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Rapid advance and genetic editing technologies had the capability to alter the core,

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animate or humanise its genetic make up itself, and thus engineer future generations.

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Since the technology of CRISPR-Cas9 was developed in 2013, 22 scientists have pioneered initiative, connection to home and projects, as we all know.

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25th November last year, on the eve of the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing Gene Kelly,

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a U.S. trained biophysicist working in China,

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a young scientist announced in English via YouTube, offered a birth of what world's first thinking ed babies.

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The news sparked an international outcry that a field art or scientific advance probably

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not even the birth of first IVF baby occurred in this country had pen unveiled as the

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first effects were layered yet to become clear that the experiment will keep the secret

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until a few weeks after twins spurs why United International and a Chinese guide denies.

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And Biologic Genetic Research, U.S.A. basic reforms and the fundamental role of scientific investigation.

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Two twin girls face various risk risks and the two edited genomes enter the human gene pool and may be passed on to future generation.

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Meanwhile, in June this year, a Roswell scientist biologist claimed that that human to produce more gene edited babies.

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By the end of this year. You hit right in her head.

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You said to work a second time to refer creation of pitching ed to commence toward each her

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needs and most of your means to the material production that Kansas producing in fact corrects.

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You hit a single minded effort to make or produce towards first stitching.

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Edit the babies. Oh General, you had given toward a paradigm case of A to demonstrate to most of you to most

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the way with the ways how a scientific project cooperates almost every ethical

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norm of biomedical research to numerous and the tongue to ethical challenges horse

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experiments pose for China and its award can be mapped out in four categories.

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First problem associated with a research ethics seeking ethical questions,

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redirecting to the heritable human genome editing and its application thorough to broader historical,

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social, political, cultural, transcultural and global issues.

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And to force you were more fundamental questions regarding to molecules of biotechnology and the medicine in general.

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Why your ecosystem research? Its largely concerning first under second dimensions and Professor Jan Dr. Tom Hare.

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And people here are needing international discussion about the second dimension, the ethical issues about human gene editing in this talk.

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I'm a folks about a sort of dimension and a touch to force one.

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My presentation, aiming to offer a real life social ethical inquiry into Hodgson case genetic misadventure.

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On the need to change the model of engineering life through science and technology.

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I must start with a critique of popular packaging, adequate ways of responding to a case of project quake.

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Jiang Islet 9029.

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Some key elements of political, social and historical background, including China's social practice of use and eugenics and recent years.

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The state of science efforts, as well as the geological foundations such as synthesised the nationalism, scientism and social Darwinism.

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I will also point out polyphony points out to global contexts of project genetic experiments under the Chinese model of engineering life.

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In the third and final part of operation, he discussed the need for a divine sin, a social bioethics.

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It's not what I'm going to present.

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It's very much a piece of work in progress.

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And it also part of what to me, a non philosopher, what to say about this topic within and outside of China.

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One common response to this case. It's to view him as a rogue scientist in this view.

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Yet what's most than the argument for any due to recklessness or even naivete that core conducted its outrageous experiment.

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It's a perennial injury, official Close told investigation by a team of Guangdong province takes this approach so well.

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Operate for a pot nest on one page issued by Xinhua News.

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One of China's official mouthpieces concluded that to pursue personal fame and again I quote her had avoided a supervision race to fund

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and organised a researcher on its arm to carry out of the home and brought law and genetic and research intended for reproduction,

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which is banned by Chinese law. End of quote.

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To be fair to the Chinese authorities,

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they have also earlier this year issued a draft new national regulation on what do you call the high technology biotechnologies.

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That's a great move. Yeah, testing the brain.

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Unhook himself and long of a school.

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Wider responsibility of the university and other relevant authorities for its action,

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thus missing out and important the opportunity to critically in the institutions and a culture of scientific research in China dichotomy.

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John Carter said to been long, noted pervasive and still in the way of characterising cultural differences.

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When the world's first research on gene editing and four years by Chinese scientists, what's published in an international journal in 2015,

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a report in New York Times captures a key issue involved as a scientific divide between China and the West.

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Two article cites a medical essayists in China.

