1 00:00:02,020 --> 00:00:14,710 OK, I hope my presentation is visible. In a slide show format, Professor Schroeder, is it? 2 00:00:14,710 --> 00:00:20,350 It's visible just shift. Yeah, yeah, it's visible and sweat and it looks OK. 3 00:00:20,350 --> 00:00:28,350 I just saw the my presentation is about mobilising trans regional indigenous identity on cross 4 00:00:28,350 --> 00:00:36,510 sectional borders under the team's circulation in Maharastra from and decoded to the present day. 5 00:00:36,510 --> 00:00:43,890 We already had two very, very interesting presentations on linguistics and the identity issues and how the 6 00:00:43,890 --> 00:00:52,530 different linguistics and the cultural identities lap over each other as the goal, 7 00:00:52,530 --> 00:00:57,840 as the historical changes happen in this particular paper. 8 00:00:57,840 --> 00:01:05,550 I'm going to highlight on indigenous identity issue and how the geography has taken 9 00:01:05,550 --> 00:01:12,720 or water or how the geography has defined its status in different times and eras. 10 00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:21,300 Usually when we talk about the indigenous identity, we often related with geography. 11 00:01:21,300 --> 00:01:25,860 But this idea of geography often gets influenced by holding. 12 00:01:25,860 --> 00:01:33,210 Political borders are created and where we steward these identities in these created political borders. 13 00:01:33,210 --> 00:01:43,070 As a result, it often happens that we we often don't realise that the geography created or the political 14 00:01:43,070 --> 00:01:50,960 geographical that in which has been defined can or relate or intimately within the boundaries. 15 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:58,780 There are certain studies I go to why I'm so sorry it doesn't place. 16 00:01:58,780 --> 00:02:01,260 Okay, just a second. Yeah. 17 00:02:01,260 --> 00:02:11,490 So in this particular presentation, I'm going to have some key questions like indigeneity and community identities of Highland's of condition, 18 00:02:11,490 --> 00:02:18,450 but practical and also the economic factors for these created boundaries. 19 00:02:18,450 --> 00:02:27,300 But prior to going to this idea or the context of coming to the case study or the originality of the problem, 20 00:02:27,300 --> 00:02:33,430 I would like to discuss a couple of questions about what we understand by mobilising drones, 21 00:02:33,430 --> 00:02:43,350 the regional indigenous identities, and what are these actual cross sectional bodies that are in the post-colonial narratives. 22 00:02:43,350 --> 00:02:47,940 There are two important questions which are often coming up, 23 00:02:47,940 --> 00:02:57,480 especially in context of indigeneity and post-colonial indigeneity is how we understand the geography's of these indigenous ideas. 24 00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:05,550 There had been various studies John did on Chinese indigeneity or the different ethnic identities within China, 25 00:03:05,550 --> 00:03:15,420 or subjects of a citizen grounded on Sri Lanka and its island based indigenous identities or costales work on Latin America, 26 00:03:15,420 --> 00:03:22,800 or even in the present context of when we are talking about the Gondwana Dilan and the land movement for Gondwana. 27 00:03:22,800 --> 00:03:32,370 And good one as a separate state, because somehow Chattisgarh doesn't does the kind of justice it was expected to do with the 28 00:03:32,370 --> 00:03:38,550 gold one identities which situates itself in the cross sectional areas of Morash Torah, 29 00:03:38,550 --> 00:03:44,610 Mother Pradesh and the present Telangana and underproduction Orissa. 30 00:03:44,610 --> 00:03:55,320 So similar kind of identities in the geography's often caution that why we create boundaries and even if we create 31 00:03:55,320 --> 00:04:04,650 how much justice is given to the kind of movement which takes place in those originality is of John in his studies, 32 00:04:04,650 --> 00:04:12,150 talks about the different, the linguistics and the territorial identities, where in our case, studies of Borneo. 33 00:04:12,150 --> 00:04:18,060 He sees that Borromeo is not an indigenous identity. It is a political indigenous identity. 34 00:04:18,060 --> 00:04:25,980 Similarly suggests that was sobre. Sundaram says that in his study of the island indigenous communities of Sri Lanka. 