For. So welcome everyone to the first meeting of Trinity Church 2023.
And it's a great pleasure to have Rainier along allow back again, this time as a doctor.
Dr. Rainier, a long life since he spoke to us. He's gained his Ph.D.
And it was a very brilliant page, by all accounts. So let me introduce you to those of you who weren't here before.
Rainier studied religious studies at the University of London and received his M.A. in Central Asian Studies from the Humboldt University in Berlin.
He's a. Dissertation focuses on late medieval clan genealogies done grab and was written within
the framework of the interdisciplinary comparative project visions of Community.
The Present. Granier is the main researcher in the project who just narratives and Tibetan ethno genesis,
which focuses on the textual and social history of a widespread origin narrative of the
Tibetans and its implications for the historical study of ethnicity and nationalism.
His research interests include Tibetan kinship, social history, ethnography and philology.
Virginia over you. Thank you for the introduction and thanks for the invitation.
It's a pleasure to be here and to see familiar faces in the audience.
So today I guess I'll be taking the seminar into a slightly different direction again after the last few instalments,
which were more of a comparative bent and looked at the broader neighbouring cultural contexts and also
broader influences that may explain how treasured literature as it as it is known in Tibet came about today,
will take a more focussed book on specific treasure works within Tibet.
So I went to. They too passed for stations chiefly.
First, though, briefly introduce some of the chief sources I'm working with and we'll be talking about and how they present themselves.
Vis a vis sutra and other types of scripture. Then I'll show a few practical examples of how they cite and use Sugiura.
Then there'll be a bit of a more abstract part where I look at some of the themes
that may derive from Sugiura that influenced the origin story of the Tibetans.
That's number three. And then finally, I'll be looking at.
Some of the Sioux Trust did get mentioned repeatedly across these sources yet that are not known to us anymore.
And see. To what degree?
These sources, these were the sources that we no longer have access to may have been involved in creating the mythology
that we see across all these types of treasure literature associated with something important,
technical problems. I'll be saying slide a lot, which will then cause Anna to move the slide on.
And I could you. Move ahead, please.
So the source that I'm looking at our chiefly these early second millennium treasure texts associated with Empire,
something ascribed to something gone. So chief amongst these are the American Moon, as it is mostly known and the Cochin Kokumo.
These are two rather different works. So the money components are work itself work.
In the narrow sense, it's a collection of various texts. And one of the chief texts in it is the work achievements, the grand, the great history.
So yeah, the money can boom. And chief amongst that in that collection in the Gorky chain was the great history.
And the Great History is basically a large collection of stories concerning look at this forum and it chiefly focuses on at it as such.
Whereas the kitchen procurement is more about something people also considered an emanation of FATA,
but that's very much focussed on Tibet, the Kakuma.
Whereas the money comes as a somewhat broader cosmological perspective and also
chiefly on the side will be looking at various other works such as the percussion,
which is a text in 35 chapters that has been recorded on microfilm by the Nepal German Manuscript Preservation Project, as well as some other.
Texts recorded by them. And as you work on these sources,
it turns out that you really cannot work on them individually so much because all these texts seem to have at some point touched each other,
influenced each other. So I've worked quite a bit on the culture of Kakuma, and there's an article forthcoming on the textual history of that work.
We look at the different excellent manuscripts and.
There, for instance, you'll see that the text. That there are citations.
That are affixed to it, for instance, and in other witnesses you will find them embedded in the text.
You'll also find them embedded in the mine.
You'll find them embedded in, for instance, the memory numbers and key number in the historiography attributed to Yamato.
And many of these texts share bits and pieces of text,
so they're very much interrelated and the textual histories have not been worked up for the yet and for the current curriculum.
I've tried to do that with the available manuscript material that we do have, one that has not yet been done.
And it also seems to be a bit more difficult because that text as opposed to the custom block printed and that seems
to have muted a lot of the different manuscript witnesses that must have existed prior to the work being printed.
Yes. So these sources all are quite.
Unequivocal about their reliance and agreement and based in sutra material and other scriptural sources.
So we're talking to track down to date on the. So one of the most conservative witnesses of the culture of Coca-Cola.
So this is one that has hardly been used or looked at at all in the literature that commences with a homage to Italians.