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Unanimous says, I quote to read the non in the West and the China on not to see me not ethics are a question of culture and that it's about tradition,

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especially where it touched on human life.

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Confucian ethics says that some one become a person after they are born a Christian.

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It's up towards referring to friends of one Wolf, the founder of Confucianism says human beings,

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as began when they are when they are born, even see is actually the minority view for Confucianism about this matter.

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But we need to add to hopefully in discussion part when the facts are discussed that

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it's a different United States or other country which are Christian companions.

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Where to because of religion to me for your research and below.

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Yes it's not okay. And to again Professor John in Dr. Palm and your collaborators had originally

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offered ethical defence for such research conducted by Chinese scientists.

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Arguably such research on gene editing and the lawyers in general.

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And yet this year an article used to make it in foreign policy by a researcher with the Chinese origin continue to promote and it that

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China were always be bad in ethics in quotation hodja quite a genetic misadventure appears to provide more compelling evidence that

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to China is a radical order of the West and via demand whereby by ethics matter matter however tasty to law to the right way to proceed

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because evidence that's not to support to be and its risks over score and a real issue that human gene editing in China raises.

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Immediately after the news counter, Gene edited The babies come out for a couple of months.

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I have been closely following general news report commentaries and posts on Channel eight and the International Mass Media via by law and Google,

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as well as on China's major social media platform, label and WeChat.

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I've been deeply impressed by remarkable Chinese tendency in questioning and condemning hostile experiment,

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and the Chinese reaction are remarkably similar to those in the West, including the words used.

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Ethical reading appeared even share two fundamental principles and the intrinsic value of life.

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And it's a more the goal of science and medicine, among many other indications, almost daily.

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Instantly over 100 Chinese dissenters.

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You showed their passionate public statement that they have firmly and strongly condemn hostile experiment.

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War. You send a condemnation to China towards under phrases used by scientists to authorities

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and general public in China are remarkably similar to those used in western mass media.

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So you include more restrained and descriptive terms.

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Such unethical, immoral, wrong, irresponsible, reckless, shocked or extremely shocked,

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as the Chinese phrase over they are says to also include a stronger and more emotive one who has been described as mad,

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scientific madman, lunatic and hates experiment as monstrous, disgusting riposte in common.

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Cruel, barbaric. Again, professor.

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Audience first. The response by condemns the experiment to be monstrous that's been reported in the mass media world worldwide.

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Your readers response are to journal news reports and to Social Media Unit 73 one and the Japanese doctors.

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Human experimentation in wartime in China had spent you more time and again especially new readers.

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Commentaries to the Journal gets the report under the title of a very provocative online commentary,

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which first appear on some popular label site called At 19 Tonight.

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You walk to West and you express what's home you know home and research where hard used to describe but as contemporary paternot who you sitting naked

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whole you describe as using gene editing to sacrifice baby snot for his dream of Nobel Prize to Nazi predation monger who also experiment on twins.

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It's a fondness long EU-China. Otherwise, the Oscar might refer to Joseph Langan in Why to China to Society.

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Their immediate response seems to be more mixed.

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More is about to turn on the issue of human gene editing.

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Over 36,000 readers who respond to the surly question at the end of the initial positive report in the People's Daily Now report removed

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38 opposed it because a major fears associated with ethical problems 37 would neuter for now because one does not know what will happen.

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Opening Pandora's Box and 25 indicate support for you because it may reduce the risk of serious diseases.

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As I see it, these are two popular approach.

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I'm mistaken, or at least again, adequate, because academically speaking, to dismiss is a necessary study of why the political, social,

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cultural and historical context of huge enclaves genetic misadventure so often to offer mistaken losses and missed out real and difficult questions.

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You walk this question in crowd why heads ethics field so dramatic in the hall and I

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was a hall and the heads team able to carry out the experiment underway in China.

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What are the key political and the sort of forces shaping home and gene editing in China and the Chinese

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responses to what to eat to global context of their paradigm and Chinese case of scientific misconduct.

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These are extremely complicated. QUESTION So to call upon many in-depth public and academic inquiries from a

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broader sociological and historical perspective horse genetic misadventure,

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it's unsurprising and surprising for me.

