OK, everybody. Let's hit the bar. He's a junior researcher at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts in St. Petersburg,
where she works both with the Mongolian and Tibetan collections of the institute.
As a manuscript apologist, she works at several cataloguing projects,
including the compilation of the catalogue of Tibetan texts from Krakatau preserved at the Institute of Tea or any manuscripts.
Russian Academy of Sciences. The tangled in Chinese text from Caraco to have already been studied extensively by Russian and
foreign scholars and several catalogues and facsimile editions of many of them were published.
The Tibetan part of this, also known as causeless collection, by contrast,
remains largely unknown to Western academia and one of the most famous Tibetan texts kept at the iWeb, namely sixty sixty seven.
It belongs to us. And so that's going to introduce us to this text and talk.
It is also based on a forthcoming article containing the translation of the Emperor's PostScript to the book.
And without further ado, Hala, just quencher. Let's go.
Good evening, everybody. The Chinese philosopher manses said that man must be decided on what they will not do.
And then they are able to who is weaker and what they ought to do following this wise words.
I will start my story about the first Tibetan blueprint defining what this book is not.
Firstly, in historical context, it is not the very first specimen of printing in the Tibetan script.
Prince instance was the Tibetan script used for transcribing the I texts were circulating in Central Asia since the earliest times.
One of the most remarkable examples being this protective circle from doing one.
It is rather natural because creation of a printed book in the full sense of the word requires a number of preliminary attempts and years of printing.
Practise and Chaplin's technique replicate in small texts that had, in the first instance, practical importance.
This is also true for the legendary Gutenberg Bible, whose appearance was preceded by pamphlets, school books and indulgences.
But due to its aesthetic qualities and complexity, it is a Gutenberg Bible that bears the honourable title of the first book printed in Europe.
Returning to the question what this book is not. Also, it is not something that lies.
It's the origins of the block printing in Tibet itself, because on a wide scale, it develops much later, only in the 15th century.
So what is it then? In fact, this book is a peculiar phenomenon pertinent to the tangled culture.
What states was wiped off the face of the Earth long ago.
But since its emergence in the beginning of 11th century until its fall under the onslaught of the Mongols in the 13th century,
it was a powerful domain competing with its neighbours, the sun and the Lao empires.
Washington would put describes the position of his people in the surrounding world as follows.
Tangles go forward bravely and boldly. Key towns are famous for their slow moves Tibetans.
They worship Buddhist monks, mostly Chinese each.
And all left secular books then which empire itself was purely ethnic.
And the considerable portion of the empire's population consisted of Tibetans who spoke their own language.
But as long as Tibetan was the language of karma, it also held a special position in the tangoed states.
This position was secured by the tangoed low court.
For example, 10 good Chinese and Tibetan citizens were equal in the sense that all of them could be preceptors of Buddhist communities.
But only upon meeting certain conditions.
Let's read the article number seven hundred seventy nine from the revised Flo's.
Oh, yes. Because it is crucial.
If a man's a tangled Chinese and Tibetan young man,
Zera sounds that are well versed in stress and got us then those amongst them who already had accepted zero,
so behaviour can be assigned to the positions of preceptors as the principal imperial
civil secretariat holds eleven suitors and God has that must be memorised by heart,
by the candidates are listed below and must be read according to the established rules.
Candidates should define the rules of behaviour and is the one who is well versed in sutras.
And God has agrees with his assignment to the position.
It should be reported to the superior acerbity and he must become a monk, the one who left his family.
Now, let's take a look at the list of the Tibetan texts to memorise in case if you decide to become a preceptor of
Buddhist community in C set number one prajna parameter scripture for humane kings who wish to protect their states.
Number two, chanting the names of my judiciary. Number three, the ten great ones.
Oh, but he said. Samantha Codrea. Number four, the confession of downfalls to the certified Buddhist.
Number five is the heart of the perfection of wisdom.
Number six, God has dedicated to the prosperity and protection of the states.
