Hello, everybody, and welcome to Jesus of the second term of the academic year.
We call Hillary here in Oxford. And today we're very happy and very fortunate to have two girls setting present his work for us.
So to go selling is a Ph.D. student at the Centre of British Studies in the University of Hong Kong, and he's originally from India in Tibet.
His doctoral research focuses on Indo-tibetan matchmaker philosophy in general and on women.
My Jamaica philosophy in particular. So without further ado, Lisa Ling and take it away.
Oh, thank you so much, Jack. Good evening, everyone.
First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Tejas members for offer me this opportunity
to be part of the series of talk and to share my work with such a wonderful audience.
I also would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to our host, my dear friends Jack, who organised and mentor possible.
As you know, I will be talking about my dear Michael philosophy with particular focus on the talk.
Forbes Before, but before going into the topic, I would like to talk about his life,
the backgrounds of his, my Jamaica philosophy, which happens to share his own view.
So. Yeah. Can you see the screen now?
Right. But I he was born in the 1347 in there in the Valley, which is near the Southdown Monastery in the province of Ozark.
In addition to that, by the time he was 18, he went to such a monastery and take a novice voice from the Journal Master.
Not to mention this is how he got the name was the ring that was on the Lord.
Which means literally means the useful of wisdom which He kept.
As for the rest of his life,
around the 1369 window was to begin to learn the Buddhist classic epistemology and through the lens of Démocrates permanent Vertica,
and it renews the journals together. Now, what convergence that was agreed expressed on this,
after making a reasonably good commands of the subsequent art for debating courtyard, according to his biographer,
was his cosmic personal attendant the sun symbol on one occasion that when was
dissatisfied with his response to the question posed by his challenge on the courtyard,
which made him feel tremendously uncomfortable presuming that his oral transformation is from a T-shirt, possibly misleading.
As a result, he said the of meditation at such a monastery to reflect on his previous learning.
The interestingly assessed and though there is no records of him taking a part in the public debate about Indian literature.
He studied in-depth. He learns perfection of wisdom study through obviously a long career from such scholars.
I'm not done by then, and I think I'll be done with someone giant and the loss of offenders, I'll be done.
Michael Sharp As from losing sight of Samuel and I'm going on Garbus.
Winona Mutasa A truck and a WPA pension.
Ganga. After acquiring a solid foundations and a for a maintenance measure, Buddhist, Indian,
Buddhist classics in Davos shifted his attentions to make America its own history,
and most told us that his initial plan is to study Ahmadiyya mock Islam at Ambassador Tim.
But this master was last at that point, not in the South China.
So he eventually went to detention or shamanism was its torture at the monastery at that point.
So he is told to have it. The he is report is to have it told with no other material, including the writings of Michaelson.
I and I had the events under 30. We will come back to this topic as soon.
He comes to studies the Brazilian jiu jitsu,
tantric teachings from various masters such as the US army and Guatemala, just from listing shots of Samuel.
He wasn't us as from an amateur astronomer gemstone and talking to some Lara's from zazen.
Martha Benson is also said to have a deeply intrigued by some gruesome mind that his biographers does
not specific Lee kind of tell us what exactly ruined our stars teaching and acceptance students.
However, he told us that it is the dance of it is dance of the ring that was teaching courier and he told some
copper that was banned treasures of West Bend was the epidemic Russia at season monastery 1373.
Assuming that was the beginnings of the teaching profession, its because while he was in a late Chinese.
He often offered a class in a private individuals like Tom Carper and to public such
as near 500 monks and a garden in a two in a one 1400 and his esoteric teachings,
the centrist on the English Summit of Tantra.
While his esoteric, esoteric teachings, including the Muhammad Democratica and a chapter Santa Cassandra and as a material avatar,
attract a lot of followers from monastic ladies.
And in some of them, one of the greatest of minds in Tibet,
like some copper kitchens and just somebody and also the for Leahy like teacher or would
be in a western to by becoming a student and also his communist was financial support.
However his poorest and of his life around like 13 I 90 requires a key interest in doing retreats in a isolated place.
This is reflected in the letter and the call of the song of loving retreat by logarithm, which censors on campus from such amassed before his retreat.