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Editing genomes of otherwise healthy employers for nature of resistance to HIV could constitute an

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Erfurt of particular eugenics enhancing genetic to make up rather them to can and inconsistent disease.

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Eugenics is a knife and aware in China as many other parts of the world.

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It was imported in China towards the computer from the West and where you step new academically and associated into first half of punches.

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Century. Only during a mouse regime under Sophia to introduce what a eugenic contempt support

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your law and until the evolutionary pseudoscience feeds post-mao from the outset.

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China's ambitious antigen processing population control program implemented over the past two four decades had to have

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to sink four goals controlling the quantity of the population and enhancing two quantity of population just together.

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What's a one child to punish see which I think everyone you know until you done entrepot of probably some of you did not know yet

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that eugenics has been one of the two essential components of China's massive modern project of demographic and social engineering.

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Why you have the one child upon yourself to repress the buy to child per family policy united 2000 to 15 using eugenics.

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That's a state of policy and a widespread social practice continues condensed no to hair in China,

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its context use and includes a wide range of practices yet again coloured as a safe state that eugenics in

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which the state and encourage and even somehow pressure the use of medical measures to enhance its agenda.

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No quality of population in 2009 to 4 China issued and law which was originally understood to forward in the

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court eugenics law and soon changed and UEFA made as law maternal under your mental health impact healthcare.

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Maternal and infant health care. In the recent years, the Chinese state has given more and more efforts to develop various programs,

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including genetic screening to reduce birth defects.

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Nationwide Effort, U.S. and child contact also central to what the U.S. called the need for a eugenics in the West,

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in which individual voluntarily choose certain eugenic measures of prenatal care or some other major sin crowed in the U.N.

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China U.N. standard prenatal hair care,

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including such devices to prevent net predicament to women avoiding heavy drinking

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smoking taken certain not to take certain medicine to supplement the U.S. as well.

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Eugenics to broaden the concept of use and eugenics in China.

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So it it's a very difficult but very important to differentiate what it's ethically justifiable for a lot of you to not be very careful.

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And then this is why she had a lot to judge, to say all eugenics in China.

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It's justifiable that's that's it's simply wrong because to practice encoding so many different.

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Like in China. Not only commercial advertisment everywhere in York and other Western countries in China does something different.

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It's a propaganda per day. Cuts are all way to pretend in cities, towns and villages.

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Here are some of the price cuts have talked to U.S. as a part of China's cost control program,

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like its asset controlling the quantity of population to benefit country and people.

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The has since a quantity quantity of population to stance the nation and the price path to family.

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It's another one go the first go.

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The reason good education or so pure adverse or so pure represent so purer education benefiting to country people and the family of some more.

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In general it's a fever that so to first.

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Just about several years ago, I was contacted, considered about a part of the world.

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I wasted in several villages in Sultan China, but not on the road.

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I can see many of those parts about dates before the one child policy.

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What's a request by child policy? And including many of thought.

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But of course not, except as nicely designed and say it's essentially women more a pram, play cards to potatoes,

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snow games and to some of those otherwise serious political slogans can be humorous in certain ways.

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Seussical can read the Chinese of probably one test Somalian region.

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What is to make in their watch notice India to see they are few children grow more trees and bear few children,

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both small pigs, and if they are grown older that uses that central thing.

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First of all, it somehow makes sense so that grow more trees and the race more pigs can become richer, right?

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That's what the economic development. So to punish a market economy.

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The second one is to call for a new surge or famine to create in summer.

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I had been thinking about why in summer I don't have any crow under number one crow I've come up with to that.

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Maybe in summer people are more have more sex. But I don't know.

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I really don't know what is why it's in summer and the little things and there is way

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for that people to see into women to help you with that there to punish me in some way.

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Sit there when you just attend to one more or one price of the work tend to me in totally reverse.

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And the southeast, this one become we are more children of children and grow more trees and I have more children and it is more

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to understand why is that set off the new start opposite are of reproduction in summer I have more children.

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Yes. Babies are conceived in winter because people.

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Nothing better to do. New Year, Christmas.

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And then in September. We have huge peaks in the spring.

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So maybe they want to even talk. Oh, okay.

