So welcome, everybody, to, uh, our fifth series of the, uh, Tricia Seminar.
And, uh.
I don't really need to introduce a national level, but I think most people know her, especially people who've been involved in the charities seminar.
She's been involved with the and I think from the beginning and has given some talks previously.
I would say Anna is probably the leading contemporary academic specialist on the Tibetan terrestrial deity cosmology,
which, as we will see, has a lot to do with terror and terror.
Uh, she's been working on this topic with David Goldner for some years at Isca, the Institute for Social and Cultural Anthropology in Oxford,
where she's completing a second doctoral degree, a second PhD or DPhil, as we call them,
specifically on the intricate cosmology of territorial deities in Tibet.
But back in 2018, she was already awarded a previous Ph.D. from the Charles University in Prague.
Uh, for a thesis on the pomp of mineral ritual, which she did with, uh, Daniel Boone.
Ski. And has done a lot of field work.
I think in 19 months in Tibet proper. 15 months in East Tibet.
Also further periods in both India and Ladakh. Uh, she's had a number of post-docs and research fellowships.
She was a research fellow in 2022 at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton.
She was a postdoctoral research scholar at the Weatherhead East Asia Institute in Columbia in 2021.
She was a research fellow at the Kit, a hamburger colleague at the Royal University in Belgium in 2018.
She's also published a large number of articles and book chapters, which I'm sure you can all find online.
I think many of you will also know her from the big digital project, the Oral History of Tibetan Studies,
in which there were, I think, 80 interviews with, uh, Tibetan allergists, especially older Tibetan allergists.
And she was initiator and principal investigator of this project from 2017.
So I think that's enough introduction. And Anna, over to you.
Well, thank you, Rob, for an introduction that I don't really deserve.
Uh, thanks, uh, to everyone for coming today. I hope that there will be something interesting in this talk for you.
I will do my best. And, um, let me start.
Uh, the talk is titled Controlled Prosperity. Why People and Territorial Deities Need treasurers.
I will try to answer this question.
There is hardly any place on the Tibetan Plateau that would not be subordinated to a territorial dating,
so-called shipped off or shipped off to a unique user subtype.
And similarly, all these appellations denote a large of place, a date of rebellion, a region, a territory.
The plateau hosts a vast number of territorial deities, regarded as more or less powerful and organised in a power hierarchy.
The most powerful ones are said to occupy the highest glacier capped mountains and to govern large territories.
I will give some examples from Easter, but most of this talk is based on recent demographic data from the regional.
Within their territories. These deities govern the humans living there.
But also many non-humans their divine courts of ministers.
Army generals. Treasurers. Parents. White Sox. Daughters under kinsman and many subordinated deities that formed over to use.
Uh, they exercise power over their lands and everything within, including wild and domestic animals, flora, crops, waters and other resources.
The territorial deities and their written use are recognised to dwell in certain
landscape features and then require special protection and attention from humans.
I'm Uma Chen, the iconic mountain range of East Tibet, once thought to be higher than Mount Everest.
And I will show you a map of the Tibetan Plateau now.
And now we are in East, in East Tibet, the region of colour.
And, um, you can see the, um, the Imagine mountain here.
And, and I'll be also speaking about another mountain peak and mountain range called in you two, which is here further to the east.
So back to animation. Demand is widely recognised to be inhabited by Azure data of the same name.
Some new machines depiction epitomises the shift done by tomography,
a male portrayed as a notable political and military leader, equipped with armour, weapons, jewels and emblems of power.
Some of the lesser deities are female. Um.
Such as? Uh. Such as this goddess of the cock I would like.
And then these female deities tend to be depicted as beautiful ladies and sometimes as half serpents.
Epitomising the blue deities. This is the coconut lane.
Um, here again. Um, with like you.
Male deities are the most powerful and numerous animals worshipped across East Tibet,
but also in central and west, about and now in the global Tibetan exile.
He himself is subordinated to the paramount sacred mountain of Tibetan Old Kailash, and then governs his vast retinue subordinate to him.
So in this image on the left and the bottom under my chin has his retinue of different members.
Uh, who all act as a servant. But you also find much more elaborate, uh, retinue, such as in this image from the temple at the, um,
you mentioned range where, um, you mentioned since in his celestial palace, uh, which is made of gold, as you can see.
