For. So welcome, everyone, to the fourth series of the trip to Seminole and our office to the full series.
And we're very happy today to have Professor Solomon Hackley,
who's an associate professor of Asian studies and religious studies at the University of Massachusetts in Boston.
He completed an interdisciplinary liberal arts degree at Goddard College in 1998 and
then studied in theology and religious studies at the University of Pennsylvania.
His doctoral thesis on the Brahma, Yamuna and Shobha Yoga anecdotes was completed in 2007 under the direction of Noga Isaacson.
After which he taught at Concordia University, Montreal, from 2007 to 2015.
His research mainly concerns early tantric societies of goddess cults and yoga.
Recent publications include the Brahma Yongle and Controlled Picchu Matter Volume one,
chapters 1 to 2, 39 to 40 and 83 Revelation Ritual and Material Culture in an early sober Tantra.
Currently, other projects include a monograph on the figure of the yoga in early medieval India and critical
editions and studies of the Brahma Young will debut Piranha and the CoLab on a new NAIA.
So Shaman, thank you very much for coming and over to your.
Thank you. Thank you for that kind introduction and for inviting me.
I'm sorry I had to postpone the talk once, but I'm very pleased that it worked out that I'm able to be with all of you today.
So the topic of my paper is what I'm calling lineage teachings, some tradition in tantric Shi'ism.
And I do have a paper which I'll read.
I hope it doesn't become too, too tedious that way.
So month, month in America or tantric activism envisions the Supreme Deity Shiva,
as the ultimate source of tantric scriptural revelation, whose essence is mantra scriptures of eternal.
Its descent into the world mirrors the creation of the universe revelation as a process of emanation
that begins with the undifferentiated sonic essence of Scripture and culminates in a linguistic form.
The tantrums and all their profusion and cultic diversity.
In fact, not only the tantrums, but all revelation has Sheva as its source, including the Vedas, and in some accounts,
shockingly even Buddhist and Jain Scripture is the prototype for this model of revelation as found first in the Nisswa letters on guitar.
The oldest of what came to be called the sad, the Tundras that is Scriptures of the Shiva, Saturn and its classical form.
This model has the five faces of Sundar Shiva reveal five streams of the Shiva revelation.
The Shiva Vedanta from the upper face and four subsidiary streams Obama considers.
Oh, you did well. Could you could you meet, please, whoever you are?
The five streams of Revelation, the Shiva Santa and the vomit and focussed on tomorrow in the four systems,
both at Hunters and Goddard at Hunters went representing two branches of what some
people call tantric medicine and the more ritually transgressive part of it hunters.
So that Shiva, whose body is mantra,
bridges the absolutely transcendent niche colour shiva and the imminent sacrilege Shiva of many names, the Shiva of mythology.
And this diagram simply shows the five faces of Siddharth Shiva and grammatically,
and the five streams of revelation envisioned as emerging from these.
So the early part of a tantrum is include the so-called mantra,
that revelation dedicated to various forms of Padova, as well as tendrils of the video.
To the latter, at least in cultic terms, are short for goddess oriented.
The supreme deity is a goddess such as Kali or divine couple forms of power and patriarchy.
These shock, though, are goddess oriented.
Tantric sources not only inherited a model of revelation centred upon the male deities that are Shiva, but also a cosmology emphasising male deities,
various mantras fetters and redress who preside over the hierarchy of object principles, settlers and worlds that constitute creation.
One of the questions that has long engaged my attention is the manner in which the
architecture tundras reconceptualize this private cosmological vision and model of revelation.
Today I am concerned with a small slice of this topic, namely some of the ways in which goddesses came to be viewed as sources of tantric revelation.
This is a work of progress. Work in progress, and your suggestions will be very much appreciated.
The baby Arpita tantrums and the koala revelation that followed placed emphasis upon the figure of the yogi or Yogi.
Sweetie. This is a goddess typology shared with Vajrayana Buddhism, as you know.
