tangoed states. 34 00:04:33,990 --> 00:04:39,000 This position was secured by the tangoed low court. 35 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:48,780 For example, 10 good Chinese and Tibetan citizens were equal in the sense that all of them could be preceptors of Buddhist communities. 36 00:04:48,780 --> 00:04:54,300 But only upon meeting certain conditions. 37 00:04:54,300 --> 00:05:03,520 Let's read the article number seven hundred seventy nine from the revised Flo's. 38 00:05:03,520 --> 00:05:09,690 Oh, yes. Because it is crucial. 39 00:05:09,690 --> 00:05:13,590 If a man's a tangled Chinese and Tibetan young man, 40 00:05:13,590 --> 00:05:20,640 Zera sounds that are well versed in stress and got us then those amongst them who already had accepted zero, 41 00:05:20,640 --> 00:05:26,460 so behaviour can be assigned to the positions of preceptors as the principal imperial 42 00:05:26,460 --> 00:05:33,330 civil secretariat holds eleven suitors and God has that must be memorised by heart, 43 00:05:33,330 --> 00:05:39,870 by the candidates are listed below and must be read according to the established rules. 44 00:05:39,870 --> 00:05:46,350 Candidates should define the rules of behaviour and is the one who is well versed in sutras. 45 00:05:46,350 --> 00:05:50,940 And God has agrees with his assignment to the position. 46 00:05:50,940 --> 00:06:01,510 It should be reported to the superior acerbity and he must become a monk, the one who left his family. 47 00:06:01,510 --> 00:06:09,940 Now, let's take a look at the list of the Tibetan texts to memorise in case if you decide to become a preceptor of 48 00:06:09,940 --> 00:06:18,970 Buddhist community in C set number one prajna parameter scripture for humane kings who wish to protect their states. 49 00:06:18,970 --> 00:06:26,380 Number two, chanting the names of my judiciary. Number three, the ten great ones. 50 00:06:26,380 --> 00:06:35,080 Oh, but he said. Samantha Codrea. Number four, the confession of downfalls to the certified Buddhist. 51 00:06:35,080 --> 00:06:39,880 Number five is the heart of the perfection of wisdom. 52 00:06:39,880 --> 00:06:47,100 Number six, God has dedicated to the prosperity and protection of the states. 53 00:06:47,100 --> 00:06:56,100 Number seven, the twenty fifth straight to, oh, the gateway to every direction about the bookies out of L.A., 54 00:06:56,100 --> 00:07:04,200 Kadesh for friends, a lot of suitor number eight, Reginette parameter Stotra or him to the perfection of wisdom. 55 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:09,480 Number nine, had any of the Victoria's ocean shipping giant. 56 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:13,640 Number 10, Rashmi Bimala, we should hooked up, huh? 57 00:07:13,640 --> 00:07:22,010 Or is a pure stimulus, let the hiring. And finally, number 11, the Diamond Sutra. 58 00:07:22,010 --> 00:07:28,100 The majority of these titles can be found at the Tibetan collections of the tangoed origin. 59 00:07:28,100 --> 00:07:36,030 But I shall not developments as my story is dedicated to the printed edition, one and only. 60 00:07:36,030 --> 00:07:44,300 As we understand from Zillo quotes, the Tibetan language was obligatory for a certain level of religious life. 61 00:07:44,300 --> 00:07:52,850 In other words, not only Tibetans in the snam knew and spoke Tibetan. 62 00:07:52,850 --> 00:08:00,440 From historical sources, we also know that even the Emperors, for example, the great founder of the Imperial Dynasty, 63 00:08:00,440 --> 00:08:07,070 you and how new Tibetan but also Tanguis Emperors was a key figure for us, 64 00:08:07,070 --> 00:08:16,100 is the Emperor Jainism perhaps the most devoted to Buddhism and the most long leading and long gruelling? 65 00:08:16,100 --> 00:08:26,840 In one of the cooler phones, he is praised in the following manner when the humane and revered emperor came to the precious throne. 66 00:08:26,840 --> 00:08:31,840 He gave Buddhism and you start causing a renaissance. 67 00:08:31,840 --> 00:08:40,210 The three jewels, Burzan Olsen in their manifestation. 68 00:08:40,210 --> 00:08:45,550 Above mentioned, locals were published during the times of his reign. 