And his retinue is organised according to the four, uh, quarters in the East.
I would like to draw your attention to, uh, mean for you to say, uh, who is another mountain deity?
We saw his mountain in demon. And, uh, I will be referring to him, uh, to him in the talk as well.
Both monument union projects and all are so perceived as ancestors of certain communities.
Um, you mentioned is an often a matrilineal ancestor to the adult clan and is an offering to the Gulf clan.
The Gold Clan used to control the historical territory until the Chinese takeover in the 1950s.
Its main party lineage has continued until the present.
The Gulf territory roughly corresponds with the present Gulf Prefecture between Hai Province.
On the other hand, some shipyard 80s are perceived as patrilineal ancestors, and most do not have any expressed ancestral link to humans.
In Tibetan Buddhism, chiefdom deities. Home federal autonomous protectors.
After being tamed by the great propagator of Buddhism in Tibet, or later by other monsters.
Human communities linked to certain territorial data should respect and venerate
a deity and a deities divine retinue to ensure well-being and prosperity,
protection, fertility, abundance, health and wealth.
Chimaera deities who have gained prominence in Buddhism are also approach for such a logical good.
Under these mundane goals, some important talk, like a Mumbai change in Bhutan,
are even recognised to have become bodhisattvas who help others towards awakening the ultimate goal of Buddhism.
People approach territorial as you practice through different ritual actions, observing taboos of purity and on disturbance of their silence,
respectful behaviour, pilgrimage and various offerings by which they hope to foster debate is one of the major ritual activities that encounter.
Tradition can be subsumed under the following categories roughly in the order of the frequency.
Frequency of order for correctness.
Uh, the sound purification or fumigation offerings are very common and often daily performed individually in households,
in monasteries and community, usually yearly. I'd love to.
Karen's dedicated to the cities and located and the science for the 80s.
Well, you can see an example of such around, uh, in the left image.
And you can see the big, uh, pile of smoke. Raising from the fumigation offering.
Can we find the treasure offerings to which I will meet shortly?
A rights of calling the young force of abundance, especially performed at rites of passage.
I will explain that ten people dedicate domestic animals to deities.
Uh thermador. Cake offerings and also charm, mask, dance.
And in the right image you can see I'm much in dancing in a year.
You your charm at a bone pronouncing monastery in East Tibet.
The different rights are often combined. Two or more are performed together.
It is mainly men and not women, who directly engage with the Jupiter deities, due to the deities linked to ancestry that is patrilineal in Tibet.
Who venerates with Chica day to depends on one's father's venerated qibla and one's residence that is more often very local than you are in local.
Um. Excuse me. For instance, dimension don't clan venerates unimagined as the matrilineal ancestor of the clans,
but relying as does the Gulf clan, trading and producing lame men perform their rights.
In fact, by obligation they can be accompanied or substituted by monastics, and this is shown in the.
In the image on the left, where we have the laymen on the right and domestics seated, uh, on the left.
And they perform it together. But the monastics could be missing or the laymen could be missing.
But usually it is. The practice is explained as being mainly on the shoulders of the laymen.
Monasteries perform rites to shift activities within their obligatory daily and yearly repertoires.
From the various offerings, the so-called treasure offerings have not been substantially academic to be considered.
Tutorials shouldn't have deities, especially the more powerful ones such as omni channel and budgeting cards,
and administer many different treasures in their territories.
Um, meaning various substances and objects concealed in the land, taken as precious and often ascribed special properties.
Metals typically gold, silver, copper and others.
Minerals precious and semi-precious stones such as the valued, the agate, stone, medicines and healing waters.
Other water sources. Divine objects such as weapons and others, as well as Buddhist statues, scriptures and other objects.
All these treasuries are cold turned into by some, uh, Buddhist sociological treasuries that help towards awakening our cold,
both terrain thermal as everything else within their lens.
All these types of treasures are the property of eternal deities.
Normally, they cannot be extracted. Their disturbance would be a violent act and some response.
Abundance likens this to taking one's grandfather's intestines out.
As digital deities can be grandfathers and can be equated with the land they inhabit and govern.
It is also seen as robbing someone, depriving someone of their important property for which a punishment will come.
Typically natural disasters or disease.