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Yeah. Yeah, I understand that. You want to. You could I have my children?

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A new thing in Minnesota for one year and they get into what called poor Internet storage centres among winter time and.

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But anyway, that's. Come back to our point.

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Another is that despite the official condemnation, her personal ambition and a scientific venture, once a knowledge supported by China,

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is also a for social or scientific superpower steps that have over the past two four decades,

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which had to create a fertile environment in which researchers are eager to untaken the having worked first and onward to other.

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Along with other state programs like One Theatre and the one wrote route sent

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to change its policy and the initiative in science and technology form part of

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China's ambitious undertaken to reshape the structure of global power before

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him to fall for Jemele what's a Ray Rice since young science started in China.

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They had too many accurate deaths and received extremely generous support from central government and scientific organisations,

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including being selected to state's top science program.

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Chairman, Chief Sergeant Attendants. In recent years,

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the Chinese state has issued a series of law and policies and taken a wide range of measures to encourage a transformation

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of results of scientific investigation and technology innovation into economic and commercial achievements.

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Taking advantage of these policies benefiting from domestic and international give Western men and young scientists to whole generally.

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What's also a rice and into her new start in China,

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who generally works and may still be the owner and or significant shareholder in mine gene companies

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including Toast Stops Up works at the new seven feeding Chinese program over half 1,000,000,000 USD.

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To conclude, in paragraph of his superb protocol to the Ethical Committee of and Local Hospital,

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a private owned hospital, so its approval turned out to have been faked,

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such that concluded in paragraph says and not answer individual motivation and the broader context for horse epic genetic misadventure.

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The strategic goals of horse genetic project have a strong nationalistic and militaristic a spirit.

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It's a state I've covered. We often tend to expect that the project will occupy a commanding indignation,

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overtake the higher field of gene editing technology like it's a point of and all stick out.

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The roads are bare. The project to stand out into increasingly intense international competition among gene editing technologies.

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He's correct.

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Creative research would have been more significant than HIV technology, which won't add to salt and pepper, nor be a prize to the charming.

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Commentator referred the Nobel Prize because cogent research includes protocol care.

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You too were about to bomb a final course for continents.

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So we connect to dictators and what to get implicit to by over was to mention before.

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China's audience in this declaration is to that his project were to make China to what a

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leader in this field more explicitly and initiate back a critique can you remove to report?

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Of course. Research appeared on the website of the chief official newspaper about people staining on 26 or November last year.

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One day after the course announcement you to what's entitled to what's a typical prof.

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I quote two waters. First the gene editing to babies genetically resistant to eggs are born in China and yet a whole sports experiment at a quota.

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Again, a milestone accomplishment China has achieved in the area of genetic editing technologies.

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Chinese model of science. It's also retiring.

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It takes a top down approach and at once, often at once, science salutes a conventional Chinese Communist Party's means of planned economy.

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So the kind of measure so planned economy and the mouse Great Leap Forward campaign.

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Of course the government is strong drive for science and technology can definitely

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did you man's go the news for the Chinese people and the humankind at the same time.

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China's science schemes have much to do with it.

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A growing mentality that ethics it's merely second to right, or at least at the most instrumental for cutting edge scientific investigation.

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And the technology you mention ethical consideration.

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Or and the ultimate goal of science and medicine can be compromised or even a near narrated by unchecked pursuit of personal ambition,

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financial interests. Interests. Welfare.

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State and institutions. Economic growth and national economic.

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Nationalism is always justified and promoted in the name of patriotism.

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And it's a great to revive of China as a nation, as we are, as as a people and a race.

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In recent years, nationalism has been reshaping every aspect of Chinese society and the beliefs of Chinese people.

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The nationalism agenda price an essential role in the development of science and technology in China, as in many other parts of the world.

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Nationalism has been a defining and sweeping aetiology for the sciences, humanity and the social sciences and bioethics as well.

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Why are some pioneer works head spinning appear to come back to most in the Bible by unsubtle politics and a sociologist?

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More critical ethical analysis on ethical implications of nationalism for biomedical research and

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the bioethics on the chromosomes are long overdue to win regulation of science and technology.

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Its appeal among modern and the contemporary China in general.