Number seven, the twenty fifth straight to, oh, the gateway to every direction about the bookies out of L.A.,
Kadesh for friends, a lot of suitor number eight, Reginette parameter Stotra or him to the perfection of wisdom.
Number nine, had any of the Victoria's ocean shipping giant.
Number 10, Rashmi Bimala, we should hooked up, huh?
Or is a pure stimulus, let the hiring. And finally, number 11, the Diamond Sutra.
The majority of these titles can be found at the Tibetan collections of the tangoed origin.
But I shall not developments as my story is dedicated to the printed edition, one and only.
As we understand from Zillo quotes, the Tibetan language was obligatory for a certain level of religious life.
In other words, not only Tibetans in the snam knew and spoke Tibetan.
From historical sources, we also know that even the Emperors, for example, the great founder of the Imperial Dynasty,
you and how new Tibetan but also Tanguis Emperors was a key figure for us,
is the Emperor Jainism perhaps the most devoted to Buddhism and the most long leading and long gruelling?
In one of the cooler phones, he is praised in the following manner when the humane and revered emperor came to the precious throne.
He gave Buddhism and you start causing a renaissance.
The three jewels, Burzan Olsen in their manifestation.
Above mentioned, locals were published during the times of his reign.
The period of heavenly prosperity and to him we are blessed, amongst other things,
for the extra printing of the only extent stango Tibetan book that survived until nowadays.
colourfulness of tangled texts staves at various Buddhist texts were published
in 10 good Chinese and Tibetan in cells sense of coppice for distribution.
Amanda participants of the National Hatami Assemblies.
But one may wonder. Whereas the sounds of printed Tibetan books now.
It is an established fact that we have at our disposal at least one example of actually teaching in three languages.
But it took almost a century since the tangoed heritage was revealed to the world to understand.
Then good studies were given a powerful impetus by the discovery of the collection
of 10 good Chinese and Tibetan texts in the beginning of the 20th century.
The site of the hotel is located on the territory of the present day in the Mongolia autonomous region of China.
Once had a hotel was known as a city code ads in there and was one of the remotest places of the tangoed empire.
It's 10 good name and survived in the book. Marco Polo.
And in the designation of the river at Zingo.
America Sinologist John de Frances,
after visiting the Satchel's the following Marco Polo news as adding a name which is also reflected in the name Jingle or the Edson River,
which the Mongols give towards a Chinese coal hair or Black River.
The cities had a hotel in Mongolian. Hey, Chin in Chinese or Black River?
In both languages. Black rewa, black S.T., black golby, the colour was pervasive to the view as well as to the mind.
But despite its stated blackness, Horoho, to quote, sheds light on the forgotten culture of the lost empire.
Discovery of the dead city is credited to a borut explorer, self-taught but mash up of.
Who provided famous Russian travel, the Koslov with this information?
The letter made the first excavations of the site and found the treasury of
ancient texts and Buddhist artefacts immured in the so-called famous suburban.
The bulk of them were brought to St. Petersburg and kept now at the Institute of Oriental
Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences and at the State Hermitage Museum.
Ten goods and jennies texts from the hotel have been static successfully by Russian and
foreign scholars and several Keta looks and facsimile editions of many of them republished.
That's a version of love collection, by contrast, remains largely unknown fosi academia.
Three years ago, the team, the team of Tibbits ologists from the Institute of Parental Manuscripts headed by Dr. Alexander Sorin,
started the cataloguing project that will hopefully fill this gap.
Meanwhile, the printed booklet has been enjoying worldwide fame already for many years.
For the first time it will. It was presented in public at the exhibition Lost Empire of the Silk Road that was held in 1993 in Switzerland.
Three years later, the exhibition catalogue was published in Chinese.
Therefore, introducing the item to scholars from China and Japan.
Veterans first, the case of the new century. They made a significant contribution to the study of this blueprint.
However, it was yet to be found out that the Tibetan blueprint has the exact Chinese and tangoed counterparts.