Many narratives of such treasures hidden in the land exist in oral and written histories, ritual recitals, uh, and as a part of the names of deities,
persons, and places in visual materials, and also in contemporary publications such as football match guides and others.
A common epithet of shipwrecked deities. Escada, uh, Lord of treasures or personal protection.
Treasure. Protector. Shadow deities are also iconography depicted with jewels on treasures.
And if we go back to anew machine dancing and charm,
we see that he holds a treasure base in his hand, in his right hand, as this iconographic attribute.
If we go even further back, we again see the future holds.
Uh, treasure vessel or a bowl of treasures in his left hand, again as an attribute with which is depicted regularly.
And the same counts for animation. We have two different depictions, and he always holds a treasure vessel.
Now I will go back and I will provide a brief typology of treasures through a few examples.
We have a fragile self or ism divide or so-called self or ism,
divine objects concealed by a deity for deities needs that can that can be buried, then retrieved and again burned into deities wishes.
So for instance,
unimagined is to guard the armour up to some legendary can guess guesser who can recover it in times of need for his battles with demons.
And in the slide we see an image of the wind, of course.
Ah. And, uh, this this imagery and this description comes from a recent third image guide to the Omni mentioned mountain.
Also, a gold depository, uh, unimagined, is said to be unimagined.
Golden had done unimagined. Its own arms and armour are stalled and goods on site within his range.
That is shown in the image on the right. There is a goods in use.
A deity, uh, who resides there and who is also an army general protecting his territory.
Most cherished treasures are around June natural, naturally occurring within the ecological environment,
as people say, and they are supposed to remain hidden.
Um, you might choose to guard lots of gold in this land.
And indeed there have been gold repositories discovered.
The first larger scale mining we know of was initiated already in the 1930s by the Muslim warlords,
who then controlled the area of the future Qinghai Council.
Ningxia provinces.
The American missionary, and another for Robert Long, then active in the region, reported to local strong opposition against mining.
And, uh, his boat is also in the slide.
So he runs the gold mining exclusively in placer mining is contrary to normal prejudice concerning district, disturbing the soil and drumming to soil.
Awards in updated subterranean. A number of customers.
Communities prohibit mining altogether and enforce heavy penalties there.
For any unlucky, unlucky Chinese culture caught among the ago.
Of the unimagined range a reason for any violation.
A class observation is still relevant today. Several mines have been opened in the vicinity of Under My Chin.
Individuals from mining companies are killed nowadays, but it is very painful for both both pastoralists and farming communities,
especially surface mining, with large scale removal of underground treasures in turn surface.
This leaves large scars in the land people relate to and responsible for, and it deprives the land of its treasures.
This is how a local lay pastor is. Woman link mining to unwelcome tourism and what it changes much.
And in February to 2015. It hasn't snowed this year.
There has been a strong wind and the soil or dust has been falling for three days now.
We have never experienced such weather here in our lives. In the past it snowed and drained more.
The place is becoming dry now. It is because so many Chinese come into treasures that are being constructed.
They build these roads to take them away. Look how many big cars come here.
They're taking unimagined treasures away. And at under my chin.
With tourism development for tourism. There has been this notion that many of the roads aren't being built to actually excavate only machines,
gold and copper and other treasures that people know.
These violations of the temple of treasure removal that leads to protests, or which does involve involved face arrest.
The issue is so painful that mining tends to be supervised by the local government and and the companies involved.
Public access close to mines is forbidden. There are also narratives of people discovering treasures.
If treasures reveal themselves to certain individuals.
For example, I'm making a story about a presumed important new member this monster circulates.
Once his mother stayed overnight at the Omni Machine range.
In the morning she found a sea stone in front of her.
Because in denied, the omnipotent deity visited her and father to son, signified by a small treasure stone.
This son became a venerated Buddhist masters, master and similar day.
Similar stories are also typical for local political leaders.
So it is commonly said about a strong clinic leaders to be sons of some of these activities are often imagined or enumerated.
Are others strong to. Then.
A special category art or German treasures that served the preservation of the
Buddhist tama are said to have been hidden by impersonal spiritual masters.
Most of the Muslim power in times of religious persecution or war, people were in nature to receive them.
They're entrusted to a church world dating for protection, and her purpose is to be rediscovered.
Only someone appointed by a Buddhist authority, usually usually by himself and a layman, can do so.