And let me also note that while Yogi and Dockerty are more or less synonymous in Vajrayana traditions,
this is not the case in Shi'ism, which is why I restrict myself here to the category name Yogi.
In the video Peter by David hundreds the organiser deities of great power and potential danger.
Characterised by qualities such as having animal faces, the power of flight, appearance and groups and organisation, and to clans or colours.
These clans are usually headed by goddesses known as the Ultimate threes, the eight mothers or eight mother goddesses.
Integral to the category you're gaining is its blurring of boundaries between the divine and human.
For this category of goddess represents a state of being. Female initiates could attain spiritual perfection.
The tantric practitioner exotica usually represented as male visionary power.
Bestowing encounters with yoga is called may or may lap a rendezvous or encounter.
Such encounters are arguably arguably the principal ritual aim and VBA systems,
leading to extraordinary powers at the even to apotheosis as part of himself.
More relevant for my topic today is that these encounters could entail yoga knees imparting esoteric knowledge.
So yoga is presented as guardians of Tantric revelation and in some cases as agents in its transmission and the former role.
They are powerful and potentially dangerous guardians of esoteric tantric teachings, even enforcers of initiative secrecy.
So they have this function as as enforcers of tantric secrecy already in the be nashieqa tantra,
which is the only scripture of the archaic leftward stream of scriptures that's seems to survive intact.
Here we find the following warning, and I'll just read the English translations.
I've included the Sanskrit in most of the slides. Also, there may be points worth discussing.
Those who take up mantras on their own non-believers.
Critics of the venue. The Breakers of the initiative pledges.
Desert craters of the Tundras. Those intent on harming the gurus and those who violate the essence of the countries.
They are called Carmelo a violators of karma and are always destroyed by I organise.
The creativity of adding up depicts the danger of yoga and even more ominously saying he hoped would
reveal this ultimate scripture to just anyone as rapidly devoured by yoga any as by Shiva's command.
These warnings echo the dangers that yoga needs and related female beings,
such as shocking these present in the context of cremation ground rituals where lapses or cowardice can prove fatal.
Yoga teams play a different kind of role in the revelation narrative of Birmingham, Ala.
One of the oldest surviving video, Peter Tundras, perhaps of the late seventh or early eighth century.
This narrates the descent of Scripture into the world and follows its vicissitudes over multiple cosmic cycles,
culminating with the transmission of the Birmingham, Ala. Itself.
Here are Your Guineas future and the final stage of Revelation at the end of the Kali Yoga impelled by the Supreme Shuck
the snatch away whatever vestiges of Scripture remain in the world and withdraw these into their original source.
The shark teeth that were at the apex of the cosmic hierarchy.
The organisers, however, are also attributed positive roles in Revelation in the setting Yoga.
Sorry, sorry matha for example, the alphabet or mantra com as identified as a goddess Rhodri or Rudresh Shakti,
and as the primordial matrix of both mantras and tantric revelation.
The alphabetical matrix is also called Yo Guinea mocha.
You're going to through the mouth of the yo guinea. And in fact, this is likely the earliest occurrence of the term in the seventh eighth century.
Later sources including works of the Kashmiri and non dualist chamber exegesis came
to posit that the call of Revelation emerged from a sixth face of Sardar Shiva,
identified with his Shukla or Power, the Goddess, either a transcendent upper face above the upper order toward Atma or a hidden lower face called,
among other names, the netherworld face of the or the mouth of the organi.
Your yoga teacher refers to Shiva's ultimate power, the goddess of many names,
the source of myriad shock, these who pervade the cosmos and acting shimmers polished.
In other words, the most esoteric shiver revelation,
which is sharper in its cultic orientation and tends towards non dualism, thrives when the goddess.
I turn now to the question that inspired the short paper.
As I began to read Scheiber sources connected with Yoga organise for my doctoral thesis many years ago,
I encountered several several variations on an ambiguous promise of reward.
Here is one example again, from the Centennial gates where he met the.
