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Hello, everybody, and welcome to Jesus of the second term of the academic year.

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We call Hillary here in Oxford. And today we're very happy and very fortunate to have two girls setting present his work for us.

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So to go selling is a Ph.D. student at the Centre of British Studies in the University of Hong Kong, and he's originally from India in Tibet.

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His doctoral research focuses on Indo-tibetan matchmaker philosophy in general and on women.

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My Jamaica philosophy in particular. So without further ado, Lisa Ling and take it away.

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Oh, thank you so much, Jack. Good evening, everyone.

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First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Tejas members for offer me this opportunity

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to be part of the series of talk and to share my work with such a wonderful audience.

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I also would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to our host, my dear friends Jack, who organised and mentor possible.

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As you know, I will be talking about my dear Michael philosophy with particular focus on the talk.

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Forbes Before, but before going into the topic, I would like to talk about his life,

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the backgrounds of his, my Jamaica philosophy, which happens to share his own view.

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So. Yeah. Can you see the screen now?

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Right. But I he was born in the 1347 in there in the Valley, which is near the Southdown Monastery in the province of Ozark.

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In addition to that, by the time he was 18, he went to such a monastery and take a novice voice from the Journal Master.

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Not to mention this is how he got the name was the ring that was on the Lord.

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Which means literally means the useful of wisdom which He kept.

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As for the rest of his life,

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around the 1369 window was to begin to learn the Buddhist classic epistemology and through the lens of Démocrates permanent Vertica,

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and it renews the journals together. Now, what convergence that was agreed expressed on this,

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after making a reasonably good commands of the subsequent art for debating courtyard, according to his biographer,

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was his cosmic personal attendant the sun symbol on one occasion that when was

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dissatisfied with his response to the question posed by his challenge on the courtyard,

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which made him feel tremendously uncomfortable presuming that his oral transformation is from a T-shirt, possibly misleading.

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As a result, he said the of meditation at such a monastery to reflect on his previous learning.

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The interestingly assessed and though there is no records of him taking a part in the public debate about Indian literature.

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He studied in-depth. He learns perfection of wisdom study through obviously a long career from such scholars.

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I'm not done by then, and I think I'll be done with someone giant and the loss of offenders, I'll be done.

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Michael Sharp As from losing sight of Samuel and I'm going on Garbus.

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Winona Mutasa A truck and a WPA pension.

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Ganga. After acquiring a solid foundations and a for a maintenance measure, Buddhist, Indian,

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Buddhist classics in Davos shifted his attentions to make America its own history,

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and most told us that his initial plan is to study Ahmadiyya mock Islam at Ambassador Tim.

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But this master was last at that point, not in the South China.

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So he eventually went to detention or shamanism was its torture at the monastery at that point.

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So he is told to have it. The he is report is to have it told with no other material, including the writings of Michaelson.

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I and I had the events under 30. We will come back to this topic as soon.

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He comes to studies the Brazilian jiu jitsu,

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tantric teachings from various masters such as the US army and Guatemala, just from listing shots of Samuel.

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He wasn't us as from an amateur astronomer gemstone and talking to some Lara's from zazen.

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Martha Benson is also said to have a deeply intrigued by some gruesome mind that his biographers does

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not specific Lee kind of tell us what exactly ruined our stars teaching and acceptance students.

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However, he told us that it is the dance of it is dance of the ring that was teaching courier and he told some

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copper that was banned treasures of West Bend was the epidemic Russia at season monastery 1373.

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Assuming that was the beginnings of the teaching profession, its because while he was in a late Chinese.

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He often offered a class in a private individuals like Tom Carper and to public such

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as near 500 monks and a garden in a two in a one 1400 and his esoteric teachings,

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the centrist on the English Summit of Tantra.

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While his esoteric, esoteric teachings, including the Muhammad Democratica and a chapter Santa Cassandra and as a material avatar,

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attract a lot of followers from monastic ladies.

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And in some of them, one of the greatest of minds in Tibet,

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like some copper kitchens and just somebody and also the for Leahy like teacher or would

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be in a western to by becoming a student and also his communist was financial support.

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However his poorest and of his life around like 13 I 90 requires a key interest in doing retreats in a isolated place.

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This is reflected in the letter and the call of the song of loving retreat by logarithm, which censors on campus from such amassed before his retreat.