This so-called treasure revealer token has to have a good relationship with a given day to to disturb the land and retrieve the treasure,
to avoid punishment for himself, but also for the communities connected with the deity.
He has to compensate the removal with a treasure substitute that some of the precious materials.
This concealing, including reportedly by Putnam, was somehow about himself and revealing of bodies.
Such urological treasures continues until today.
The only matching range is among the popular places for such discoveries.
There are many times both bunker and um, undercutting schools.
Uh, sets to sets to come from the animal range from different time periods.
We see that in all these examples, it is the only amount of data who administers treasures in his territory,
and he has to decide who will and will not have access to them.
If someone violates his rights, it is perceived negatively and bad developments are awaited as a result.
We also see that the treasuries relate to territorial defence and protection.
The lands become detached and procreation. Unpermitted.
Unpermitted extraction seem to cause unwanted weather changes that decrease the quantity into, for example, treasure.
Support the tournament, but the removal has to be compensated to prevent land depletion.
So what notions people associate with these treasures?
Why are treasures important? Why is mining meaning natural treasure extraction so sensitive and the extraction of goodies?
Such urological treasure is so restricted. We have seen the different practices concerning treasures.
They include storing, consuming and concealment, and certain primitive extraction by divine figures or individuals authorised by divine figures.
People have to think and behave carefully to balance the suspect.
And here are some of the thoughts people in East Tibet shared with me.
Their explanations evolved. Around several principles, mainly such a young and touchy.
And these are the explanations why treasuries are important and why people have to think about them.
A recurring view was that if people extract too much soil, the soils essence will disappear.
A campus scholar from the new material that I going to strangle it.
If there are no treasures in the earth, the earth essence of such will decrease.
Conquering budget ahead of the new Malone Monastery in Gaul, noted that the Earth Essence statue is like treasures like gold and silver.
The principal essence of ensuring their characteristic qualities that gives a certain entity the capacity to be that entity.
Fertility to soil. Healing to medicine. Nutrition to fruit and light.
The such essence is the potency of earth. Without it, the land degrades and cannot sustain anyone.
The church is strongly associated with Earth and one people are mostly concerned about with land degradation.
Another force that imbues the land is young. An elderly lady pastoralist man shared when the sheep are dated possesses precious treasures.
Then the data is learned of the precious treasures and it is a day.
Two of the young forms. One can perform the accomplishment of a young and young colleague calling rites to dating.
Young is closely linked to treasures. Young is a potency of abundance, affluence, fecundity, production, and generation.
Land, humans, animals, and plants cannot flourish without young people involved.
Young from the deities regularly and on special occasions, such as its rites of passage on during New Year when someone is ill,
and similarly, this young, when drawn from digital deities, derives from the treasures in their territories and physical land.
Another principle that people often associated treasures with whilst touching auspiciousness.
People support these qualities of the land not only by restricting digging and extraction,
but also by actively enhancing them through offerings into earth and lakes.
A swift example that can be added to the different types of treasures are treasure offerings.
These can be any materials considered precious and ascribe beneficial qualities, often similar to natural treasures,
and that epitomise the true and young forces enduring qualities of sustenance,
abundance and prosperity such as precious metals, precious and semi-precious stones, grains, yak and sheep wool.
Medicines are collected at sacred sites, and similarly most often there are nowadays offered as treasure advisers and treasure sachets,
commonly industrially produced many monasteries and also some not by turn tricks
or medical practitioners on are involved in treasure production business,
and many more people, including laypeople, participate in treasure offerings.
Many thousands of treasures are offered in East Tibet every year, and numerous sacred sites and other sites beneath houses at pastoralists,
campsites, burial sites, and similarly, the treasures not only enhance the given location but also please the territorial deities.
And people explained that these were common views with treasures.
Good soil will become even better and that soil will become good.
The place will become good. People generally see treasure offerings as a universal means to improve Earth, increasing its productivity.
The leading authority of the new material that time on our street.
That card in future offers dozens of treasures into sacred lakes and a sacred universe, a mountain range in God.
Every summer, one of his assistants explained.
Earth's treasures are for the essence of the Earth. Stay tuned for Good Earth Hour, beneficial for the person offering and are good for everyone.