69 00:08:45,550 --> 00:08:51,620 The period of heavenly prosperity and to him we are blessed, amongst other things, 70 00:08:51,620 --> 00:09:00,550 for the extra printing of the only extent stango Tibetan book that survived until nowadays. 71 00:09:00,550 --> 00:09:05,250 colourfulness of tangled texts staves at various Buddhist texts were published 72 00:09:05,250 --> 00:09:11,410 in 10 good Chinese and Tibetan in cells sense of coppice for distribution. 73 00:09:11,410 --> 00:09:17,120 Amanda participants of the National Hatami Assemblies. 74 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:25,440 But one may wonder. Whereas the sounds of printed Tibetan books now. 75 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:36,300 It is an established fact that we have at our disposal at least one example of actually teaching in three languages. 76 00:09:36,300 --> 00:09:47,250 But it took almost a century since the tangoed heritage was revealed to the world to understand. 77 00:09:47,250 --> 00:09:52,800 Then good studies were given a powerful impetus by the discovery of the collection 78 00:09:52,800 --> 00:09:58,960 of 10 good Chinese and Tibetan texts in the beginning of the 20th century. 79 00:09:58,960 --> 00:10:08,470 The site of the hotel is located on the territory of the present day in the Mongolia autonomous region of China. 80 00:10:08,470 --> 00:10:18,330 Once had a hotel was known as a city code ads in there and was one of the remotest places of the tangoed empire. 81 00:10:18,330 --> 00:10:25,590 It's 10 good name and survived in the book. Marco Polo. 82 00:10:25,590 --> 00:10:31,120 And in the designation of the river at Zingo. 83 00:10:31,120 --> 00:10:34,330 America Sinologist John de Frances, 84 00:10:34,330 --> 00:10:45,040 after visiting the Satchel's the following Marco Polo news as adding a name which is also reflected in the name Jingle or the Edson River, 85 00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:51,440 which the Mongols give towards a Chinese coal hair or Black River. 86 00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:58,910 The cities had a hotel in Mongolian. Hey, Chin in Chinese or Black River? 87 00:10:58,910 --> 00:11:10,180 In both languages. Black rewa, black S.T., black golby, the colour was pervasive to the view as well as to the mind. 88 00:11:10,180 --> 00:11:20,220 But despite its stated blackness, Horoho, to quote, sheds light on the forgotten culture of the lost empire. 89 00:11:20,220 --> 00:11:30,370 Discovery of the dead city is credited to a borut explorer, self-taught but mash up of. 90 00:11:30,370 --> 00:11:36,700 Who provided famous Russian travel, the Koslov with this information? 91 00:11:36,700 --> 00:11:41,140 The letter made the first excavations of the site and found the treasury of 92 00:11:41,140 --> 00:11:48,410 ancient texts and Buddhist artefacts immured in the so-called famous suburban. 93 00:11:48,410 --> 00:11:53,870 The bulk of them were brought to St. Petersburg and kept now at the Institute of Oriental 94 00:11:53,870 --> 00:12:01,700 Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences and at the State Hermitage Museum. 95 00:12:01,700 --> 00:12:07,820 Ten goods and jennies texts from the hotel have been static successfully by Russian and 96 00:12:07,820 --> 00:12:15,950 foreign scholars and several Keta looks and facsimile editions of many of them republished. 97 00:12:15,950 --> 00:12:26,250 That's a version of love collection, by contrast, remains largely unknown fosi academia. 98 00:12:26,250 --> 00:12:35,340 Three years ago, the team, the team of Tibbits ologists from the Institute of Parental Manuscripts headed by Dr. Alexander Sorin, 99 00:12:35,340 --> 00:12:39,930 started the cataloguing project that will hopefully fill this gap. 100 00:12:39,930 --> 00:12:46,350 Meanwhile, the printed booklet has been enjoying worldwide fame already for many years. 101 00:12:46,350 --> 00:12:58,440 For the first time it will. It was presented in public at the exhibition Lost Empire of the Silk Road that was held in 1993 in Switzerland. 