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Thus, he decided to retire from his teaching obligation at Santa Ana Monastery and begins devoting himself to religious practice in solitude.

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And. But considering his advanced age and the harsh living condition,

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both the monastic leaders and the lay official of such I are reported to have

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endeavours to this faith to from pursuing this courageous plan but bear no fruit.

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It is unclear who you knows what promotions to such make a such friend the session.

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One of the factors possibly contributing to this is his uncompromising characteristic or uncompromising kind of personality.

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As I will be discussing in our loans, a critiques of on tradition.

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No such a modest disaster due the monastery abbot afternoons on Jacquot a students of the

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John Long Scarlet these as a maturation also of the teachers of the Oriental himself.

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Right was deeply disturbed and he is says to have carried histories and as tourists have in ever since.

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Thus while is to alleviate this tension for him is to depart this monastery of this climate to retreat possibly

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however as he did not completely disappears from public side as you know paret plastic kind of artillery monk.

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He often travels to be to central to western Tibet like or I don't agree and I'm wrong

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but this is kind of a place for retreat with financial support for regional rulers,

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aristocratic families. Why ever? He never stayed in one place for any lengthy period.

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During his retreat, he is said to have devoted a significant amount of time to teaching and exposition and contemplative meditation.

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He maintained this kind of wealth line until his last breath in a song in a restaurant about a doll funeral this October in 1929.

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As of October in I for the voting itself.

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Yeah. And Rinella is remembered for his critique of classical tantra, and a tragic emptiness wasn't done right.

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That is the central philosophical grounds of school in his letters of sure garland.

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And I expressed his reluctance to accept the concept of tantra as orthodox Buddhist tantric system,

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as many of this section contends are in contradiction with some of the shared

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the Buddhist philosophical and ethical or cosmological presentation letter.

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He was responsible by many Tibetan scholars like Tufts also serve to criticise Vrindavan for what he think as his failure

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and to appreciate deep philosophical sophistication of classical tantra and addictions following the footsteps of.

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Of of suffering ruined our lives.

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We could use the criticism against Muhammad, our followers, and as the guardians of instruction, non-violence and trauma ruined our spirit.

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His fundamental promises that any approach of meditative experience and a contrast to

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the for Indian Buddhist philosophical school most of all the also Buddhist per view.

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He then goes on to warns the more dynamic of all of the more Muhammad followers that they have a strong potentialities of being icons to the mogul.

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Yeah, the Chinese Norse Zen master in support of anti rationalism strike, which is strongly described as intellectual motivation.

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What ruined our primary concern is that Mom would have followers because the clarity or stability in a contemplative

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practice with a special insight when we Bhaskar were true and the tranquillity similar to respectively.

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In other words, mom would have followers define the especially insight as mere clarity, which has little to do with a critical the inquiry that.

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Shilpa so in a contrast in a contrast with is current or historical dominant status in Tibetan Buddhism,

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the medium of the philosophies were periods of stagnation in a 13th century because as has not

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been in a had not been one of the core monastic curriculum at that point on the draftees of media,

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amateur decline and their efforts towards its revival is biographies long history more?

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A record from his teachers, told The Manilla Times from memory.

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So there is a Tibetan I put there and the I'm going to for the sake of that, I'm going to meet the translation.

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During my period of studies during the year, I heard that there was only one.

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The attacks on such a monastery, not as I could not believe it was even true.

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And thanks to my dedications module, my texts are perceived to value,

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but notice nowadays is not extensively aroused on my dynamical philosophy for the independent works and the father.

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Five The commentator works here.

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I listed some of them. You see that?

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You have to wonder. I'm working on the essential points of two truths.

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And then the rest of them kind of instruction.

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And the.

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And then those are the he's the terminator looks to the measure my Denmark works engine works like malama democratica and AIDS specific industrial.

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And then you have the, uh.

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My dynamic avatar, right? So in the.

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Enormous bodies of writing works that he produced is evidence of his commitment to the violence of media studies,

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particularly the pass on decapitation.

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It should be emphasised that these come to works are known to as one of the earliest Tibetan literature and as ours being a form.

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It has been circulating in across schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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So there is a lot of disagreement about a wording that was my grandmother come from.

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According to his biography is only small.