Another new monastic from the area. Uh 28 year old church reincarnate and treasure.
Revealer buried a special batch of 1500 treasures in summer 2018.
He explained. The Earth Essence statue has gone down.
Treasures benefit the land and a given area. Then they benefit sentient beings and the world.
And eventually also over each person. Everyone has, uh, their own wishes, reasons, aims.
Now the main aim is to prevent the destruction of the environment, the degradation of local soil,
which is due to many reasons, including past, but also to prevent famine and diseases.
Soil has become very degraded. Here is just right there.
Now, it was my idea to organise the concealment of the treasures to come, to balance the deterioration of local soil.
Many southern land dates live in this area.
And a ritual text of treasure concealment asks them for help.
Characteristically for monastics.
Uh took his explanation of the practice has integrated the universal mystic Buddhist discourse of benefit for all sentient beings in the world.
Monastics also often had a general merit. Uh, so.
Name and blessings. Jean lamp to support awakening. Still, the main concern was environmental degradation, which the treasures are supposed to revert.
The area is pastoral, pastoral and elsewhere in East Tibet suffers from erosion due to mismanagement
in the second half of the last century and a present environmental crisis.
With treasure offerings. Laypeople were mostly concerned about the sojourner, Earth essence, the young and Toshi,
and several other forces by which, uh, treasure offerings help, uh, in pursuing various mundane aims.
People interpret the offerings in different ways for the well-being they see.
This can be recovering from an illness while finding a better job, other mundane wishes or support on their spiritual path.
For instance, an urbanised man in his early 50s had heard a trade chieftain undergo an elaborate and.
Darren. Different types of treasures. No leisure like earth treasures.
I offered an earth treasure. For a good fortune shall come true and flourishing and optimism.
People treasures should be offered when the stars are benevolent.
And below a mountain peak into sheltered spot. The chieftain related treasure offerings to both general and more specific ideas of prosperity,
good fortune, literally, literally smooth course of things and Tibetan national consciousness.
Utterly. The respondents linked treasure offerings to a different course, which can be also rendered as good fortune no to literally wind horse.
It is epitomised by the small eponymous pebble,
two offerings with auspicious symbols and must been thrown into the air to venerate the shifter and to acquire the force in order to force.
One respondent shared that. Treasure offerings are good.
Whenever everyone faces difficulties, troubles, obstacles such as losing money and one needs to increase long-tum for all these more lota is needed.
When one's long term is, it just goes up and a strong one has a nice life, good income.
And similarly, and the opposite happens when, as it is said, long time goes down.
The concept is close to the previous smooth going of things.
Other respondents also connected treasure offerings to the force of Hong Kong.
Power or strength. My mind that epitomised, uh, rulership, mundane power and the capacity to exercise agency.
One needs Hong Kong for business to become rich, have charisma and succeed socially, or exercise power over others.
Financial affluence also ties to fertility.
Another layman noted. One can offer a treasure for a household of misery without money.
Then we can place the treasure into the house itself, or anywhere into good soil for a household without children.
We can offer a treasure anywhere. Somewhere into good soil.
The idea is that both riches and one's fertility, similarly to the yield of fields and animals, are sustained through the land.
A good soil enhances the treasures impact and is sufficiently pure to hold the offering.
Once the properties of the soil are, and hence richness and fecundity of humans and other beings come as a result.
Similar notions were expressed by Ken for Kenpo from The New York Times, when was in relation to the Chinese occupation of Goa.
He said people here used to hide money, in this case silver coins, when the Chinese were coming.
Often they couldn't find it afterwards and does the hashes stayed buried where they were.
Then later people said Indian producer kept them and they became his treasures like natural treasures where they are hidden.
Many flowers grow also when someone discovered them, people said enabling and greatest treasures.
Here, the treasures constitute a single substance, hidden without ritual, to protect from,
without the ritual to contact them from political invaders for future retrieval.
Yet they become treasures protected by the moon and ancestors dating as if they were initially offered to him or were initially his natural treasures.
Where treasures are good grass fields and beautiful flowers grow.
The absence of such signs rules the Dylan lacks treasures and can also indicate their violent instructions, such as mining.
The forces in question do support and reinforce each other.
Treasure offerings will especially reinforce the Chu and Young if given to signs of the law of alternative forms.