35 00:04:25,980 --> 00:04:32,130 He talks about the precolonial narratives and the peak of precolonial geographies and how these 36 00:04:32,130 --> 00:04:40,350 precolonial geographies did justice to the cultural and the special identities of the communities. 37 00:04:40,350 --> 00:04:48,480 Similarly, Gottstein study talks about discuses about the lateral distribution of the Latin American or the native. 38 00:04:48,480 --> 00:04:55,380 I'm a native Latin communities in the American continents. 39 00:04:55,380 --> 00:05:04,140 There is another aspect which comes often in the discussion is the ecology of the cartography in the indigenous DETE and it's their processes. 40 00:05:04,140 --> 00:05:13,610 So Bacher and Pickle's Liza's work in Australia and even the Richard Groves work on ecological. 41 00:05:13,610 --> 00:05:17,790 Imperialism talks about the ecology's of cartography. 42 00:05:17,790 --> 00:05:30,620 That's how the defining factors of the mapping of the cartography somehow compromises the ecological potentialities of the community cultures. 43 00:05:30,620 --> 00:05:34,790 And that bifurcates spotted them in their economies. 44 00:05:34,790 --> 00:05:44,630 So these are some of the oceans which often occur in how the indigenous communities of India will adapt and how they were situated in different, 45 00:05:44,630 --> 00:05:50,720 different territorial identities. We see it in terms of drunk home reseat and dumps of charcoal. 46 00:05:50,720 --> 00:05:52,880 We also see it in Chattisgarh. 47 00:05:52,880 --> 00:06:03,890 These three states, which became the primordial Lee, the indigenous states, indigenous communities, the most indigenous communities of India. 48 00:06:03,890 --> 00:06:09,620 Whether it was the drug Hun's, the good halls and the book subtribes. 49 00:06:09,620 --> 00:06:15,020 And then you had the same pol's one tribes of China or India. 50 00:06:15,020 --> 00:06:22,370 Should this go to bed? Gawne dominant yet to be yet the situational or the when the maps were created, 51 00:06:22,370 --> 00:06:30,590 they did not properly justified where these borders were and how these borders were working somehow. 52 00:06:30,590 --> 00:06:38,780 Was it because of the cultural or the linguistics domination of the territorial territories which they shared amongst? 53 00:06:38,780 --> 00:06:46,610 For example, in Convene the Top End State Game Up The Mightly and the Monda and this entirely dialect couldn't get 54 00:06:46,610 --> 00:06:53,350 the kind of justice they were expecting because then the borders could have been taken from the show. 55 00:06:53,350 --> 00:06:59,300 The West Wing on the behalf, of course, and you'll be as well as from and be as well. 56 00:06:59,300 --> 00:07:04,520 So what are we not in a position to create a state within the cross sectional borders? 57 00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:12,250 I give a small example of a one direction movement, which unfortunately died very soon within a span of twenty, 58 00:07:12,250 --> 00:07:17,420 twenty five years because it could not succeed even after the efforts of Myawaddy, 59 00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:22,660 because she could not negotiate with the neighbouring state of Muddah British 60 00:07:22,660 --> 00:07:29,570 who were not willing to chair the borders for the end of the state for one day. 61 00:07:29,570 --> 00:07:34,710 So how do we understand? And the same thing remains with the gun. 62 00:07:34,710 --> 00:07:35,930 Why not state as well? 63 00:07:35,930 --> 00:07:44,880 Which could not get a proper situational geography of the communities because the borders were not appropriately given by Odisha, 64 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:50,840 Aurum Odisha, Maharastra, Telangana, the present Telangana and even ENPI. 65 00:07:50,840 --> 00:07:56,060 So how this is by application of different states will take place in India, whether it will be. 66 00:07:56,060 --> 00:08:03,200 It would really be guided by the linguistics or the regional politics of the states within or village. 67 00:08:03,200 --> 00:08:10,370 Will they be able to create tangent spaces within the two different states? 68 00:08:10,370 --> 00:08:17,000 So we know well how the comedy crises in southern India is keep on dragging between Tamilnadu and Gramatica. 69 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:26,750 A similar kind of political, linguistic and identification happens in the area of condition. 