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He's a contemporary. I have to. Some people spread a rumour that Linda was my down-market.

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That's not her transmission.

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So in his defence, in our own defence,

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and I would say that he put his transformation into two categories literal transformation and japa and meaning translation to two.

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He said that he was sure that he had the first secure Japan,

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but he was less sure about the second because in his opinion it was extremely difficult to get it.

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So I mean, that is also says to have reached the perfect gender standing of the views of a

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nagarajan i his subsequent commentary including the that Kirti bordiga and etc.,

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etc. but to honour this point to more offers only for factors that you know so as to get this point.

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He says that one is the repeated analysis, which is of a gifted intellect, and the second a previous force of an aspiration.

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And the three is very intensive, contemplative practice for the blessing of three choice.

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We can see that like some copper. I mean that does not to give his teacher any court is for hoquiam's to the see or to get this view.

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That's very kind of interesting.

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The no, the not the tax the the more narrow of social points that I'm translating and also kind of doing research is.

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Is is a new tax. The the full title of the the text is read In the Moonlight of Sensual Points of Touch with Any Naked Dancer.

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A sensory endeavour strives in the text to elucidate on the tutus in a context

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of modern adopting the genre and its undercutting system in the particular.

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I am going to call this tax at the ANZ and I privately it's is is around the 25 pages and it's edition and

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published by a certain income and then copy in the collaborations with the Institute of Tibetan manuscript.

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I go a certain way to do call. All right.

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2015, I think. And unfortunately, the origins of the source remain unknown.

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Assange to editors is neither open to discussing how they get this manuscript,

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according to the caller from in Davos wrote The NZ in a Soldier Academy suggests in the

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Tibetan they said that at the request of his own student called the ANAM got closer.

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And this desire has no date.

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Like many of his other works, but it is likely that he finished it before he left such a monastery in 1390.

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There should be no this that excerpts from now. Of course there is a request.

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Then this stuff is not explicitly clear what motivates.

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Inspiring the ones who wrote exclusively on iTunes for us in this manner.

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However, given the Symantec threat, we can accommodate two possibilities doctrinal and historical use.

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And many of you know that the two truce becomes one of the most attentive topic

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dominating a Tibetan philosophical discussion in a firm like 13th century,

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or possibly maybe earlier than that.

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This inevitably provokes some AI novels or various interpretations that the stray verse from what Randhawa considers to be

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the authentic meanings of two elucidated by the permanence media manga thinkers such as on his commentaries on the critique.

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And the most striking example is the great Scott Torba a few decades before him to compose similar works on the two tortuous and in the title The Sun,

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a song illuminating the torturous. Then he said M.R.I., in which he explicate the two truths, the conventional and ultimate,

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and in conformity with intrinsic and extrinsic emptiness, respectively.

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No philosophical orientation. This philosophical orientation attract numerous scholars, including his own teacher, a novel and as as a motto.

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And so No Labels. This kind of orientation are substantial ism.

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One Shenzhen a current systems for substance substantially verifying emptiness.

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The characterised by he is a contemporary allergy acquires on a kind of a students

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of now alpha top of prose encourage integrated the presentation that is.

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The views of Yugoslavian media are identical on the final point and our strongly oppose it.

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A professor Hopi. You know, copies of them.

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Sorry. The copies of the copies don't describe him as hard above her as he draws a striking line between personally and South Africa.

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But not just that from my perspective, not just, you know docs well forget distinctions of person versus authentic he's also.

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A drawing and a fine line between the yoga shot and Smugmug he say these are two different things.

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He took a great pains in audiences to the market at this two Indian Buddhist school.

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By exhibiting this, they are diverging historical reasons and the philosophical differences for the historical reason as

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previously discussed and contrasting the a vibrant and arguably the most dominant subject in Tibetan schools.

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At the bottom.

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Briscoe's analysis, the media make a study that seems to develop, at least at this time, in the wake of new growing philosophical alternatives.

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And thus it seems that even past ambitions to show what he believes to be a voracious con of

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the two truths in the aftermath of his decline and the various innovative readings also he.

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Exerted a much effort convincing his fellow Tibetan intellectuals to work towards

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reviving the medium tradition as it is a pinnacles of what is for philosophical assault.

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The NZ is independent work.