Thus, he decided to retire from his teaching obligation at Santa Ana Monastery and begins devoting himself to religious practice in solitude.
And. But considering his advanced age and the harsh living condition,
both the monastic leaders and the lay official of such I are reported to have
endeavours to this faith to from pursuing this courageous plan but bear no fruit.
It is unclear who you knows what promotions to such make a such friend the session.
One of the factors possibly contributing to this is his uncompromising characteristic or uncompromising kind of personality.
As I will be discussing in our loans, a critiques of on tradition.
No such a modest disaster due the monastery abbot afternoons on Jacquot a students of the
John Long Scarlet these as a maturation also of the teachers of the Oriental himself.
Right was deeply disturbed and he is says to have carried histories and as tourists have in ever since.
Thus while is to alleviate this tension for him is to depart this monastery of this climate to retreat possibly
however as he did not completely disappears from public side as you know paret plastic kind of artillery monk.
He often travels to be to central to western Tibet like or I don't agree and I'm wrong
but this is kind of a place for retreat with financial support for regional rulers,
aristocratic families. Why ever? He never stayed in one place for any lengthy period.
During his retreat, he is said to have devoted a significant amount of time to teaching and exposition and contemplative meditation.
He maintained this kind of wealth line until his last breath in a song in a restaurant about a doll funeral this October in 1929.
As of October in I for the voting itself.
Yeah. And Rinella is remembered for his critique of classical tantra, and a tragic emptiness wasn't done right.
That is the central philosophical grounds of school in his letters of sure garland.
And I expressed his reluctance to accept the concept of tantra as orthodox Buddhist tantric system,
as many of this section contends are in contradiction with some of the shared
the Buddhist philosophical and ethical or cosmological presentation letter.
He was responsible by many Tibetan scholars like Tufts also serve to criticise Vrindavan for what he think as his failure
and to appreciate deep philosophical sophistication of classical tantra and addictions following the footsteps of.
Of of suffering ruined our lives.
We could use the criticism against Muhammad, our followers, and as the guardians of instruction, non-violence and trauma ruined our spirit.
His fundamental promises that any approach of meditative experience and a contrast to
the for Indian Buddhist philosophical school most of all the also Buddhist per view.
He then goes on to warns the more dynamic of all of the more Muhammad followers that they have a strong potentialities of being icons to the mogul.
Yeah, the Chinese Norse Zen master in support of anti rationalism strike, which is strongly described as intellectual motivation.
What ruined our primary concern is that Mom would have followers because the clarity or stability in a contemplative
practice with a special insight when we Bhaskar were true and the tranquillity similar to respectively.
In other words, mom would have followers define the especially insight as mere clarity, which has little to do with a critical the inquiry that.
Shilpa so in a contrast in a contrast with is current or historical dominant status in Tibetan Buddhism,
the medium of the philosophies were periods of stagnation in a 13th century because as has not
been in a had not been one of the core monastic curriculum at that point on the draftees of media,
amateur decline and their efforts towards its revival is biographies long history more?
A record from his teachers, told The Manilla Times from memory.
So there is a Tibetan I put there and the I'm going to for the sake of that, I'm going to meet the translation.
During my period of studies during the year, I heard that there was only one.
The attacks on such a monastery, not as I could not believe it was even true.
And thanks to my dedications module, my texts are perceived to value,
but notice nowadays is not extensively aroused on my dynamical philosophy for the independent works and the father.
Five The commentator works here.
I listed some of them. You see that?
You have to wonder. I'm working on the essential points of two truths.
And then the rest of them kind of instruction.
And the.
And then those are the he's the terminator looks to the measure my Denmark works engine works like malama democratica and AIDS specific industrial.
And then you have the, uh.
My dynamic avatar, right? So in the.
Enormous bodies of writing works that he produced is evidence of his commitment to the violence of media studies,
particularly the pass on decapitation.
It should be emphasised that these come to works are known to as one of the earliest Tibetan literature and as ours being a form.
It has been circulating in across schools of Tibetan Buddhism.
So there is a lot of disagreement about a wording that was my grandmother come from.