I deliberately skipped mentioning names of many scholars because I don't want to overload my stories,
too many details, but of course, I cannot avoid mentioning the contribution made by Professor Shane regime.
He was the first to notice the similarities between Tibetan and Chinese versions.
I'll quote his article published 10 years ago. Indeed.
Crater six to seven is the Tibetan Plateau region of the Chinese texts that carry one hundred sixty four and Turkey 165.
Namely, about kiddish for the current Suiter and Kushnir should be jailed Hurring suture.
This identification does not only clarify the origin of the Chinese texts, but also provides the exact date when the hit, the 67 was printed.
In case she in both claims that hit the 67 was the earliest print of wooden movable type in the world history,
then it is quite certain that this technology appeared in the reign of Jean Zone of the Tangoed Kingdom.
Well, it was really a breakthrough. But there are some remarks that they should make.
First, the Tibetan book is not the original for the Chinese texts.
More probably vice versa, but I prefer the more cautious term counterpart.
Secondly, there is no exact date in Chinese texts, but it is not a book printed by means of movable type.
It is a blueprint. The missing link here, as you may be already guessed,
is a language version of the edition that does contains the exact date and the date looks and sounds as follows.
First year of heavenly prosperity. A snake.
That means the year eleven 49. Ironically, the links between the Chinese and tangoed versions were going to be you and described by this search.
So we see them in the introduction to the catch, a look of tangled Buddhist texts.
Some years ago. Professor, when you see the rightful assumed that the tango date is applicable to the Chinese tradition,
whereas the correspondent part of the strict is lost. But the Tibetan version remains beyond the scope of his work.
So all the traditions were still to be reconsidered as a whole in the future.
But it is not that simple, as we will see from the analysis of the postscript or afterwards of the addition.
Let's cheque the fragments. Whereas the information about the complication is given at first in the tangled and Chinese versions.
It is stated that.
One day, perhaps, the bloc's 15000 copies entangled in Chinese languages were printed and presented in the 10 wooden Chinese versions.
There are no mentions about the Tibetan language.
Meanwhile, in the Tibetan texts Wednesday, crowds of blocks thousand of copies were printed and presented, unfortunately, into Tibetan texts.
The place was the languages of the publication which were being dictated its last.
Besides, the quantity of copies is different. It seems unlikely, given the amount of Tibetan texts could exceed the 10 wood and Chinese once in total,
it can be assumed that the Tibetan version was printed last of all and the total number of copies was corrected.
The number of Tibetan copies was simply add to the original 15000.
Based on this assumption, we can determine the exact quantity of the Tibetan editions, namely 2000, and only one of them left.
In fact, it's the Tibetan version was printed to us to fall.
It casts doubts to its immutable date.
Taken into account the very purpose of the publication distribution to the people as it had gathering.
We nonetheless can assume that the Tibetan edition must have been printed almost simultaneously with the others.
Now, let's talk about what we mean as cryptologist, since rap is the most about the material aspects of the book, Carl, this book was made.
Each folio was folded in its centre and blank pages of the verse aside to close the borders.
As it is shown in this queue where a dotted line shows the folds and the hitch shows the head of joint as a result for the photos,
formed arrests and style products that greatly resembled butterfly format with the only difference.
That's a blank pages. Could not be seen in the course of time.
The paper on the falls frayed and folders began to fall apart.
Tibetan lines go from the left page to the right page.
That means that in case if we lose the right or left page, we have at our disposal on the half of the line.
The problem I Cunard's into publication of information that we already.
And it's. Vertical.
Ten good. And Chinese lines in respect, physicians traditionally go from the right to the left in all the three editions,
fully Asian or numbering the pages is situated all by.
A special place on the fold. They would end Chinese have their respective designation.
And in the Tibetan tradition, Chinese numerals are used.
Furthermore, in the Tibetan tradition, affiliation is additionally, but also in Chinese is given in the lower margin on either side of the fold.
Then what version has detached remnants of the blue steel car?