70 00:08:26,750 --> 00:08:34,340 So the key questions in this particular presentation is about indigeneity and community identities of highlands of condition. 71 00:08:34,340 --> 00:08:38,450 So what exactly do we understand with Candie's? 72 00:08:38,450 --> 00:08:48,860 And when it came up and does it truly justifies the editorially D between amongst the communities which are dominated this region? 73 00:08:48,860 --> 00:08:59,390 And how this territorial identity translate transcends language, colonial and precolonial regional landscape and in its common configuration. 74 00:08:59,390 --> 00:09:04,490 And then what is the post-colonial political administrative narrative which is confining 75 00:09:04,490 --> 00:09:11,060 this region to Maharashtrian identity and its territorial borders to a linguistic state? 76 00:09:11,060 --> 00:09:19,980 And is it possible to have a creation of an international border within the families and regional communities of this region? 77 00:09:19,980 --> 00:09:28,400 And another important question is like, how can they came in to all Maharastra and what were the economic factors which 78 00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:34,760 kept it as a disputed or perhaps it's not a disputed region as such at present, 79 00:09:34,760 --> 00:09:43,430 but it remained. It remain actually a contested zone when actually the Maharashtra MHI was right. 80 00:09:43,430 --> 00:09:48,600 And Maha Morash, I think the modest from womans were going on. 81 00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:54,230 So the highlands of the reign of Carnage emerged as a focal construct for economic dussel during McGilligan. 82 00:09:54,230 --> 00:09:56,150 So that doesn't which happened during mongoloids, 83 00:09:56,150 --> 00:10:03,860 drug movement and Muslims moratorium woman were not actually limited to the post-colonial boundary issues, 84 00:10:03,860 --> 00:10:10,220 but they were there during the precolonial and even during the colonial era. 85 00:10:10,220 --> 00:10:16,540 So a condition was always a bone of contention. I mean, whoever was in power, whether it was linguistics, 86 00:10:16,540 --> 00:10:24,580 whether it was authority or whether it was the territorially territorial grabbing of the region as well. 87 00:10:24,580 --> 00:10:30,250 And that somehow compromised the cultural veve of this region. 88 00:10:30,250 --> 00:10:37,420 But how it was sustained in the precolonial society and how in this post-colonial era we tried to situated 89 00:10:37,420 --> 00:10:43,300 as a problem that is enough condition had its strong regional connectivity and communicate to potentiality, 90 00:10:43,300 --> 00:10:46,480 which connected coastal highland that can blend two cultures. 91 00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:53,920 And that made it somehow very important to learn how to control a word and simultaneously conditions 92 00:10:53,920 --> 00:10:59,530 a vision maintained its indigenous street's well-being in intriguing bodily transregional gulches. 93 00:10:59,530 --> 00:11:07,030 This we will see as we will look into the precolonial colonial and post-colonial cultural dynamics of condition. 94 00:11:07,030 --> 00:11:13,690 So let's sort of what are the ethnic and emotional geography's and trance regional identities of condition? 95 00:11:13,690 --> 00:11:19,930 So as you could see, this is the kind of Theran we see not only in condition, but all territories, 96 00:11:19,930 --> 00:11:27,280 which are geographical territories and communities which are inhabiting this particular region. 97 00:11:27,280 --> 00:11:37,180 Share the common geography, share the common community, God just which is determined by the kind of ecology which predominates in the region. 98 00:11:37,180 --> 00:11:49,840 And also a certain trance, national interest, international transborder territories between Maharastra, Rajastan, Ghodrat and modern British. 99 00:11:49,840 --> 00:12:00,190 As you could see in this particular map, which I'm sharing in the in the inset to area of this picture. 100 00:12:00,190 --> 00:12:06,750 So a condition, if you will, if you'll see the community cultures of funding. 101 00:12:06,750 --> 00:12:12,940 As for this study by Bebe but GIBI, some of them, there are some very good studies like right from the Times, 102 00:12:12,940 --> 00:12:16,470 all these different folks and I, Binayak and Badshah, 103 00:12:16,470 --> 00:12:28,690 and in the contemporary writings of Cool Ghani and Oberon Gibi the getting to this problematic of who are the indigenous communities who predominantly 104 00:12:28,690 --> 00:12:41,020 live in that region off condition and its associated VESTINE tribal tract right from the SUHAD three still be foot foothills of Arabella's, 105 00:12:41,020 --> 00:12:45,490 and this whole region somehow have a shared community identity. 