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The term Marxism, classic Marxism included,

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defines science and technology as the vital force of national production and as a positive driver of social development.

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Senior cites the scientists who promote for the state to employ science and technology,

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engineering, nature, engineering, society, engineering, mind and engineering human life.

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Solid for borrowing reason means to extend intact my biological ideas of the struggle for daily

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consistency and survival of the feet focussed on from far away getting to a social sphere.

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While nationalism and the scientists in China are more reachable in the public domain,

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much freer to research in China as well as abroad in the West, my own,

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where the initial research has suggested that at senior sites of social body condition may have played a more fundamental

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auto open haven role in the development of Chinese or Soviet have a model of genetically and socially engineering human life.

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They say it's among history. I continue even longer in my faith that some guns worked against modem 22 centuries

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ago or began to work a kind of Chinese version of social Darwinism in more China.

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Ever since the emphasis on evolution, the translation of the teach, Huxley said pollution and ethics in aggregate classic champion.

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When my reading Death in Indiana was the translation of So How Should I Say It

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just so denied to indicate classic Chinese mocking in more than I did in late

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19th century extended the heartless work problem to a more significant role

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in the development of intellect tomorrow in modern China and social problem.

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Since then it's been determined permanent intellectual force more than under contemporary knife.

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I have to say this declaration somehow indicates the idea behind it sociological name and historically speaking.

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The largest scale and a profound dependency of genetically and the social engineering on human life in China can never be achieved without us.

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Information ology. This, ethically speaking,

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one shared feature on denying eugenics and human genome editing in China more generally

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to China's model of engineering life is taking instrumental notation of human life.

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Huge increase genetic adventure constitute the most recent and the most of Papua New

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sites to coast and these features especially instrumental lactation of human life.

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This despite almost unanimous condemnation of the international community of thought experiment.

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There are a few Western virologists that defend host experiment saying international

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context had been indispensable for eugenics and common gene editing in China.

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But she said far from adequate in the economic and the research, for example,

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whole genome quality, just a feat exist in China and have become a genetic test.

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A biophysicist in top U.S. universities.

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My head to wonder where to go as sun science community of gene editing had to play the role of accessory in cost historical scientific misconduct.

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Recent German nixed a report indicated that the user circle of scientists is fitting in state

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education knowledge horse experiment more broadly in various social benefits for stations.

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Eugenics has been global phenomena ever since late 19th century to seeming its pure Aetiological Foundation,

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which encouraged in scientific reductionism, nationalism and the social Darwinism to engineering and against mentor night and of knife heads.

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NOM being one of the fundamental feature of global modernity.

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How to how the international community should respond.

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HOLMAN Jim and I'm Jim Edgerton are invited to to co-sign and to co-author a prospective article for Nature

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which is entitled to adopt a moratorium on heritable genome editing due to what's written most about us.

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Some leading scientists in the field.

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There are a number of technical, scientific and medical as severe as social, ethical and the moral consideration.

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Actually, I still agree.

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And a vote to advocate for a voluntary global moratorium on editing heritable DNA to produce genetically modified to human children.

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One reason I would like to highlight here is that genetic can said a bunch of genetically show

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staff to ethical damage of instrument or night and human night solo genetic technologies.

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It's a real by all means and imperative to create effective international thought by not uncommon gene editing.

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Now we are coming to the third and final part of my presentation.

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They need to move beyond the mainstream launch into interventionist Comodo of bioethical inquiry and advance social bioethics in the past decades.

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Not as a strong condemnation of that because without a serious of research project,

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China's view of an expiration of caution medical ethics in China's medical profession.

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Mr. Chen Chen to crisis patient appreciation trust Confucian ethical perspective on human body and the body part.

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Social and ethical use of HIV core research.

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Japan's Wartime Medical Atrocity and its aftermath.

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One wolf of my current research project investigates population ageing and Eric and China Forum to slaughter ethical thought of classic Confucianism,

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especially in its act of monks amongst us.

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Why are two Coptic converts this project are different?

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Methodologically speaking, I've often taken social,

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ethical approach of investigating by integrating by ethnic contamination with a sociological and historical compiling

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as we are as a Chinese Western comparative perspective from this press seeks to change on a theme had emerged.