I mentioned fabric was dyed with Indigo Chinese version has three engravings thematically connected to that hearing sutras.
Therefore, if we assume that all the three additions were similar or equal, it means that perhaps all of them had nice blue covers and engravings.
But maybe more important for us that this 12th century Tibetan book was a codex as a
type of book that was rather exotic in the context of Tibetan book culture as a whole.
Now, let's discuss the contents of my talk was entitled The Collection of Precious Hardness,
but in fact there are only two hiding a was here and and not refused to collect.
And it's appropriate. These two texts are at work, etc. the during a Sutro and ensure a giant hurring suture is the last.
And very important part of the addition is the ultraworld written by the Emperor.
Gentlemen, I will say a few words about the second text and its significance because it will help us in the next passage.
God is awesome, much of a Jiah victorious queen of Crown and Light emerged from the brilliant tree supply.
That's Crown good then. She's of a store of long life and even immortality and has the power to prevent untimely death.
Her current suitor contains a story about a young God who was told to table by seven days and undergo soul and rebirth.
This as a dog, folks. Monkey. Snake.
Vulture. Crow. And finally, a blind man.
He was in India as an intermediary. The young God who was condemned to death received from the Buddha the practise of Ocean Shiva Jaya.
And as a result, he didn't die and lift forever. The story is quite simple, and it is in human nature to desire immortality.
So no one does have plenty of options to reject. Texts and images were recovered from a photo by Koslov and oral sting.
And as you might maybe remember, this new show which I had had on only was in the least of the texts.
Ought to be memorised through the Koran.
You would just meet Nancy.
Now, let's see how much of the text we have at our disposal and how it was distributed and on separate items and even separate cities.
The tangled text is complete. The Chinese version is almost complete.
All the photos are extent, but some parts of the text alost, including the much speculated date.
The Tibetan text survived only in fragments. Sincerely speaking with salt initially that we have at our disposal.
Two different books. One of them was exhibited edition and stated, or at least seen by my niece called.
The other was less popular and seemed to be much more damaged than the first one.
Besides its lower margin difference in size. But one day read in the manuscript of a giant Hutting Sutro from a hotel.
I realised that I am recognising parts from both books.
This version of the text of Richard Harding Sutra is absent in any addition of Tibetan canon.
Therefore, this identification could not be done automatically.
But luckily, this suit is also available as a manuscript manuscript.
Texts also helps us reconstruct the numbers of the photos that were absent.
These two printed items are inter complementary.
There are no duplicate folders, so we can assume that they originate from one copy.
One page from this book was picked up by the expedition of Oral Stane.
And now it is kept in the British Library. And I don't think that this is a coincidence.
Finally, the second specimen of Tibetan book, because it was obviously very much in use,
consists purely of sacred Buddhist formulae that are traditionally believed to have great magical power.
One, I suppose the dispatch was extracted by the owner of the book for making an amulet carefully and in a pouch, constant reading, etc.
In the table, you can see that a tango tradition has twenty three followers.
The Chinese one has twenty one and the Tibetan book is the most volume and is awful.
The last extent folio has a number sixty one. But the judging from the text logical study of the script of the book.
It could have no less than 70 followers in total.
Considering the value of this addition, it seems tantalising to translate the sad part, namely the postscript written by the tangoed emperor.
Due to fragmentary preservation state of the Tibetan texts, it would be possible without the use of.
Completes that Russian. The translation task was carried out by Japanese scholar Sayako, Manocha and me.
And I would like to express my gratitude to my diligent colleague for this fruitful collaboration.
It is not simply a postscript in a sense of editorial work, but postscript inspiration.
The Tibetan title is lost and they cannot provide Tibetan words for colation.
Unfortunately, by writing this postscripts, the Emperor secures the goals of this Streelman Grill edition,
and his intentions laid far beyond pride in his people with Buddhist texts.
And is the main body of the post Crupi explicate the benefits that one can get from region, the hurring snootiness,
for example, if the sound is heard, is a great accident cause we'll be gained if the shadow is touched.