According to his biography is only small.
He's a contemporary. I have to. Some people spread a rumour that Linda was my down-market.
That's not her transmission.
So in his defence, in our own defence,
and I would say that he put his transformation into two categories literal transformation and japa and meaning translation to two.
He said that he was sure that he had the first secure Japan,
but he was less sure about the second because in his opinion it was extremely difficult to get it.
So I mean, that is also says to have reached the perfect gender standing of the views of a
nagarajan i his subsequent commentary including the that Kirti bordiga and etc.,
etc. but to honour this point to more offers only for factors that you know so as to get this point.
He says that one is the repeated analysis, which is of a gifted intellect, and the second a previous force of an aspiration.
And the three is very intensive, contemplative practice for the blessing of three choice.
We can see that like some copper. I mean that does not to give his teacher any court is for hoquiam's to the see or to get this view.
That's very kind of interesting.
The no, the not the tax the the more narrow of social points that I'm translating and also kind of doing research is.
Is is a new tax. The the full title of the the text is read In the Moonlight of Sensual Points of Touch with Any Naked Dancer.
A sensory endeavour strives in the text to elucidate on the tutus in a context
of modern adopting the genre and its undercutting system in the particular.
I am going to call this tax at the ANZ and I privately it's is is around the 25 pages and it's edition and
published by a certain income and then copy in the collaborations with the Institute of Tibetan manuscript.
I go a certain way to do call. All right.
2015, I think. And unfortunately, the origins of the source remain unknown.
Assange to editors is neither open to discussing how they get this manuscript,
according to the caller from in Davos wrote The NZ in a Soldier Academy suggests in the
Tibetan they said that at the request of his own student called the ANAM got closer.
And this desire has no date.
Like many of his other works, but it is likely that he finished it before he left such a monastery in 1390.
There should be no this that excerpts from now. Of course there is a request.
Then this stuff is not explicitly clear what motivates.
Inspiring the ones who wrote exclusively on iTunes for us in this manner.
However, given the Symantec threat, we can accommodate two possibilities doctrinal and historical use.
And many of you know that the two truce becomes one of the most attentive topic
dominating a Tibetan philosophical discussion in a firm like 13th century,
or possibly maybe earlier than that.
This inevitably provokes some AI novels or various interpretations that the stray verse from what Randhawa considers to be
the authentic meanings of two elucidated by the permanence media manga thinkers such as on his commentaries on the critique.
And the most striking example is the great Scott Torba a few decades before him to compose similar works on the two tortuous and in the title The Sun,
a song illuminating the torturous. Then he said M.R.I., in which he explicate the two truths, the conventional and ultimate,
and in conformity with intrinsic and extrinsic emptiness, respectively.
No philosophical orientation. This philosophical orientation attract numerous scholars, including his own teacher, a novel and as as a motto.
And so No Labels. This kind of orientation are substantial ism.
One Shenzhen a current systems for substance substantially verifying emptiness.
The characterised by he is a contemporary allergy acquires on a kind of a students
of now alpha top of prose encourage integrated the presentation that is.
The views of Yugoslavian media are identical on the final point and our strongly oppose it.
A professor Hopi. You know, copies of them.
Sorry. The copies of the copies don't describe him as hard above her as he draws a striking line between personally and South Africa.
But not just that from my perspective, not just, you know docs well forget distinctions of person versus authentic he's also.
A drawing and a fine line between the yoga shot and Smugmug he say these are two different things.
He took a great pains in audiences to the market at this two Indian Buddhist school.
By exhibiting this, they are diverging historical reasons and the philosophical differences for the historical reason as
previously discussed and contrasting the a vibrant and arguably the most dominant subject in Tibetan schools.
At the bottom.
Briscoe's analysis, the media make a study that seems to develop, at least at this time, in the wake of new growing philosophical alternatives.
And thus it seems that even past ambitions to show what he believes to be a voracious con of
the two truths in the aftermath of his decline and the various innovative readings also he.
Exerted a much effort convincing his fellow Tibetan intellectuals to work towards
reviving the medium tradition as it is a pinnacles of what is for philosophical assault.
The NZ is independent work.