Good job, HAVERTY said about the mediation. But the Kong Sugar yoga says the pervert the the simpler times of in the tea.
This. HARDAKER Aspiring to the state of paint of a Lord of heroes becomes revered in all respects.
The powers of yoga commence for him and he discovers then that he the teachings of the lineage some prior.
Here. This is a generic statement of reward for someone who guards the sanctity of the tantra and of the guru's.
Elsewhere. It occurs in statements on the ultimate fruits of tantric ritual.
The meaning of some paradigms of empathy is not readily transparent.
The root did to know here conjugated in the third class likely means she or he finds or discovers, although learns, is also still possible.
As for some pranayama,
this familiar word generally means something along the lines of tradition or lineage in the sense of knowledge passed down through a lineage of gurus.
We may for the moment provisionally interpret this as meaning teachings of the lineage.
In other words, some paradigms of empathy seems to mean, and he discovers the lineage, teachings or teachings of the lineage.
The very same phrase appears once elsewhere in the city room, at the Thrice in the Birmingham, Ala.
And once in the Buddhist logo, Shambhala Tantra, which is Alexa Sanderson, demonstrates Jo directly drew directly on Shiva sources the love potion.
But a 10th of a verse is almost identical to the city of excrement.
The verse, although it's less intelligible.
Some passages such as said the yoga Sorry mother 29.14 link receiving the somebody explicitly to your guineas.
Not just read the translation. After six months ago, Guinea, born of the clan of Skanda Kartikeya or the Clan of Kumari Grant,
Sydney, and pleased she bestows the sample diet that fulfils all wishes.
This does little to clarify the content of some video,
but the link it attests between yoga knees and the gift of some poor guy proves to be a recurring theme.
The Maloney video throw Tantra at another tender.
The trigger places this blessing in the context of Malacca.
That is the rendezvous between a practitioner and yogi.
Occurring is the fruition of ritual practice. The setting is typically a cremation ground or as here, a holy place, a P guitar, etc.
Then they're in the sacred field. Sometimes the organism will arrive formidably powerful and bestow their respective lineage teachings.
Simpler times welcome spoken.
As soon as one attains these teachings of the lineage, one becomes equal to them in mind and partakes of whatever powers are desired.
We learned from this that yoga needs possessed varied sympathies.
We may also infer that these are differentiated according to closer or clan identities, identities which practitioners in fact also share.
As established at the time of tantric initiation.
Something similar is suggested by the phrasing and the picked up item at the Sara and I'll quote When two years are complete.
Without a doubt, a yoga teacher teaches this topic to her own son Prior.
We find confirmation for this idea and the tender, said Harbour, a slightly later video.
Peter Tantra in the ninth century. And other sources as well.
A verse in chapter 16 of this source clarifies that some are there as something yoga needs give only to initiates belonging to their own clans.
In this case, the key word is a fragment of the divine.
Effectively a synonym of Kula or clan. In this context, it makes.
To quote, She bestows the lineage teachings to a hero of her own clan.
For someone else. After three months, she speaks a blessing.
Here somewhere dire. As one might expect, there's something confined to a lineage and in this case defined a lineage defined by initiate or kinship.
I conclude this discussion by suggesting that, at least in the context of the sources in question,
some paradigm means some paradigm or colleague or some dire teachings of a particular goddess clan.
A passage from the said the agreement that again seems to confirm this interpretation.
The saga causes yoga knees, divine yoga knees, the auspicious, auspicious Shiraz,
the terrible Dominic has and davies and rather dorky knees and docking knees.
They show him the rituals of their own respective clans as they truly are.
Sorry. Some of these categories are not readily translatable.
These are various categories of demi goddess or powerful female spirit beings or goddesses.
The eternal spectrum of being. Here with the goddesses of various clans.
Transmit is not called simple daya, but rather coldly with the ritual procedure of a clan.
That is of a goddess clan. While yoga is typically classified according to the clans of the eight mother Goddesses.