102 00:12:58,440 --> 00:13:03,450 Three years later, the exhibition catalogue was published in Chinese. 103 00:13:03,450 --> 00:13:11,290 Therefore, introducing the item to scholars from China and Japan. 104 00:13:11,290 --> 00:13:19,150 Veterans first, the case of the new century. They made a significant contribution to the study of this blueprint. 105 00:13:19,150 --> 00:13:27,930 However, it was yet to be found out that the Tibetan blueprint has the exact Chinese and tangoed counterparts. 106 00:13:27,930 --> 00:13:34,800 I deliberately skipped mentioning names of many scholars because I don't want to overload my stories, 107 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:43,680 too many details, but of course, I cannot avoid mentioning the contribution made by Professor Shane regime. 108 00:13:43,680 --> 00:13:49,380 He was the first to notice the similarities between Tibetan and Chinese versions. 109 00:13:49,380 --> 00:13:54,940 I'll quote his article published 10 years ago. Indeed. 110 00:13:54,940 --> 00:14:08,010 Crater six to seven is the Tibetan Plateau region of the Chinese texts that carry one hundred sixty four and Turkey 165. 111 00:14:08,010 --> 00:14:13,860 Namely, about kiddish for the current Suiter and Kushnir should be jailed Hurring suture. 112 00:14:13,860 --> 00:14:24,720 This identification does not only clarify the origin of the Chinese texts, but also provides the exact date when the hit, the 67 was printed. 113 00:14:24,720 --> 00:14:34,650 In case she in both claims that hit the 67 was the earliest print of wooden movable type in the world history, 114 00:14:34,650 --> 00:14:43,220 then it is quite certain that this technology appeared in the reign of Jean Zone of the Tangoed Kingdom. 115 00:14:43,220 --> 00:14:50,690 Well, it was really a breakthrough. But there are some remarks that they should make. 116 00:14:50,690 --> 00:14:57,380 First, the Tibetan book is not the original for the Chinese texts. 117 00:14:57,380 --> 00:15:04,340 More probably vice versa, but I prefer the more cautious term counterpart. 118 00:15:04,340 --> 00:15:11,780 Secondly, there is no exact date in Chinese texts, but it is not a book printed by means of movable type. 119 00:15:11,780 --> 00:15:17,420 It is a blueprint. The missing link here, as you may be already guessed, 120 00:15:17,420 --> 00:15:27,110 is a language version of the edition that does contains the exact date and the date looks and sounds as follows. 121 00:15:27,110 --> 00:15:31,700 First year of heavenly prosperity. A snake. 122 00:15:31,700 --> 00:15:51,300 That means the year eleven 49. Ironically, the links between the Chinese and tangoed versions were going to be you and described by this search. 123 00:15:51,300 --> 00:15:56,380 So we see them in the introduction to the catch, a look of tangled Buddhist texts. 124 00:15:56,380 --> 00:16:04,620 Some years ago. Professor, when you see the rightful assumed that the tango date is applicable to the Chinese tradition, 125 00:16:04,620 --> 00:16:11,080 whereas the correspondent part of the strict is lost. But the Tibetan version remains beyond the scope of his work. 126 00:16:11,080 --> 00:16:18,400 So all the traditions were still to be reconsidered as a whole in the future. 127 00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:27,640 But it is not that simple, as we will see from the analysis of the postscript or afterwards of the addition. 128 00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:36,370 Let's cheque the fragments. Whereas the information about the complication is given at first in the tangled and Chinese versions. 129 00:16:36,370 --> 00:16:39,120 It is stated that. 130 00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:52,000 One day, perhaps, the bloc's 15000 copies entangled in Chinese languages were printed and presented in the 10 wooden Chinese versions. 131 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:56,740 There are no mentions about the Tibetan language. 132 00:16:56,740 --> 00:17:09,160 Meanwhile, in the Tibetan texts Wednesday, crowds of blocks thousand of copies were printed and presented, unfortunately, into Tibetan texts. 