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It perhaps the case that he feel more comfortable reconstructing and straightforwardly expressing his distinctive stance on popular

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point without the obligations of the semantical or some textual range which he expected to fill fulfilled in his commentary works.

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In general, he divided the DNC into four major topics that are true in the nature of two truth and classification of

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two motors or two truths or the models of truth are tortuous or just the one and then authoritative,

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some ideological authors and seminal treatises.

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We will look at the first three sections as it is the core or as it is his core

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kind of expressions of the two truths in a conceptual medium of classifying it.

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They are for model like a system. The tool tools, the conventional.

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And the ultimate truths are extremely important as they stay.

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The. All of Buddha's teaching depends on the tutors.

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Here they often cited Nagarjuna's passage, a famous passage in his malama Democratica.

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The teachings stopped by Buddha entirely based on two truths towards the conventional truths and augment the truth.

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Then the question is what are the two truths in a context of personal income ideological philosophy?

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How should we understand the. And we will see how Randhawa answered this questions.

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In the NZ. He in our says for autumn at the truce.

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The. The first one is called conventional truths because one ups skewer is by ignorance to see assassins

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taking editing sorcery or acting for meanings as apprehended until one the realised assassin is.

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And this would kind of deceive ordinary beings.

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Conventional wisdom in your endeavours to view is a product of is a product as

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the product of a mature the being ignorance and the conceptual proliferation.

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And it is a pragmatic or functional truths, including language and concept, perception, communication, social construct and alarms.

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Although it is disruptive and analysed. But it is necessary because we saw.

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Operating in or relying at convention.

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There is no ways to get access to the ultimate, the truth.

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He sighed. Nagarjuna, he says without the relying on conventional draws, the supplement animals or means cannot be apprehended.

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So in this sense, like his students on GABA, he relatively hold optimistic views on the convention.

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Not totally, totally kind of rejected as some other Tibetan masters do in this text.

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He also highlights that we should not negate a conventional reality.

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If you do that, it kind of. Lawrence, we will get nowhere but lose to conventional.

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And he goes on to say that the conventional true itself is not the problem is not the problematic.

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What is the problem is the substance that any sense to be independently or ontologically existent?

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What we really need to do is to get rid of that kind of presumption.

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In this way, he isn't. You know, the.

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In this way, he is kind of in the line with some capacity.

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He has he has kind of, you know,

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a positive a views about something that he said has to be we have to senate president totally rejected four of them at the truce, he says.

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The second goal is to force the ultimate truths against non conceptual gnosis operate in the line with motives of existence.

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Which is the representative of the race. That is not up to me at all, all the time.

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What is amazing is that obtains the past. The audience non conceptual gnosis cannot be apprehended through the four possibilities.

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The non-existent, you know, non-existent nor nonexistent.

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Apple's not boss alone. An outpost. Nor can it be shown as to other through.

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Language and salt in the visual. Yogi's intuitive.

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Gnosis like the place of useful leads.

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It is beyond a scope of language, however.

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I like to rub it. It is neither nothingness nor it is the mystical appearance that is illusion.

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Apart from this, it is also one reason assault.

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Despite it can be experienced during the meditative equal poise it cannot be shown,

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and the post attentive as it took the right solar firm or indoors perspective ultimate.

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The true is or is the ultimate natures of reality and the perceives by areas.

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Intuitive vision, which is free from epistemic a fallacy.

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Maybe it's from birth,

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but I like to use it because they see these things according to its mode of existence that is devoid of want, logical reference.

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They engage. Was a things without grasping at intrinsic existence.

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He emphasised that automatic truth is imperatively.

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Attainable but not linguistically explainable and is beyond the elastic in the linguistic framework.

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He says that it is like useful ladies sexual blessed having the experience but cannot describe what is like.

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And then the question is why would they use the linguistic designation if it is beyond linguistic a framework like automatic truth,

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emptiness and sassiness? History of responses is that the Buddha uses for pedagogical, or is there a logical reason?

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No. We're going to looking at we're going to look at what kind of classification you come up with regarding the Truth Force.

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As I listed this year, following the footstep of Indian predecessor, as we know it gives two types of classification.

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Is the ANZ for the utmost as to classifications of the genuine tenure bar and the categorise and the and

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I'm draw a modern SCOTUS pointed out that the the letter the name occurs in the medium art as Omkara.