They belong to a wider spectrum of divine and semi-divine female beings.
Some auspicious and others, like Duncan, is at least in shy bosom.
Terrifying. All of these have their own clans and lineage teachings.
Looking more closely at the expression sample of diet and shavers, and especially in the bite of a TANTAROS and colour sources,
a clearer picture emerges of what it might mean to, quote, discover lineage teachings of the Goddess cleanse.
I will first review passages which shed light on the kinds of teachings and mode of instruction that
somebody suggests and afterwards examine instances that specify the precise content of some fertile.
Sheema Raja, a prominent non duellist chamber ex of the 11th century from Kashmir, makes a number of illuminating remarks on the term.
And as commentary on the switch under tantra and an exposition on its mantras, he abruptly pauses to say.
But enough of revealing the secrets of mantra. Yet the alarm month has hit.
McCartney Nina. Thinking.
Let not the same paradigm be broken. I have disclosed just a little some paradise to my buddy Cheney Kim [INAUDIBLE] on really dumb.
Here's something that represents something secret and sacred, not to be disclosed in writing no more,
at least, than is absolutely necessary to preserve the tradition.
Elsewhere in this commentary invokes the category some paranoia to refer to authoritative oral instructions by his teachers.
In places where the textual tradition doesn't provide an answer to a particular exegetical problem.
So twice elsewhere. Shame. Adalja provides an etymology of the word some banana.
His remarks on a verse from the of Tantra are especially noteworthy.
The verse reads, Maybe I'll read the scriptural verse.
Gupta has specifically told the AP, where Sydney Harbour made too smart to her courage w her son pranayama kageyama her remaining secret.
The teaching yields abundant success, so Goddess revealed it would ruin success.
Therefore, the sun prana which comes forth comes forth from the mouth.
That is its mock argument. Oral tradition should be kept very secret.
Shima Raja glosses this as follows Coming from the mouth means emerging from the mouth of the supreme shuck being.
This summer diet consisting of the secret that has been explained above is called
Sarge because it is given me away from the door to summon after properly some yuck.
That's for the sum of simpler than ascertaining that he has had a most intense descent.
Author of Shiva's Power struck me. It is to be kept well-hidden, i.e. carefully hidden, proposing within itself as intimates the nature of tantra.
Some paradigm is secret and transmitted orally. Cammarata posits that this secret knowledge has its origin in the very warm of wisdom,
the mouth of the that is the mouth of the organi the ultimate source of call of revelation.
It is some paradise because it is transmitted only to someone who is experienced an intense
descent of shivers power which proves fitness to receive the most esoteric of tantric teachings.
These etymologies clarify the non dullest shape of vision of some prior as an esoteric oral transmission derived ultimately from the goddess.
Camerata Rogers called the vision of yoga and is possessing secret wisdom beyond the textual canon finds corroboration and an unlikely source.
But again, the brigand dogma a learned scripture of the mature showbiz Vedanta.
In its account of the streams of ship revelation and includes a brief account of a sub stream of scripture called the yolk in the collar.
How the teachings of the organism. Here.
The yoga cola is characterised as secret wisdom maintained exclusively by the yoga and is not
translate the yoga names obtained wisdom that immediately makes the power of yoga manifest.
For this reason it is called yoga. Nikola Cola Wisdom of the organism.
It has not emerged forth from them. The commentator but not in a contest against Kashmiri.
Adds that the yogis obtain their knowledge from Shiva and that this remains among them as their secrets suffer dire.
This side article source makes an important acknowledgement, namely that while all contact revelation is secret mediated by a lineage of gurus,
the revelation of goddess cults is more carefully guarded and more likely to be the preserve of oral tradition.
In the words of the general director, Jamila. The non hidden supplier is knowledge which spreads throughout the world.
Or its subject is esoteric. Some on the other share.
The knowledge of the organisms, esoteric nature. I turn now to a few examples where the content of some PDA is spelled out in more detail.