133 00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:15,670 The place was the languages of the publication which were being dictated its last. 134 00:17:15,670 --> 00:17:33,070 Besides, the quantity of copies is different. It seems unlikely, given the amount of Tibetan texts could exceed the 10 wood and Chinese once in total, 135 00:17:33,070 --> 00:17:40,930 it can be assumed that the Tibetan version was printed last of all and the total number of copies was corrected. 136 00:17:40,930 --> 00:17:46,120 The number of Tibetan copies was simply add to the original 15000. 137 00:17:46,120 --> 00:18:00,510 Based on this assumption, we can determine the exact quantity of the Tibetan editions, namely 2000, and only one of them left. 138 00:18:00,510 --> 00:18:06,810 In fact, it's the Tibetan version was printed to us to fall. 139 00:18:06,810 --> 00:18:14,360 It casts doubts to its immutable date. 140 00:18:14,360 --> 00:18:22,920 Taken into account the very purpose of the publication distribution to the people as it had gathering. 141 00:18:22,920 --> 00:18:30,380 We nonetheless can assume that the Tibetan edition must have been printed almost simultaneously with the others. 142 00:18:30,380 --> 00:18:42,740 Now, let's talk about what we mean as cryptologist, since rap is the most about the material aspects of the book, Carl, this book was made. 143 00:18:42,740 --> 00:18:59,190 Each folio was folded in its centre and blank pages of the verse aside to close the borders. 144 00:18:59,190 --> 00:19:08,460 As it is shown in this queue where a dotted line shows the folds and the hitch shows the head of joint as a result for the photos, 145 00:19:08,460 --> 00:19:15,690 formed arrests and style products that greatly resembled butterfly format with the only difference. 146 00:19:15,690 --> 00:19:22,500 That's a blank pages. Could not be seen in the course of time. 147 00:19:22,500 --> 00:19:31,860 The paper on the falls frayed and folders began to fall apart. 148 00:19:31,860 --> 00:19:36,780 Tibetan lines go from the left page to the right page. 149 00:19:36,780 --> 00:19:44,910 That means that in case if we lose the right or left page, we have at our disposal on the half of the line. 150 00:19:44,910 --> 00:19:50,640 The problem I Cunard's into publication of information that we already. 151 00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:56,660 And it's. Vertical. 152 00:19:56,660 --> 00:20:04,750 Ten good. And Chinese lines in respect, physicians traditionally go from the right to the left in all the three editions, 153 00:20:04,750 --> 00:20:09,430 fully Asian or numbering the pages is situated all by. 154 00:20:09,430 --> 00:20:17,300 A special place on the fold. They would end Chinese have their respective designation. 155 00:20:17,300 --> 00:20:21,200 And in the Tibetan tradition, Chinese numerals are used. 156 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:32,590 Furthermore, in the Tibetan tradition, affiliation is additionally, but also in Chinese is given in the lower margin on either side of the fold. 157 00:20:32,590 --> 00:20:42,430 Then what version has detached remnants of the blue steel car? 158 00:20:42,430 --> 00:20:53,750 I mentioned fabric was dyed with Indigo Chinese version has three engravings thematically connected to that hearing sutras. 159 00:20:53,750 --> 00:21:04,100 Therefore, if we assume that all the three additions were similar or equal, it means that perhaps all of them had nice blue covers and engravings. 160 00:21:04,100 --> 00:21:11,030 But maybe more important for us that this 12th century Tibetan book was a codex as a 161 00:21:11,030 --> 00:21:18,690 type of book that was rather exotic in the context of Tibetan book culture as a whole. 162 00:21:18,690 --> 00:21:27,810 Now, let's discuss the contents of my talk was entitled The Collection of Precious Hardness, 163 00:21:27,810 --> 00:21:37,400 but in fact there are only two hiding a was here and and not refused to collect. 164 00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:48,150 And it's appropriate. These two texts are at work, etc. the during a Sutro and ensure a giant hurring suture is the last. 165 00:21:48,150 --> 00:21:53,720 And very important part of the addition is the ultraworld written by the Emperor. 