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On the one hand, I've become more and more discontent about contemporary bioethics.

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It seems to me that you, spite of its great dynamic, our academic field.

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Suffers from sort of major problems.

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And first, it's a remoteness because the sort of folks are on an ethical dilemma.

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Under principles by ethics often overlook the broader social cultural forces shifting in ethical issue.

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And the responses today, as well as that you could source people richness of individual moral experience and the ethical issue concerned

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in larger population of with non-Western or less developed toward a much marginal knowledge that due to the West

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and told meaning second by ethics it's hotness or you motion this because to white to role of the emotions for

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you needs you recommend it to your human life are overlooked due to its emphasis on reasons and Russian energy.

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I don't want it to say reason and rationality.

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It's not important. It's very, very important. But feeling, emotion and are also very,

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very important you irrationality as well by ethics served by ethics dishonest because it can see substantial

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and the spiritual matters are often downplayed due to you to focus upon body undermined to more be out.

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I'm aware it's easy. It's a radical corrective to move beyond a dominant mode of bioethical inquiry.

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You take it as necessary to advance at a social bioethics learning from social science,

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say learning from humanities in current literature and art, reviving thought and wisdom of indigenous moral traditions.

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More I started to go study classic Confucianism and mythology.

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Some more I convinced to how much social insight to offer today's world, not only for China, but for other parts of the world.

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For by ethical issues. On the other hand.

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On the other hand, through my research journey, I've put a forward and as Tom again mentioned,

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to verify a theory, a methodology of ethical trust, contradiction,

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in order to offer an alternative framework for bioethics that is rotated in

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China to be anti and challenging to control a tradition to five key elements,

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including aberrations, a complexity of cultural differences taken seriously,

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the internal personality and the diversity which in every culture focus upon not only differences,

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but also transcultural commonality under a common humanity promoting chairman and deeper transcultural

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dialogues and upholding the primacy of modernity over political and social cultural practice.

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Tomorrow at a lunchtime, I have a lot of talk of where the folks are punching.

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A certain dimension to talk of would be about to reclaim a sense of common humanity and a ancient Confucian ethical vision for today.

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Forgive me my self promotion. A lesson about such and such a vision.

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I'm still a developing racist trying to retrace some of powerful currents in today's Internet to work in the West.

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Undeterred. So you wrote dichotomy written and to someone defining Western and among Western culture as read authors,

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homogenised and and the student type in non-Western cultures and the Western Alliance and now subscribing towards it.

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Tyranny of Cultural Practice over modernity.

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Yet to replace some of today's dominant ideologies, such as trying to replace such as glorified nationalism,

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a state of power condemning to universal human value, manipulating traditional Chinese culture to maintain and to Wangs the status quo.

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My vision of ethical, transcultural cognition can be treated as a part of a global effort to protest,

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somehow reckoned with different bioethics by a number of other scholars, including philosophers and social scientists, academics.

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I continue to migrate tonight to that this talk.

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Also, tomorrow's one have been shown to me a rant about your harassment heart and you thought sent over to a post jumped in your back.

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Welcome Centre for ethics and how many takes what is such denied.

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It's a time to control. I will leave you with a three anchor point I tried to make tonight.

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First, George, increase historic geometrical misadventure.

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A paradigm case of scientific misconduct stems from China's social practice,

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using eugenics and the great authoritarian and nationalistic pursuit of design superpower in recent decades.

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So China's model of engineering, I can see its broader global context seeking to spell and the ethical issues of eugenics,

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particularly the tendency of instrumentalized and human life,

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have to be addressed in a new context of cutting edge biotechnology,

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such as home gym and genome editing served to better face the numerous and the daunting challenge of human gene editing.

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Bioethics, as both a public domain and as academic field, needs to move beyond the mainstream,

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largely individualistic mode of inquiry and advance a social bioethics.

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My presentation draws material from to publish.

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I can have. I had a privilege and a preacher co-author with quite a many colleagues, colleagues in China, New Zealand and other parts of the world.

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I do plan to carry out more research on this topic.

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So any of your questions and a comment to this presentation were to highly appreciated.

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Thank you all for your attention.