The giant thing Armada, which I've just referred to, a composite chroma work that is of the cult of Kali belonging to the Vidya PETA contains several
instances where specific tantric practices and their associated mantras are called sympathiser.
Take, for instance, the brief sadhana of a naked donkey faced goddess called Mardaani by a broom banner.
This is introduced as a simple idea. Here, the expression seems simply to mean esoteric oral teaching connected with yoga.
It's a kind of hyperbole, we can say, given that the instructions for the mantra and the mantra itself are written out in full.
Similarly, a scripture of the collar crime called the Order McLaren of a bogus step refers to its core
instructions on initiation as a calling from some pranayama lineage teachings of the Goddess clans,
transmitted orally by yoga knees and revealed in the world by a sister called mean of her or not.
But. Numerous other teachings are also described as sympathisers in this text.
This, in fact, emerges as a rhetorical pattern in works of the croma or consort cult of Kali Mohana Prakash Ranasinghe.
Then the Maha nya Prakash of shifting counter both makes such claims about multiple teachings and emphasise the oral nature of our transmission.
A contrasting kind of sampler that is presented in the tender, said Parva,
a very upbeat scripture that I referred to already of the trigger circa eighth or ninth century.
The term features here in chapter six as one of three kinds of esoteric knowledge obtained from your guineas.
This is really quite an interesting passage. I'll read it in full.
My interpretation of the text is based on Mark Deitch Koski draft edition of the text with a couple small emanations.
What's more, I have taught you the ultimate essence of mantra.
The supreme characteristics of the goddess and the mantra Call the heart of the yoga knees.
You're going to retire. And this mantra, which has come down through the lineage of transmission, is not written in a book.
Rather, the clan and clan based teachings have come down to this world through the clan lineage, Columbia and Akula and Cordoba.
Now, that is difficult to translate, but clan teachings and clan based teachings which have secret meanings are not understood.
But the caller and Catholic teachings are obtained by the heroes of their respective clans,
and that knowledge is threefold, divided according to how it is obtained.
The first kindness. But they show instruction.
The second is some for the higher the tradition, and the third is Coleco belonging to the Goddess clans.
Listen to what comes from home. Those teachings obtained from the home of a yoga teacher are instruction.
Those obtained by from Deity Yoga. These are some pranayama spoken by shiver.
Those given by flying yoga. These are. KALEKA, no doubt.
This fascinating passage offers a three fold tex common taxonomy of esoteric knowledge obtained from yogis based on an implicit hierarchy.
You're is living in the world that is female tantric adepts yogis who are goddesses and critics.
The ultimate yogis who traverse the skies. All three types seem to represent what our sources call central air, usually called separate air.
Though here the term is reserved for the intermediate category of knowledge whose ultimate source is shiver.
In all cases, this esoteric knowledge appears to be imparted orally to some other cousin who belong to the same colour or initiate hoary clan.
Here too. Of course, the categories are essentially rhetorical and theoretical.
The Panthers and Barbour generally delineates even the most esoteric mantras without too much effort at concealment.
The final example I wish to share is from the Birmingham, Ala.
Its 14th chapter is devoted to a mantra called to cultivate the are the Vidya mantra or goddess mantra of the Goddess cleanse.
And a mandala also called the cage hit or wheel of this Sky Travellers.
This is not specifically called us on a diet, but is represented as such a tender teaching of the organic lands.
It is moreover specifically designated as a teaching for female tantric attempts.
One of its remarkable features is its threefold classification of human yogis based on how they received transmission of the call of the mantra.
I'll read the passage. One whose mother and father both possess the wisdom and whose mother would bestow
the quality of the art to her while in the womb is known as a wisdom in the womb.
Eugenie at the age of half of 30 years.
She certainly obtains the wisdom. The mother fully possesses the wisdom, but the father has no entitlement.
She is one born in a clan. Her mother would whisper the colour vivid in her ear for six months when she was born.
After 24 years, the wisdom arises in her.