And then I've looked to Sephora and it says something along the lines of emanations, of opportunities that are unimaginable, unfathomable.
It's the first two or three lines. Then it goes on to say, How do we know this?
And then refers to, first of all, the cuts in Kakuma itself.
And this is also known. There it is. How do we know this is known from numerous through trust, though.
So here is just the actual the little archaic spelling elementary, the thought that we know it is known from viewers through tricks,
which are the word of that photographer and from the testamentary document of King Charles said, emanation of Earth.
Look at this one. So this is a reference to the work itself, the custom procurement.
And it seems to be this the testamentary document seems to be the older name for the term.
The name came about only later, and it's not used in this witness of the text.
Much about Africa for them has also been related into Sudan's current of you are the white lotus which is the sadhana from the Rega,
the truly nutso Pedro to pull the Rekha and a number of a girl per temple and so on, as well as in numerous countries.
And you can try to move the slide. Yes.
Wonderful. Perfect. And the money come boom also signals the large role of scripture.
So its first collection was made up of cycles.
The collection is called the Water Cycle, so this is quite obvious that it rub shoulders with children.
And originally, if the index indexes of this collection are any indication,
the Duke or the Sutra cycle seems to have been made up of this great history and two scriptures.
So the two scriptures are the current of U.S. Sutra and what is in Tibetan known as the chuckling gentleness.
So this is a dichotomy text under a thousand armed thousand I'd four of other British foreign.
Now, not only that. The.
Burger chain, the great history. It's made up of 36 chapters,
and four of these explicitly use the word supra or tundra and like one chapter discusses
a list of 22 trials associated with of look at these and cites or paraphrases from them.
Whereas yet another chapter just lists the places where these 21 structures were spoken.
So slide, please. So it's very clear that both the accord and the great history so chiefly focus on the great history.
Again, are there presented alongside Scripture, but also as being inspired by Scripture.
And it's obviously a tough point, an important point as well, that the purported author something was considered an emanation of our forum.
So when you look at that citation from the Kakuma, for instance, we know this,
we know it from the testament of the emperor and we know it from through trust.
This really kind of seems to weaken or soften the boundaries a little bit between
what constitutes the rationale for if something is a bodhisattva and his word.
It can perhaps be considered too large to be equal to Mr. Trump.
So it's actually interesting how it presents itself alongside a list of food trust flight, please.
So now we'll be looking at some practical instances of where these sources actually cite and use scripture.
So very interestingly, the just conservative redaction of the Kakuma,
it opens up with this to not associated fractal imagery from the other comes across.
So what I mean by this fractal imagery is you get this picture of a group that with worlds being created and in these worlds other worlds appear.
In these worlds, numerous manifestations appear like a reverse of like one of these Russian nested dolls.
And is this that's known from the Democrats who would run. In fact, it explicitly references it.
Slide, please.
But the interesting thing is that here it does not centre around virtue or not, even though it mentions stuff the Democrats who travel its stars up.
Look at these foreign. So this is a motive that we'll keep running into whether sources are being used and relied upon.
Yet their representation doesn't quite align with the canonical versions of these texts we know.
So they become more if we look at this for Iraq after we get terrorised, so to speak.
Slide, please. Then.
The Great History also uses such imagery to describe a look at each party's activity and interest as it goes a little bit further.
So beyond words that are imitated, so are Tibet and Sultan Gumbel and his wives.
This passage has been translated by Capstone, and he rightly considered that a very interesting passage,
because it really ties Tibet into this larger Buddhist cosmology involving Buddhist duties to India, then Tibet.
So it really moves away from seeing Tibet as this isolated place, but ties in to this broader cosmology.
Slide, please. The same thing is happens in this percussion.
Where, again, you get this as again mentioned by name.
Yet the star is often pretty far. A slide.
Then the Kakuma also produces the Koran of you are to help frame the origin stories
of both Africa differs engagement with Tibet and the Jewish community statue.
So the way it does this is quite interesting. It's quite subtle really.
So it presents a, an episode where I look at it before I speak into Amitava Amitava dispatch his application for it to go check up on shocking people,
the Buddha because he realises he is about to die and he sends them off to ask him to please stay living.
So he travels to shock him when he. And then in the Kakuma in search of passage where we find the bodies of survived never an fish coming.
Expressing the desire to go see other British foreign.