166 00:21:53,720 --> 00:22:03,310 Gentlemen, I will say a few words about the second text and its significance because it will help us in the next passage. 167 00:22:03,310 --> 00:22:10,740 God is awesome, much of a Jiah victorious queen of Crown and Light emerged from the brilliant tree supply. 168 00:22:10,740 --> 00:22:23,150 That's Crown good then. She's of a store of long life and even immortality and has the power to prevent untimely death. 169 00:22:23,150 --> 00:22:36,430 Her current suitor contains a story about a young God who was told to table by seven days and undergo soul and rebirth. 170 00:22:36,430 --> 00:22:40,950 This as a dog, folks. Monkey. Snake. 171 00:22:40,950 --> 00:22:45,890 Vulture. Crow. And finally, a blind man. 172 00:22:45,890 --> 00:22:56,030 He was in India as an intermediary. The young God who was condemned to death received from the Buddha the practise of Ocean Shiva Jaya. 173 00:22:56,030 --> 00:23:06,650 And as a result, he didn't die and lift forever. The story is quite simple, and it is in human nature to desire immortality. 174 00:23:06,650 --> 00:23:17,900 So no one does have plenty of options to reject. Texts and images were recovered from a photo by Koslov and oral sting. 175 00:23:17,900 --> 00:23:25,080 And as you might maybe remember, this new show which I had had on only was in the least of the texts. 176 00:23:25,080 --> 00:23:30,240 Ought to be memorised through the Koran. 177 00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:34,190 You would just meet Nancy. 178 00:23:34,190 --> 00:23:45,870 Now, let's see how much of the text we have at our disposal and how it was distributed and on separate items and even separate cities. 179 00:23:45,870 --> 00:23:51,650 The tangled text is complete. The Chinese version is almost complete. 180 00:23:51,650 --> 00:24:01,050 All the photos are extent, but some parts of the text alost, including the much speculated date. 181 00:24:01,050 --> 00:24:10,760 The Tibetan text survived only in fragments. Sincerely speaking with salt initially that we have at our disposal. 182 00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:22,630 Two different books. One of them was exhibited edition and stated, or at least seen by my niece called. 183 00:24:22,630 --> 00:24:29,240 The other was less popular and seemed to be much more damaged than the first one. 184 00:24:29,240 --> 00:24:39,770 Besides its lower margin difference in size. But one day read in the manuscript of a giant Hutting Sutro from a hotel. 185 00:24:39,770 --> 00:24:45,190 I realised that I am recognising parts from both books. 186 00:24:45,190 --> 00:24:52,930 This version of the text of Richard Harding Sutra is absent in any addition of Tibetan canon. 187 00:24:52,930 --> 00:24:57,910 Therefore, this identification could not be done automatically. 188 00:24:57,910 --> 00:25:05,080 But luckily, this suit is also available as a manuscript manuscript. 189 00:25:05,080 --> 00:25:14,250 Texts also helps us reconstruct the numbers of the photos that were absent. 190 00:25:14,250 --> 00:25:20,010 These two printed items are inter complementary. 191 00:25:20,010 --> 00:25:27,900 There are no duplicate folders, so we can assume that they originate from one copy. 192 00:25:27,900 --> 00:25:31,890 One page from this book was picked up by the expedition of Oral Stane. 193 00:25:31,890 --> 00:25:45,440 And now it is kept in the British Library. And I don't think that this is a coincidence. 194 00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:52,510 Finally, the second specimen of Tibetan book, because it was obviously very much in use, 195 00:25:52,510 --> 00:26:01,180 consists purely of sacred Buddhist formulae that are traditionally believed to have great magical power. 196 00:26:01,180 --> 00:26:16,960 One, I suppose the dispatch was extracted by the owner of the book for making an amulet carefully and in a pouch, constant reading, etc. 197 00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:23,500 In the table, you can see that a tango tradition has twenty three followers. 