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That is work attributed to the Baba Vivica and our equal weight.

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However, our equal width was equal with genuine automata trolls with automatic resolve.

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You say that it's like space pervading all entities has no deviations.

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Then the question is how he is supposed to categorise one number.

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By citing articles entry into the two truths,

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he explains that this debate reference to the emptiness of entity and emptiness of

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person as people are 16 kind of emptiness here into sutra that is linguistically,

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you know, a fabricated. Regarding the classifications of conventional tools, he said.

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According to the article's entry into the two tools,

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it is divided into correct convention that will have reference to the function of the lake, like and sound, that kind of things incorrect.

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The conventions that is not functional like reflections of Moon and a mirage and so on and so forth.

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However, historically, this kind of divergence comes before our attention.

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He supported us in support of his argument, but we find, as in the works of any century eighth century yoga charter met him on such like fantasy.

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Come on, Kamala.

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Sheila explains that the classifications of a correct and incorrect of convention is merely meant from the perspective of ordinary beings, after all.

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Both of them are false and deceptive.

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There is no correct. Now we're going to explore.

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The question is, what is a basic world? Or in other words, what is the widest into the truths?

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This is one of the most controversial topics about the media interpretations many Tibetan masters supposed distinctive qualities.

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For example, Tom Carper argues that the object of knowledge is the grounds of truth, force, division,

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Columbus Think Mere and others Tibetan masters say that the truest self and so on and so forth.

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However, regarding the question. We're going to read cases from the ANC, although in the way of the next plan.

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Respond to this question. He says the base sense of the classification or the evasions of the two truths is a mere appearance.

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Introductions to the middle way does.

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That is to move down the standard criticism. Ouattara says that all entities perceives to be either correct or false view.

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The bears do natures the grandiose for the rational for kind of the rational nous of for the

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dividing them is is in a way in which areas where ordinary people perceive a difference.

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The cornea to restore what in the last we read in passage.

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It is a mere appearance that works as basic as business or grounds of the evasions of two truths.

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As we saw at Teesside versus from some other countries.

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Matt Yamagata in support of his argument,

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but not kind of elaborates the more on this however and also on the issue of

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should this be he think that the mere appearance is the basis of this debate,

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the evasion, but it seems that they are rather coincidentally on the same page.

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It may not be necessarily the case that really stacks himself and accepted that.

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However, this view was refuted by some really scholars like textbook author Domino's APA as a stand in contradictions with some copper.

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But he attributed it to what's the subject matter in our dispute.

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A question we can raise from a raise for him at this point is that whether those two truths are identical or separate as opposing of fear,

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the methods are identical. Then what kind of consequences would lead to a similarly if they are separate?

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Why? In what way? They are separate.

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We know that from some class point of view. Two traumas are automatically identical, but they are conceptually a separate mutual.

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The part that they write.

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But some others are still monster in the journal, saying that the two truths are distinct and incompatible and mutually exclusive.

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In the USA there's something different. He draws a distinction between to throw analysis and not analysis or ordinary analysis.

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In terms of the former and thorough analysis, the two troops are neither identical nor are separate.

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He argues that the two truths are identical.

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Then there would be the logical consequences that ordinary people could like conventional truths realised.

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Admit the truth. Without making any effort.

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He also would also here. No, he it was.

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And also the follows that like the hautement conventional also becomes the cause of the being ultimate or a lack of the conventional.

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Ultimate would be the locus of various emotional afflictions.

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If it is suppressed, it would follow, he argued. Even if those yogis realised the alternate, they could not eliminate most of the conventional truths.

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And also it would reasonably follows that.

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Ultimate would be the nature of the conventional.

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Cohesion. However, this tax that he used to support is verses from something in which I also try very statist perceiving two truths.

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Neither I or identical or you know, separate is not the proper way if you're going to interest a downfield if you do that.

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In terms of the letter, the the ordinary analysis, the tutus are totally separate, as he argued,

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because otherwise there would be no tutus and no respect of characteristic or of a truth.

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But because. We have a business to trust.

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And in many other, you know, deep scriptural texts that they are pro-choice and the and he think like,

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you know so if you say like, sir, there is no true truth, then to contradict this.

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A statement. That's all for today.

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And thank you for listening and for your patience.