And wondering about the qualities of the British FA. And this is from the Koran.
If you are sutra and the text says so as well.
So here in the middle of this narrative, you get a reference from the Koran you have and it's name dropped.
And then the text goes on to say at that very moment and the story goes on and they start to arrive.
So now we're outside of the ground of you are.
But the story goes on and I've looked at each one of them, ends up being charged with money by U.S. money to go into Tibet.
There are good days where I ask [INAUDIBLE] would you please take because you haven't been to Tibet yet.
The Tibetans have not been tamed. You should stay.
Your task is not complete yet. And the Buddha goes, That's on you.
That'll. That'll be your job. That be your task to fulfil in the future.
Then people also ask, So if such money is to die, who will tame the heretics?
No these types of worries his followers have. And in response to that, also statues are commissioned.
And this is to Georgia, the Jewish icon when his statue.
So here the current view was briefly inserted to give this entire narrative to imbue it with the authority of the centre.
Slide, please. We also find.
Marla. In the kitchen.
We're in the great history. So this story is quite well-known.
It's a famous Buddhist narrative that appears in various forms across a bunch of scripture in Tibet.
Arguably, it's best known from the sewage of the wise and the foolish that some really don't.
And there again, the story features shocking features shocking when he put up.
Who encounters a person who has been duped into murdering a thousand people in order to.
Attain rebirth among the plasma gods.
So this figure is misguided by his heretic teacher and he killed a whole bunch of people to attain his goals.
Then after he was murdered, a 999 people, he's about to kill his mother.
The thousandth person to attain his goal is a disappointed chuckling when he sends an animated monk.
Who distracts, who decides who killed that monk and goes after disseminated monk.
But he can't get closer. And the monk speaks to him.
Klimala tells him, You have been duped, you have been misguided.
What you are doing is sinful, and upon hearing this angrily materialises,
realises his mistake and becomes a follower of the Buddha and even attains enlightenment in the end of the story.
Slide, please. The interesting thing now again, in the money come the story of angry, modest, rather centred round of lucrative farm.
So again, we find scriptural precedent which gets presented in a different way, reframed around of look at Jewish Pharaoh.
So here the story goes, all money to me. Next, the body that found Lord of Compassion area.
What I did as follows Because are erratic with wrong views at all.
The short, strong and ugly matter. They would become a Buddha if he murdered a thousand people.
He killed 999 people when he was preparing to murder the one remaining person to be killed.
The Lord of compassion. Aria of looking that looked on with compassion.
He emanated as the sun took some good up and said to unruly Milo was set to experience the suffering of coursing around 18 held realms.
All money demon. Thus unduly modest suffering from heat turned into well-being,
and when the thought of the lion's strength arose in the attain unsurpassed enlightenment.
This is the first chapter on Uncle Émile being taken out of [INAUDIBLE].
So here, clearly the story gets revamped. Instead of shock to him when he Buddha emanating a monk,
we have of reputation for emanating a Buddha in rather than a brief but dire sermon on the sinfulness of his actions.
It simply uses the six syllable mantra, or Moneypenny, which is the mantra of Abdul Kadesh Fara in the Koran of us,
who, through this source, is eminently important, as we will see a slight piece.
Now something similar happens in a quote from the opportunities for a not so subtle CA just 108 names of lubrication.
This is also among the 21 scriptures that are repeatedly referenced in the language and other sources as well.
So in this passage you can click on the next slide already on a.
Praising Africa days for Abyei has 108 names, promises a range of benefits.
So here you can see. And one who does that will be reborn.
In bad realms will not be. You will not go to a VCE Hill.
Whoever gets up in the morning and reads it or has it read or recites it.
His body will not contract. Leprosy will won't get lung disease.
When you die, you'll be reborn in poverty. You will remember your births and so on and so forth.
A slide, please. And this very same passage is also cited in the great history.
So here the you on the line text is. Very much what we read just now.
There are some differences in in the exact formulation, but it's clearly the same passage.
And the sources mentioned as well, the ten that's accepted or subsumed, probably 180 names.
Now you can move to the next slide.
The interesting thing here, though, again, the benefits do not come from the 108 names, but from the mantra Money, Moneypenny, you know.
So once again, who tries used? But it seems to be bent in the direction of the money companies chief aim which is.