Also, Birch's benefits will begin at.
What we see here is that the order of Tibetan grandma is violated and the word all punchier, that naturally should be after the object precedes it.
Here is a Tibetan translation follows the word of the entangled phrase.
That means that probably the text was translated by someone to whom the Tibetan was not his mother tongue.
And we might also consider the reason of the desire to make translation more literal.
One example is nothing. Let's take a second.
Then good and Chinese versions, states that had any vitally aids the creatures and deeply benefits the sentient beings.
But in Tibetan. And it turns out that the Taraneh AIDS, the white creatures and benefits deep sentient beings.
And the reason is the gain. Informal and all the trades besides demonstrates is grammatical durations.
I would like to stress out that the Tibetan version, though fragmentary, absolutely corresponds to the tank with text in terms of contents.
And most likely, in case of the postscript, the Tibetan text was translated from tangoed, not vice versa.
Now, let's return to the context to the contents of the postscript.
The emperor lists many miraculous qualities of the difference and gifts promised to read them himself.
I also will attach this hearing so stress on my clothes will recite Taraneh
with one pointed concentration and aspire to have a prominent cause for a few.
If the emperor used to wear the text on his body,
it is no wonder that the citizens of Tanguis states followed his example and
that is a part of the book with this new a giant has this outworn condition.
Zeins, a emperor, recounts of his watches deeds such as making fire offerings and Mondelez organising tatami assemblies and food donation ceremonies.
And the history of that only few of such good deeds made with respect and true face can be mentioned as oh, cannot be explained.
At this point, unfortunately, we are losing the trace of Tibetan texts and must rely only upon the tangoed and Chinese versions.
Then the emperor formulates his aspirations.
They are addressed to his father, who deceased 10 years ago.
He aspires that his father could transcend three rounds and ride on the cloud of the people to avoid the full firms forums or bells.
Besides, he wishes that the deceased emperor could silently help the world to be governed peacefully by itself without any action.
This aspiration involves the concepts of ovei or effortless action in action.
An important concept in Chinese statecraft and Taoism so we can catch a glimpse how multifaceted it was, a knowledge and worldview of the author.
And then, as he also expresses desires of his descendants, would flourish increasingly.
And the people living in the four directions of the tank, what state would sleep peacefully without fear of war?
At least he's as Christian is finalised with God.
Overseas, there are 12 lines in total.
And each consists of seven syllables. The verses summarise briefly the contents and intentions of the addition.
They don't add any new information, but they were quote, one out of respect to the Emperor.
One gains fulfilment of the things he's supposed to want a hope for relying upon the heart and the wishes of matters get accomplished.
In this fragment, the Chinese colation also leaves us and we stay on lose Tibetan text in the verses
are followed by the coliforms that contains the date and the title of Zeehan.
Basically, this is all but I would like to repeat that this postscript is an interesting example of translation from tangoed
to Tibetan and can serve as a good source of seeking correspondences for Buddhist terms that are numerous.
Many scholars from all over the world, including your humble narrator,
were interested in this booklet and also books dealing with Tibetan print and written in recent years, mentioned it.
And I hope my survey has not increased the entropy of smaller and larger mistakes that surround its history.
I am in love with tangoed proverbs. So I cannot finish my speech without Kwartin La.
Even a chairman who does not share a nice for himself.
Even a bright lantern cannot light up its own interior.
So even that even a fiver. Bet. Chairman, thank you for listening to me.
And I would like to send my best to my colleagues, Dr. Alexander Sooting,
and Doctor Transcriber's, whom I work on a collection of Tibetan texts from her hotel.
And I'm grateful to the Institute of Forensic Manuscripts for the privilege to touch this objects.
And I owe a lot to my Japanese cause, aside from Anaka, for the deep dive into ten good texts and very interesting translation work.
At last, but not least, I thank Daniel for inviting me to participate in the Tibetan playlets at this seminar.
Thank you.