Usually, mountains and lakes are taken to hold divide tighter with certain individual or social group.
For example, the lakes into which that pungent pitcher offers treasures are dissolved.
Vitality lakes and the plan added plans vitality an ancestor mountain onion producing likewise
onion merchants regarded to the divine time to peak on the Don clan and also the whole of that.
Best is to offer treasures in summer at the height of blossom, and animal and plant become 2 to 1.
Differences in the land and contained in its treasure is one of the strongest.
It is also a time of monsoon rings. Some of the people.
Some of the popular treasure ingredients are also associated with the low vitality coins,
typically rare metals and some precious stones made of turquoise and organic wheat.
These notions also figure into recitals performed during the composition and offering of treasure offerings.
They contain passages similar to song fumigation recitals during the above mentioned large monastic treasure offerings,
by accounting pushed into the lakes and by the young treasure revealer interred,
the same ritual text was used the accomplishment of developing organ, progenitor or or organ.
The wealth data organ, uh, is one of the nine forms of the popular awakened in the wealthy.
To some, part of the rite evolves or involves a temporary consecration and a meditative sadhana practice centred on the dating and in the text.
Uh, we find now I don't have the time to read and analyse these recitals, but I will show a few excerpts to illustrate the key concept.
So here in this passage, we see. But how?
How the performers of the rights. Uh, with the key concepts underscored in the slide.
A connect to the deities they're offering the treasure to through the so-called Modack Court.
And the court is then supposed to channel the life force, culture and young force of abundance.
Then we again find good, short and young force of wealth and power, not tongue, which is.
Um. Synonymous can be synonymous to Hong Kong.
But I mentioned earlier, the show is also a force of abundance of often paired with young and dramatic roles.
I have studied Chung Chow does not appear on its own.
Lighter is is common in all narratives.
We also see that in the treasure offerings that the treasure offer, offerings are related to the primordial which have come to sample.
And this passage that figures at the beginning of the text establishes the so-called young state,
uh, in the earth, uh, just a part of some summoning of the young for treasure offering.
Afterwards. The recital addresses some power and some power as this manifestation again for bestowing the young force.
And this is done with a young with a ritual young arrow circled above the head of this to draw young.
And here we see that the recitals ask for attainments of wardrobe again to chart and young.
And then it goes, uh, what people ask for the young of lifespan, of long living young,
of rich herds giving to foreign like cattle to increase the young of clothing, gold illuminating, so brocades.
Thus are these qualities of young directed towards the patrons.
May long life of men without disease have come. May grant growth of cattle without loss.
Richly come may clothing never separate from silk.
Then people ask for additional foods swirling with fat, imbued with oil and nourishment.
Down with jewels, gold, silver, turquoise and coral.
The young of those grains rise within barley.
Thus are the three qualities of being directed towards the patrons may most never separate from tea, beer, and milk.
Who wouldn't like that? May the power and delight of treasurers, of treasuries of jewels.
Come. May the beauty of a vessel filled with the six grains come.
The young is enhanced, uh, here for long life, sustenance, productivity of cattle and fields, wealth and abundance.
The young force is indeed generally associated with grains and not domestic herbivores, horse, bovines, and sheep.
The attainments hunter mentioned can refer to both spiritual attainments but also mundane benefits.
But most amazing is Tumblr is asked to open the doors of the treasury of the Chinese Armed Forces.
He also relies on non-human and female wealth.
Dating in Sanskrit by Sujata.
The practice has several furtive passages of calling the young from organ heart, and generally some, and also from the your.
The text concludes with instructions explaining the benefits of treasure offerings.
So, uh, people step by the decrease of young into territory catalogues and damage by the decrease of young,
the rich becoming poor and sustenance being exhausted easily.
Destruction of fields by husk, frost, hail and other natural disasters.
All unknown species happenings are certain and elated. The enjoyments of the earth essence secure people,
cattle and the sun Linage we see that it relates to procreation, livelihood and wealth, and without poverty,
with flourishing and over mentioned excellences of riches, of merit and abundance,
for the succession of all lives may become a realm of accumulation of auspiciousness.
If you look carefully into the folio with this text, um, you can also see in the colour of parts of this text,
um, this concluding part was discovered or is said to have been discovered as a treasured text.
Uh, um, you mentioned.