To promote the mantra or make them young. It's not quite obvious to me to what degree there is conscious authorial intent behind all these changes,
because many of these citations seem to, of course, from text to text and there.
Are obvious mistakes that enter in the accrue.
Transmission errors. Sometimes citation particles turn into or get turned into paraphrases.
So there are many. Yeah, it's very unclear whether this person sat down, had this to track,
changed it, or rather whether they had access to this citation from elsewhere.
So for the interesting thing, this thing this very citation also appears at the end of Groucho Wong's when he.
And there, too, it says humanitarian.
So it's clear that at least one of the two is likely to not read the soldier, but they take the citation as they find it and use it.
But it fits the larger project of the work.
The slide, please. Now.
Many chapters of the great history are. Straightforwardly based on passengers from the current one.
So some examples. And this is not an exhaustive list.
Chapter 11 is the body's up far short of any pattern of his coming and his quest for the mantra of money from evil,
which is what the he was really at heart about his quest for this month the.
The Chapter 26 focuses on African Jewish pharaoh, who, in the form of a man, visits a destitute, poor and suffering diva,
asks him for food, and he says, I don't have anything I can give you, anything you please go look in your house.
And he enters to only to find his rooms overflowing with food and riches.
And this then leads later on into chapter, into a brace of quotation from the chapter 27 is obligated for saving 500 traders
from a fractious invested island in the form of the worst King Abdullah.
Chapter 22 as allocated for our rain food from the sky to tame meat eating beings in Magadan in India.
This is also from the ground of you have. And Chapter 23.
As I've looked for, I've travelled to Single Island as a black man boy and marry these rock rocks to see women in order to tame them.
Slide, please. Now let us now have a look and take it from a different tack and look at some of the
differences in the origin story of the Tibetans as we find it in the great history.
So there are two, two main classic sources for this origin narrative, which is quite well known,
I'm sure you've heard of it, where the Tibetans supposedly descend from a monkey and a rock grew like a truck.
Through what? Now the story appears in many permutations.
You can slide. But there are notable differences between the Akuma and the Monica.
So the cocoon, the conservative version of it, does not use all money at all.
Not a single time, not in all its pages. It doesn't use them under.
It also has the monkey and Jimenez first have a single child, which then become four and then eventually 400, and he's branched off into four groups.
And these are associated also with the Four Horns of Tibet, but also with the young IMU.
So there are four internal groups of the ancestral lands of Tibet.
So the number four pops up in the Kakuma. Although in the early redaction of the Kakuma, the monkey is just a monkey is a Buddhist.
It's a monkey. He's not a rookie. Dishwater. No in the money.
Come boom. All of this changes. So the story immediately opens up the.
The offspring goes from 1 to 6.
And this seems to be a case where the demands of narrative symmetry change the content of the work.
So six mirrors the six syllables of the six syllable mantra, obviously, but also the six realms of rebirth.
And this is explicitly cited. So they get six children.
They get six children. And each one of them is reborn from a different realm in the universe.
And it also mirrors the six perfections, which also appear in this version and in this version of the origin story.
And Monika. So here narrative symmetry seems to change.
The number of offspring from four. Two six.
And this also actually, interestingly, returns India in the Tibetan flag.
So the Tibetan flag has six sunrays. And the official symbol logical explanation of that is that it represents the six original clans of Tibet.
So if my reading here is correct that India's very current of you were in infused setting,
the narrative was again slightly changed much in the way that we saw with the previous stories.
The number of claims moved from 4 to 6. In likely emulation of these Buddhist notions and Buddhist themes.
The Sixth Woman Through the Six Realms of Rebirth. The Six Perfections.
What also happens in the money is that the monkey becomes becomes equated with other lucrative foreign.
And this is yet another instance where you see text perhaps influencing each other,
because then in later productions of the cartoon, the monkey also becomes dishwater.
But originally it seemed to have not been. Then it also inserts Buddhist sermons.
Which also picks up on this.
Theme we find in such a book is that fans engage with people they want to team by through gifts, material gifts, and through gifts to Dharma.
This is also mentioned in this origin story where these four are charged with taming the Tibetans through material gifts and through gifts of Dharma.
But the letters I really followed up on in the Kakuma.
But it gets picked up on in the camp and then you get a lot of drama content added to this chapter.