It perhaps the case that he feel more comfortable reconstructing and straightforwardly expressing his distinctive stance on popular
point without the obligations of the semantical or some textual range which he expected to fill fulfilled in his commentary works.
In general, he divided the DNC into four major topics that are true in the nature of two truth and classification of
two motors or two truths or the models of truth are tortuous or just the one and then authoritative,
some ideological authors and seminal treatises.
We will look at the first three sections as it is the core or as it is his core
kind of expressions of the two truths in a conceptual medium of classifying it.
They are for model like a system. The tool tools, the conventional.
And the ultimate truths are extremely important as they stay.
The. All of Buddha's teaching depends on the tutors.
Here they often cited Nagarjuna's passage, a famous passage in his malama Democratica.
The teachings stopped by Buddha entirely based on two truths towards the conventional truths and augment the truth.
Then the question is what are the two truths in a context of personal income ideological philosophy?
How should we understand the. And we will see how Randhawa answered this questions.
In the NZ. He in our says for autumn at the truce.
The. The first one is called conventional truths because one ups skewer is by ignorance to see assassins
taking editing sorcery or acting for meanings as apprehended until one the realised assassin is.
And this would kind of deceive ordinary beings.
Conventional wisdom in your endeavours to view is a product of is a product as
the product of a mature the being ignorance and the conceptual proliferation.
And it is a pragmatic or functional truths, including language and concept, perception, communication, social construct and alarms.
Although it is disruptive and analysed. But it is necessary because we saw.
Operating in or relying at convention.
There is no ways to get access to the ultimate, the truth.
He sighed. Nagarjuna, he says without the relying on conventional draws, the supplement animals or means cannot be apprehended.
So in this sense, like his students on GABA, he relatively hold optimistic views on the convention.
Not totally, totally kind of rejected as some other Tibetan masters do in this text.
He also highlights that we should not negate a conventional reality.
If you do that, it kind of. Lawrence, we will get nowhere but lose to conventional.
And he goes on to say that the conventional true itself is not the problem is not the problematic.
What is the problem is the substance that any sense to be independently or ontologically existent?
What we really need to do is to get rid of that kind of presumption.
In this way, he isn't. You know, the.
In this way, he is kind of in the line with some capacity.
He has he has kind of, you know,
a positive a views about something that he said has to be we have to senate president totally rejected four of them at the truce, he says.
The second goal is to force the ultimate truths against non conceptual gnosis operate in the line with motives of existence.
Which is the representative of the race. That is not up to me at all, all the time.
What is amazing is that obtains the past. The audience non conceptual gnosis cannot be apprehended through the four possibilities.
The non-existent, you know, non-existent nor nonexistent.
Apple's not boss alone. An outpost. Nor can it be shown as to other through.
Language and salt in the visual. Yogi's intuitive.
Gnosis like the place of useful leads.
It is beyond a scope of language, however.
I like to rub it. It is neither nothingness nor it is the mystical appearance that is illusion.
Apart from this, it is also one reason assault.
Despite it can be experienced during the meditative equal poise it cannot be shown,
and the post attentive as it took the right solar firm or indoors perspective ultimate.
The true is or is the ultimate natures of reality and the perceives by areas.
Intuitive vision, which is free from epistemic a fallacy.
Maybe it's from birth,
but I like to use it because they see these things according to its mode of existence that is devoid of want, logical reference.
They engage. Was a things without grasping at intrinsic existence.
He emphasised that automatic truth is imperatively.
Attainable but not linguistically explainable and is beyond the elastic in the linguistic framework.
He says that it is like useful ladies sexual blessed having the experience but cannot describe what is like.
And then the question is why would they use the linguistic designation if it is beyond linguistic a framework like automatic truth,
emptiness and sassiness? History of responses is that the Buddha uses for pedagogical, or is there a logical reason?
No. We're going to looking at we're going to look at what kind of classification you come up with regarding the Truth Force.
As I listed this year, following the footstep of Indian predecessor, as we know it gives two types of classification.
Is the ANZ for the utmost as to classifications of the genuine tenure bar and the categorise and the and
I'm draw a modern SCOTUS pointed out that the the letter the name occurs in the medium art as Omkara.