She and him. The wisdom would arise through ritual consuming the oblation grow to the path of deity worship,
or through conserving the secret nectar, as she is known as the newcomer.
The perfected You're charlatans, said the in this order. Without a doubt possessing vast troves of wisdom.
A remarkable view of female tantric adepts emerges in this passage, which I have discussed elsewhere in some detail.
As this passage indicates, women's attainment may be congenital, predicated on birth to initiates either the mother alone or both parents,
as well as matrilineal transmission of the highly esoteric cultivate the mantra.
Whatever the social reality may have been. This passage highlights the idea that women and goddesses may possess tantric teachings that are
mediated neither by the texts nor by the established male dominated lineage of lineages of gurus.
This is again a rhetorical claim for the Bromyard MLA explains the wheel of this kind of travellers in full detail.
Despite so many indications of the of the oral or even in some cases nonverbal nature of knowledge obtained from eugenics.
Several cyber texts attribute their revelation to the goddesses,
primarily by indirect means, rather than attempting a thoughtful conclusion to this paper.
Let me wind up by bringing by drawing closer connections between my topic and this seminar theme.
I will discuss several examples of inspired Shiva texts rather than treasured texts.
We could perhaps call these secret lineage teachings inspired by the expression Prochazka sempre diya, which Ashima Raja once uses.
These secret lineage teachings include a text called The Order of McAllen, Ava, which I referred to.
A fascinating care case. And the earliest of these examples is that of the Shiva suitor as a vessel.
Gupta. However, this is a work from the second half of the ninth century that was seminal to the Kashmiri and non non dualist exegetical tradition.
Commentators on this work narrate a revelation with several variations.
According to Camarasa, Chavo himself appeared to Verso Gupta in dream thinking Let not the secret some pranayama.
That's the expression rehearsal something that is lost since the world is almost entirely devoted to dualism.
He directed Verso Gupta to a slab of stone on a mountain where he discovered the sutras.
That's a group that was deemed fit for him as grace on account of being Artemis.
But at Nana yoga. And he said that said son Pradeep, a bit like our one whose heart was purified by the teachings of the true lineage,
set somewhere Daya received from numerous Scheiber yoga innings and said thus,
the sutras are scriptural in the sense of origin for Shiva, but beyond the received traditions of scriptural literature and linked explicitly
to extra scriptural teachings of character charismatic citizen yoga needs.
Several later works of common literature. Bear mentioned here as well in the conclusion to is Maha Nya Prakash.
Ana Singer from the second half of the 11th century, claims that the text came from all instructions of his guru,
which were expanded or augmented by lineage teachings derived from a I don't mean Lapa.
The ultimate assembly of Yoga is. Another Kashmiri and work of the southern genre named after its author, Abdullah Naka,
just ascribes its revelation directly to yoga earnings, according to the commentator Ananda Shakti.
The suitors were revealed to the total Ananda during a mohammed Lapa.
Similar expression by Shreddies.
Goddesses of the Karabila Cremation Ground in Ludhiana in Kashmir, SWAT Valley.
I guess the revelation was preceded by another form of instruction.
However, a PE teacher, his first taught Baitullah not a sequence of cryptic utterances, probably vernacular verses and code called choma.
But those. A third related example is the MacArthur Mangrove marsh Warren in the South
Indian author writing in Chidambaram around the beginning of the 13th century.
He attributes his composition to the inspiration of a visionary encounter with the Ogoni Probably a dream.
As Whitney Cox analyses, this unfolded in stages.
First, a liminal encounter with a yogi communicated through mysterious gestures and cryptic words in Maharashtra.
Then a meeting with his guru, who interpreted her gestures and mysterious words.
This was followed by my Haitian Islanders composition of the Prophet verses that comprised the My Heart,
the Monkey, and then by his Sanskrit commentary that my heart demands any mother.
The wisdom of the yoga knees is always several steps. It seems removed from the bounded material form of Sanskrit, the text.
Thank you.