And slide, please. And the interesting thing in these changes is that so now in the money cam boom,
we actually find a police officer himself marrying a bloodthirsty, sexy.
So the Roxy herself becomes more bloodthirsty. So in the CARCAMO, she is surely a violent and bloodthirsty being.
But she is. She threatens to commit suicide if the monkey does not bear with her, does not meet with her.
So she says. You should meet with me. And if you don't, I will die right here.
And I will die filled with hatred. And therefore I will surely be reborn in [INAUDIBLE].
And that will be on your conscience. Surely keeping your vows and doing your meditation thing in here.
But that happening is worse than you just marrying me.
And then he goes off and speaks to abductees forever and gets permission and marries her.
And they get children. But in the money come, woman.
It's the it's put the bodies out for himself, obviously, who now meets with the reactions to the sin.
And so this is interesting. So some of these themes, they really seem to be present in Kakuma,
but I wonder they certainly become more pronounced here when you consider the fact that the
current of you are so important in giving direction to the narratives that we find in them.
When it comes to the fact that here it is, the poor result from Mary's advocacy, that's an element you also find in the Koran, the fewer the wary.
Turns up they want to marry him and he does. He says, I will marry you if you will give up your if you will abandon your bad ways.
And they do. So he uses it as a means to civilise bloodthirsty beings.
Yet another nice little detail alongside the introduction of the six syllable mantra and the number six and the bodies of himself being the chief.
Missionary agent. From that.
There's another interesting little overlap with the current viewer, because that clue contains a chapter that we briefly discussed just now.
Where? It introduces five types of agricultural produce.
And this is also an element we find in these origin stories of the Tibetans.
So I wonder whether some of these elements actually derive from Buddhist scripture.
You can move the slide. And I'll come to the final just point and I will be touching on some unknown scriptures.
So the grade two history repeatedly invokes a set of 21 scriptures I've looked for.
I already mentioned this briefly before. Parties are grouped into a set of 14.
Which hour of look days for I related data needs.
And a group of seven scriptures that are described as soon as you could tend to.
They didn't think it so so draws on the benefits of hearing the name of architectural.
The first. That is listed off the set of 14 is The Gentle Museum,
which is the text that was included in the sutra cycle of the money come the first
text of the second set is current of you were which was supposedly also included.
So these are two important works. Some of the other names are rather mysterious and enigmatic.
So there are. A few that are quite easily identified.
And some that I still have not been able to identify. They also use different names.
This is not completely unknown. This is not unparalleled that soldiers have multiple names.
But if, for instance, references one send up also Dampier do so.
The soldier, the thoroughly teachers, the list of names.
And I have never heard of this name before, and I couldn't find it anywhere either.
But there is a citation and that clarifies that this is in fact a reference to the kind of you are sutra,
which has a chapter that focuses on opportunities for. Got a slide, please?
Yeah. So. And you can move onto the next slide as well.
So these seven include the Koran, the shooting incident, one recount, another one, Erica Putra, probably the corona.
The recap, although the citation is hard to trace, nobody here.
I want to focus on two that are cited throughout like throughout much of this literature.
That have proven elusive to me anyway. Slide, please.
So the first one is to not talk radio. So this work is cited or at least mentioned in numerous early Tibetan works.
So I've come across references,
references to it in the money come in various reductions of the kitchen cloakroom up in different places and in different contexts,
sometimes with citation, sometimes without.
It's cited in the memo announcing that it cited in young gross or the historiography attributed to Young another.
It pops up in these other. Susan Gumbel.
Testaments that have been recorded by the Nepal German Manuscript Preservation Project.
So it seems to have been. A rather well-known works at some.
Bunch in the tradition, it was certainly quite well known.
With this, like some of these other sources appears under a wide variety of titles.
It makes it more difficult.
So these include true not so pedal to long spell differently not saltwater not torpedo talk troubadour true moon paratrooper do.
And then you get references where you clearly have the same setting with the name of the subject changes.
Then you suddenly they talk about the parts and do. And that also appears in a variety of names of true but certain two parts touching it.
All parts are true. For instance. And it's it was unclear to me in the beginning whether this actually refers to the
same two or three because two different contexts or just different readings of that.
But in the end, I think this letter is actually a different sort.