That is work attributed to the Baba Vivica and our equal weight.
However, our equal width was equal with genuine automata trolls with automatic resolve.
You say that it's like space pervading all entities has no deviations.
Then the question is how he is supposed to categorise one number.
By citing articles entry into the two truths,
he explains that this debate reference to the emptiness of entity and emptiness of
person as people are 16 kind of emptiness here into sutra that is linguistically,
you know, a fabricated. Regarding the classifications of conventional tools, he said.
According to the article's entry into the two tools,
it is divided into correct convention that will have reference to the function of the lake, like and sound, that kind of things incorrect.
The conventions that is not functional like reflections of Moon and a mirage and so on and so forth.
However, historically, this kind of divergence comes before our attention.
He supported us in support of his argument, but we find, as in the works of any century eighth century yoga charter met him on such like fantasy.
Come on, Kamala.
Sheila explains that the classifications of a correct and incorrect of convention is merely meant from the perspective of ordinary beings, after all.
Both of them are false and deceptive.
There is no correct. Now we're going to explore.
The question is, what is a basic world? Or in other words, what is the widest into the truths?
This is one of the most controversial topics about the media interpretations many Tibetan masters supposed distinctive qualities.
For example, Tom Carper argues that the object of knowledge is the grounds of truth, force, division,
Columbus Think Mere and others Tibetan masters say that the truest self and so on and so forth.
However, regarding the question. We're going to read cases from the ANC, although in the way of the next plan.
Respond to this question. He says the base sense of the classification or the evasions of the two truths is a mere appearance.
Introductions to the middle way does.
That is to move down the standard criticism. Ouattara says that all entities perceives to be either correct or false view.
The bears do natures the grandiose for the rational for kind of the rational nous of for the
dividing them is is in a way in which areas where ordinary people perceive a difference.
The cornea to restore what in the last we read in passage.
It is a mere appearance that works as basic as business or grounds of the evasions of two truths.
As we saw at Teesside versus from some other countries.
Matt Yamagata in support of his argument,
but not kind of elaborates the more on this however and also on the issue of
should this be he think that the mere appearance is the basis of this debate,
the evasion, but it seems that they are rather coincidentally on the same page.
It may not be necessarily the case that really stacks himself and accepted that.
However, this view was refuted by some really scholars like textbook author Domino's APA as a stand in contradictions with some copper.
But he attributed it to what's the subject matter in our dispute.
A question we can raise from a raise for him at this point is that whether those two truths are identical or separate as opposing of fear,
the methods are identical. Then what kind of consequences would lead to a similarly if they are separate?
Why? In what way? They are separate.
We know that from some class point of view. Two traumas are automatically identical, but they are conceptually a separate mutual.
The part that they write.
But some others are still monster in the journal, saying that the two truths are distinct and incompatible and mutually exclusive.
In the USA there's something different. He draws a distinction between to throw analysis and not analysis or ordinary analysis.
In terms of the former and thorough analysis, the two troops are neither identical nor are separate.
He argues that the two truths are identical.
Then there would be the logical consequences that ordinary people could like conventional truths realised.
Admit the truth. Without making any effort.
He also would also here. No, he it was.
And also the follows that like the hautement conventional also becomes the cause of the being ultimate or a lack of the conventional.
Ultimate would be the locus of various emotional afflictions.
If it is suppressed, it would follow, he argued. Even if those yogis realised the alternate, they could not eliminate most of the conventional truths.
And also it would reasonably follows that.
Ultimate would be the nature of the conventional.
Cohesion. However, this tax that he used to support is verses from something in which I also try very statist perceiving two truths.
Neither I or identical or you know, separate is not the proper way if you're going to interest a downfield if you do that.
In terms of the letter, the the ordinary analysis, the tutus are totally separate, as he argued,
because otherwise there would be no tutus and no respect of characteristic or of a truth.
But because. We have a business to trust.
And in many other, you know, deep scriptural texts that they are pro-choice and the and he think like,
you know so if you say like, sir, there is no true truth, then to contradict this.
A statement. That's all for today.
And thank you for listening and for your patience.