198 00:26:23,500 --> 00:26:29,990 The Chinese one has twenty one and the Tibetan book is the most volume and is awful. 199 00:26:29,990 --> 00:26:38,770 The last extent folio has a number sixty one. But the judging from the text logical study of the script of the book. 200 00:26:38,770 --> 00:26:44,310 It could have no less than 70 followers in total. 201 00:26:44,310 --> 00:26:57,290 Considering the value of this addition, it seems tantalising to translate the sad part, namely the postscript written by the tangoed emperor. 202 00:26:57,290 --> 00:27:08,220 Due to fragmentary preservation state of the Tibetan texts, it would be possible without the use of. 203 00:27:08,220 --> 00:27:18,490 Completes that Russian. The translation task was carried out by Japanese scholar Sayako, Manocha and me. 204 00:27:18,490 --> 00:27:25,150 And I would like to express my gratitude to my diligent colleague for this fruitful collaboration. 205 00:27:25,150 --> 00:27:32,260 It is not simply a postscript in a sense of editorial work, but postscript inspiration. 206 00:27:32,260 --> 00:27:36,460 The Tibetan title is lost and they cannot provide Tibetan words for colation. 207 00:27:36,460 --> 00:27:46,420 Unfortunately, by writing this postscripts, the Emperor secures the goals of this Streelman Grill edition, 208 00:27:46,420 --> 00:27:54,140 and his intentions laid far beyond pride in his people with Buddhist texts. 209 00:27:54,140 --> 00:28:04,000 And is the main body of the post Crupi explicate the benefits that one can get from region, the hurring snootiness, 210 00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:11,620 for example, if the sound is heard, is a great accident cause we'll be gained if the shadow is touched. 211 00:28:11,620 --> 00:28:15,910 Also, Birch's benefits will begin at. 212 00:28:15,910 --> 00:28:32,950 What we see here is that the order of Tibetan grandma is violated and the word all punchier, that naturally should be after the object precedes it. 213 00:28:32,950 --> 00:28:38,400 Here is a Tibetan translation follows the word of the entangled phrase. 214 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:44,290 That means that probably the text was translated by someone to whom the Tibetan was not his mother tongue. 215 00:28:44,290 --> 00:28:50,960 And we might also consider the reason of the desire to make translation more literal. 216 00:28:50,960 --> 00:28:56,290 One example is nothing. Let's take a second. 217 00:28:56,290 --> 00:29:06,500 Then good and Chinese versions, states that had any vitally aids the creatures and deeply benefits the sentient beings. 218 00:29:06,500 --> 00:29:15,980 But in Tibetan. And it turns out that the Taraneh AIDS, the white creatures and benefits deep sentient beings. 219 00:29:15,980 --> 00:29:28,820 And the reason is the gain. Informal and all the trades besides demonstrates is grammatical durations. 220 00:29:28,820 --> 00:29:38,360 I would like to stress out that the Tibetan version, though fragmentary, absolutely corresponds to the tank with text in terms of contents. 221 00:29:38,360 --> 00:29:48,210 And most likely, in case of the postscript, the Tibetan text was translated from tangoed, not vice versa. 222 00:29:48,210 --> 00:29:55,120 Now, let's return to the context to the contents of the postscript. 223 00:29:55,120 --> 00:30:04,680 The emperor lists many miraculous qualities of the difference and gifts promised to read them himself. 224 00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:10,370 I also will attach this hearing so stress on my clothes will recite Taraneh 225 00:30:10,370 --> 00:30:18,620 with one pointed concentration and aspire to have a prominent cause for a few. 226 00:30:18,620 --> 00:30:23,720 If the emperor used to wear the text on his body, 227 00:30:23,720 --> 00:30:28,380 it is no wonder that the citizens of Tanguis states followed his example and 228 00:30:28,380 --> 00:30:34,680 that is a part of the book with this new a giant has this outworn condition. 229 00:30:34,680 --> 00:30:48,100 Zeins, a emperor, recounts of his watches deeds such as making fire offerings and Mondelez organising tatami assemblies and food donation ceremonies. 