So we're dealing with the true nuts. So. You can move the slide if you.
If you would honour. Know there's one long citation in there in the Monica.
Where the content of the citation maps quite well. If the contents of a text that is preserved in the control.
Twice, no less. Although quite interesting one took a young she was also the Diana named mother of aria and look at this photo.
You can move the slide again. But there are some problems with this.
Because. The.
It's when you look at the student in the cannon, there's no indication whatsoever why this should be called to not talk about.
That's one thing. Second of all, the citation is that in finally, where is the money come in another chapter.
It's quite clear about the setting of this. True. Not so, Pedro, which is Mount Malaya.
So this is a bit tricky. And then we find a second citation which indeed seems to reflect a different text.
We can move to the next slide. And the other citation is this one here, and that gives us an impression of the contents of this truck,
which was so widely referred to in this early literature.
So at that time, the bulk of upset at the peak of Mount Malia. A retinue of countless staffers, as expensive as the ocean's become,
emulated him and then set down the bucket that began to speak on the great virtues of for quote.
So this is now the Buddha speaking about every British.
But the one known as I view British fries foremost among bodies, the first in world realms equal in number to the world realms.
The great trickling causes, which are as numerous as grains of sand in river Ganges.
The emanates is 1002 Buddhas and then works for the sake of sentient beings.
Thus has been put forth that to not talk the. So here it states through a trial that we no longer seem to have where abrogation
of features the chief body's outcome even the emanation or source of Buddhas.
So we're very much along the lines of some of the strands we find in the money come from.
It's a source that we no longer know of that doesn't seem to have been retained.
You can move to the next text. And the second text that is mentioned often is the number that.
So here again, it's cited in many works and it appears and with different names here, it's a bit worse.
So we find none what troubadour number they can't put simple digit number triplet
being the group of number watching the door and door to door number two.
So some of these names sound like certain other soldiers, but I have not been able to pin this down either.
A slide. But here again, we get a nice, very long citation from this source,
which again gives us a few of the source material that the trade ins behind the money behind the auditor general in Manitoba seemed
to have had that their proposal quote the duck of upset in the grove appreciate that data from it together with numerous followers.
At that point, magical emanations of reputation were teaching down in the six realms, amazed at the dharma of who taught the bhagavAn to smile.
Subsequently, many rays of light burst forth and disappeared into crown of Ted.
Anonymous said the following to the about. Why did you smile?
Navarro replied. Oh, son of good family.
Right now, the Buddhist area reputation for having created magical, miraculous displays is thoroughly ripening scented beings.
Some emanations went to the data realm and are teaching other.
Some emanations went to the US who are around and are teaching Dharma. Some emanations went to the human realm and our teaching dharma first,
which is to the best ends first thought we gathered them with material gifts and then it completely ripened them with the dollar.
So here again, you get this element that you also find in the origin story of the Tibetans.
But this happens in this occurs, many such trust continues.
Some emanations went to the [INAUDIBLE] realm and are teaching dharma. The flaming iron buildings were destroyed.
The Iron family trees toppled to unaffordable river to calm down the trenches with red
fire cooled down to bronze skills broke and turned into ponds covered with flowers.
Some emanations went to the greater realm. Flows of ambrosia flowed from the ten fingers of their hands.
Rivers of divine ambrosia flowed from the ten toes of their feet.
Rivers of ambrosia flows all their force. And thus.
They satiated all hungry ghosts or predators?
Some emanations finally went to the animal realm and went inside the animal's
ear canals and proclaimed obedience to the Buddha's obedience to the Dharma,
obedience to the Sangha. Obeisance to how they look at dishwater.
And by doing so, all these animals after passing on were reborn among gave us and humans.
So here we seem to have to try where again after British foreign is.
Chief. Is so true. Power is unparalleled.
He travels to all realms. And interestingly he is invoked alongside the three Ratana as well.
So stars now alongside the Buddha, the diamond, the sun.
And there is another citation from this text, which is more interesting even.
And could you move to the next slide? And that citation appears in the gun picture in a memo announcing that in the meantime,
you put on the tube and it may occur in other other sources as well.
I would be somewhat surprised if it doesn't, but that's those are the words I've come across.
And you can toggle the next the next slide.
So in this passage, what happens is very interesting.