Treasury offering practices, and the same notions attached to them have also been recorded, for instance, in The Righteousness of God My Children.
The important chronicle focussed on East Tibet from the mid-19th century.
In numerous aspects the function of the ten uh treasuries and goodies, such as what you call treasuries, is equivalent to treasuries.
Bring in content of essence and different forces of life and prosperity.
General treasuries do not have this association, primarily, at least not as light, and want to enter into interlocutors related.
But it's still significant. Took agenda rights.
Also, it is not necessary that all the concealed, uh, terminals are destined for discovery.
Protest said that, uh, there are some that were concealed for the protection of the doctrine,
for the auspiciousness of the land and the protection of the generations of tatami kings.
And these are not for discovering. So designed to remain hidden.
Like natural treasures, termite treasures, treasure offerings, and journaling treasures are all meant to generate auspiciousness,
treasure of the land, and protection of future generations of rulers.
In his six year old oriented exposition took of unmistakeable links laws to propagation trauma.
Materials presented by Talk Agenda, done by Jenny Jensen and John Mayer, mainly under 13th century literature.
Long straight history of treasure uh channel further by Michael Arison.
Family of the 15th 16th century and bond, Sergeant Coby,
Holly Kelly and until noted only on um recent treasure reveals illustrated thermal treasures have similar properties like said treasures.
Uh, both bring blessings and protect the well-being of communities with restrictions on possible escalation.
Both reflect and support for agility of humans, animals, plants and the environment.
This aspect is also associated with manipulation, which is sometimes accompanied by natural blooming and nourishment witnessed by numerous wildlife.
And this favourable setting for two supports the auspiciousness of the treasure revealed.
For example, when the treasure reveals, come the humble and natural points of active in the active in the 20th century revealed German treasures,
and the more vitality links and in producing flowers blossomed out of season.
The female revealer said I can draw also attention to God, who passed away in 1940,
gained her spiritual powers with puberty and her activities overlapped with her fertile age.
Both the test treasurer, as I described and Teignmouth treasurer is so trivial.
Logical Buddhist treasures exhibit and bring wealth and accumulate resources for times of scarcity and for their important mundane aspect.
This is showed especially by Thurgood Dungeon. Both support physical well-being and healing and touching.
Revellers can act as healers and as Antonio Turner showed, they both lead to pacifying disease,
hunger and war in the country and other unwanted worldly appearances.
And also cinema treasures and revelations maintain an environmental balance in connection with deities needed for human survival.
As a way of conclusion. Why do people and territorial deities need treasures?
We have seen that people's well-being and existence, uh, depend on certain forces of life contained in the land.
Thanks to the land's treasures, the land and the territorial deities governing it need treasures to generate biodiversity and become an abundance.
Treasures are property of territorial deities, and as the land itself can be conceptualised as parts of the deities bodies.
Buddhist sutra. Old treasures form a part of this flux of forces in the environment on which people depend.
There are one kind of various so-called treasures with similar characteristics.
Buddhism is accredited as Richard Gombrich. Content.
In Tibet, as in other cultures, it closes with another cosmology by Buddhism,
taken as inferior to its scientific path and aim and cosmological framework.
For instance, in Thailand, people are proud to paint with a quantum principle of vitality and prosperity.
Vitality and prosperity stored in and flowing through land.
Ancestors, clan members and food growing from the ancestral land is found in different societies in Southeast Asia and Oceania,
including Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Borneo.
Numerous societies in Oceania partake in the monarch principle of efficacy that enables action, prosperity, and fertility.
In New Zealand, it is the temporal life principle shared with all existence that stems from divine ancestors.
Precious substances in the land are coming devices of, uh, fostering these forces.
To provide examples from Europe, uh, we find strong parallels.
Uh, for instance, in insular Greece, proconsul treasures, both literal and Greek Orthodox Christian treasurers are also in the position of plants,
divinities and ancestors, and similar tone means according to their extraction.
Tibet provides an example where Buddhism has extensively worked with these notions.
The outcome is the specificity of Tibetan Buddhism. And that's it.
Thank you. I would also like to add,
Rob mayor is going to continue elaborating on this topic from a historical perspective in the fourth session of this Treasurer's Seminar series.
Okay. Thank you. Thanks.
That's. That's a really wonderful talk. Thank you.