230 00:30:48,100 --> 00:31:00,590 And the history of that only few of such good deeds made with respect and true face can be mentioned as oh, cannot be explained. 231 00:31:00,590 --> 00:31:13,080 At this point, unfortunately, we are losing the trace of Tibetan texts and must rely only upon the tangoed and Chinese versions. 232 00:31:13,080 --> 00:31:19,100 Then the emperor formulates his aspirations. 233 00:31:19,100 --> 00:31:24,170 They are addressed to his father, who deceased 10 years ago. 234 00:31:24,170 --> 00:31:35,090 He aspires that his father could transcend three rounds and ride on the cloud of the people to avoid the full firms forums or bells. 235 00:31:35,090 --> 00:31:45,410 Besides, he wishes that the deceased emperor could silently help the world to be governed peacefully by itself without any action. 236 00:31:45,410 --> 00:31:54,890 This aspiration involves the concepts of ovei or effortless action in action. 237 00:31:54,890 --> 00:32:09,560 An important concept in Chinese statecraft and Taoism so we can catch a glimpse how multifaceted it was, a knowledge and worldview of the author. 238 00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:16,040 And then, as he also expresses desires of his descendants, would flourish increasingly. 239 00:32:16,040 --> 00:32:25,220 And the people living in the four directions of the tank, what state would sleep peacefully without fear of war? 240 00:32:25,220 --> 00:32:30,730 At least he's as Christian is finalised with God. 241 00:32:30,730 --> 00:32:35,630 Overseas, there are 12 lines in total. 242 00:32:35,630 --> 00:32:44,540 And each consists of seven syllables. The verses summarise briefly the contents and intentions of the addition. 243 00:32:44,540 --> 00:32:51,170 They don't add any new information, but they were quote, one out of respect to the Emperor. 244 00:32:51,170 --> 00:33:05,260 One gains fulfilment of the things he's supposed to want a hope for relying upon the heart and the wishes of matters get accomplished. 245 00:33:05,260 --> 00:33:14,590 In this fragment, the Chinese colation also leaves us and we stay on lose Tibetan text in the verses 246 00:33:14,590 --> 00:33:27,660 are followed by the coliforms that contains the date and the title of Zeehan. 247 00:33:27,660 --> 00:33:38,000 Basically, this is all but I would like to repeat that this postscript is an interesting example of translation from tangoed 248 00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:50,280 to Tibetan and can serve as a good source of seeking correspondences for Buddhist terms that are numerous. 249 00:33:50,280 --> 00:33:56,730 Many scholars from all over the world, including your humble narrator, 250 00:33:56,730 --> 00:34:07,260 were interested in this booklet and also books dealing with Tibetan print and written in recent years, mentioned it. 251 00:34:07,260 --> 00:34:18,070 And I hope my survey has not increased the entropy of smaller and larger mistakes that surround its history. 252 00:34:18,070 --> 00:34:30,900 I am in love with tangoed proverbs. So I cannot finish my speech without Kwartin La. 253 00:34:30,900 --> 00:34:35,910 Even a chairman who does not share a nice for himself. 254 00:34:35,910 --> 00:34:41,220 Even a bright lantern cannot light up its own interior. 255 00:34:41,220 --> 00:34:45,660 So even that even a fiver. Bet. Chairman, thank you for listening to me. 256 00:34:45,660 --> 00:34:49,710 And I would like to send my best to my colleagues, Dr. Alexander Sooting, 257 00:34:49,710 --> 00:34:56,250 and Doctor Transcriber's, whom I work on a collection of Tibetan texts from her hotel. 258 00:34:56,250 --> 00:35:04,320 And I'm grateful to the Institute of Forensic Manuscripts for the privilege to touch this objects. 259 00:35:04,320 --> 00:35:15,240 And I owe a lot to my Japanese cause, aside from Anaka, for the deep dive into ten good texts and very interesting translation work. 260 00:35:15,240 --> 00:35:24,900 At last, but not least, I thank Daniel for inviting me to participate in the Tibetan playlets at this seminar. 261 00:35:24,900 --> 00:35:45,227 Thank you.