So what we read just now is very much in the realm of a Buddha sutra, as you might expect one to be translated from Sanskrit.
But in this passage, so again cited from the same source you can see in the lower fields, Tibet appears.
So here again, we have this imagery of worlds being created.
And towards the bottom here, it says so in its jumbled vapour.
So now we're already deep into the creation of these images, of these various worlds in each movie.
But there was a in the right text here.
A barbarian world that is a reference to Tibet in each of these terrain and a gap of sorts annotated on the Moreira two.
So in each of these. Tibet. Emanated it.
KING Sorenson. Gumbel KING Sorenson and his two wives.
And after having made it, they worked for the sake of beings.
So here we are.
If the citation, if we go by the citation and we can get into the details of whether we can, because I'm not necessarily convinced that we can.
But if we go by the citation, so here we then have a sutra that speaks about King Sultan.
And his wives and how they are emanations or how some term is an emanation of our reputation for our in a soldier.
And this text was cited widely. So.
In this suit. Again, we don't have.
So it's very interesting to see this passage and for it to contain some of the imagery that we associate with this early treasure literature.
It is being attributed to a Sutro. And it gets a little more interesting still.
I actually came across a passage just this weekend when I was reading it and just really feels familiar.
I'm not could you move the slide then?
We're in the third chapter of the burger chain. We seem to find like a slightly inflated version of this very same narrative.
But here it's not credited to a sutro. This is standard fare, it seems to be, because many of the chapters, for instance,
are styled after the middle or the the view, and they get changed a bit as to some of the citations.
But when you compare, some have highlighted in colouring some of the shared elements in the upper row.
The correspondences are relatively generic, although this group apart object thing become really it's not quite so common,
but especially when you look at the lower half. Here again you find in the text of the the great history.
Again this doubling rarer in each jumbled viper. You a veteran listener?
Which appears in all the other citations as well. And to the north.
Of these budget arsonists. There is a barbaric country.
We land here. The north north of such rationale is retained in two of the stations, whereas the barbaric land is retained in the other side.
Taken. The lower down, we find the line.
Give us something to look forward to. Memorial to truth. Through again.
We have. This image of worlds being emanated.
Getting good VPA. We could fetch an astronaut to the north of its rostrum.
We get a barbaric country, and in this barbaric country you get emanations of King Sultan and his two wives.
And then they work the wheel of beings that work for the sake of beings.
And to move to the next slide and some of the insert of material very much seems to fit the
type of material that we find the great history inserting we're often name the material about.
Right from the kind of you are. So here he mentions the horse ballet. And 11 faced of look at dish photo.
And in the lower portion macaroon up and damnation of numerous six syllable mantras.
So my hypothesis is that here in the third chapter of The Great History, in fact,
we are looking at a piece of text that builds on a sutra that is no longer extant.
And this is quite interesting because this passage has also been transmitted by Capps to me,
understandably called it an important innovation in America, where Tibet gets folded into this broader Buddhist world.
But if these citations pertained in the percussion and the metronomes that are what we want to go by,
this text seems to not have been an innovation, but have been taken straight from a sutra.
Now the fact that this drop mentions Tibet and it mentioned Sultan may have been
but I'm purely this is all purely speculative now may have been the reason why
later on the Sioux tribe was perhaps not considered authentic and not included
in the cannons because it doesn't seem to have been included in the cannons. And I cannot find it anywhere.
So it seems to be seems to have gone and it seems to no longer be extant.
But then these passengers. Said quite interesting late on the sources that the people behind the money still seem to have had at their disposal.
I know. Could you move to the final slide and we're coming to the end of the presentation?
Just some conclusions then. It is quite obvious that the British scripture inspired and in many instances even provided written material
for this early treasure literature ascribed to swords and customs and when it comes in related texts.
Slide. And very interestingly.
There seemed to have been suture that are no longer extant that may have provided an important impetus to Tibet.
I've looked for a mythology to these treasured texts, which we may see as innovative,
maybe less innovative than previously believed and may have banked on through trust.
Maybe partly localised. Maybe even indigenous creations.
Because who's to say? But texts that were believed to be.
Genuine stories that in part included very much the materials that we find in these early treasure sources.
So that is all from my side. If you move to the last slide, that will be visually there as well.
Thanks for your attention.