106 00:12:45,490 --> 00:12:53,650 So all the people right from the boss, when I'm doing good for a region of Rajasthan, Delta, 107 00:12:53,650 --> 00:13:03,010 both Sad and Volbeat region of Gujarat and from a dominant leave till the job well and untouchable area of my mother, 108 00:13:03,010 --> 00:13:10,020 British and all the non Goodbar Jeggo and the origin of Desart. 109 00:13:10,020 --> 00:13:15,580 One condition in Maharashtra have a common cultural network. 110 00:13:15,580 --> 00:13:24,070 They have a common cultural traits. And not only from now, from the preconvention times, and even in the peranich traditions, 111 00:13:24,070 --> 00:13:31,660 we find there is a synchronicity in their cultural practises and even in the living cultural traditions, 112 00:13:31,660 --> 00:13:35,080 which you will see as I'll be explaining this context. 113 00:13:35,080 --> 00:13:44,420 As a result of Vendy look into the writings of the different contemporary Bushin records, unfortunately adds that I may not get paid. 114 00:13:44,420 --> 00:13:53,320 You should have also discussed about and different folks who did his first research on Abeles at that particular time, 115 00:13:53,320 --> 00:14:02,050 the comic cross that there is no. And what we could see the written documents from the community itself, 116 00:14:02,050 --> 00:14:07,810 because they had their own cultural practises to communicate and navigate to the message 117 00:14:07,810 --> 00:14:15,490 and messages and the dealings of in terms of the management of their territory. 118 00:14:15,490 --> 00:14:25,240 So it does about the emotional and ethnic geography's of their own transregional identity, which for us is a trance regional. 119 00:14:25,240 --> 00:14:30,790 But for them it was not trance regionally because right from the Rajastan till 120 00:14:30,790 --> 00:14:37,510 condition that is continue to offer the linguistic dialect with a minor function, 121 00:14:37,510 --> 00:14:39,940 with a minor transition in the dialect. 122 00:14:39,940 --> 00:14:50,440 What we prob dominantly Nool as NOI does a B Dellec or billi language, which unfortunately we still don't accept it as a language. 123 00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:57,800 But there is a continuity in the language between which is spoken from the Biehl community. 124 00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:04,030 All of these subsection a call or they're my family, filial gunships. 125 00:15:04,030 --> 00:15:13,590 From that I just can't dilly dally. And from loved ones both until Delanoe or allegorical in. 126 00:15:13,590 --> 00:15:18,360 In the year in the multiplication region. 127 00:15:18,360 --> 00:15:27,300 So this kind of linguistic correlation in their practises and also their genetic link. 128 00:15:27,300 --> 00:15:32,500 Now we are trying to look at since last night. Last half a decade or so. 129 00:15:32,500 --> 00:15:41,880 An understudy. Half a century or so. There is more emphasis on digital configuration of the communities invest in India and how the how we understand 130 00:15:41,880 --> 00:15:48,810 their localiser or trans regional identity in this particular suite off the list in India or South Asia. 131 00:15:48,810 --> 00:15:58,890 In fact, one of as we could see, is the sexuality of their Highland girls, just because the belt of the highlands of Edgecumbe, 132 00:15:58,890 --> 00:16:06,540 which goes from so he had pretty to support us to what you call support out to probably. 133 00:16:06,540 --> 00:16:14,940 And then the sexuality of it, which goes from the enough of Guch, it actually goes still in the Pakistan area. 134 00:16:14,940 --> 00:16:21,900 So all the bees which are found are at the feet and the beings who are identified is identified as indigenous. 135 00:16:21,900 --> 00:16:27,390 Communities in the Pakistan area also share these similar cultural traits. 136 00:16:27,390 --> 00:16:36,480 And therefore, there is a kind of a solidarity which is being is emerging since the times of post-colonial geography, 137 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:42,030 linguistic and cultural spaces being created. 138 00:16:42,030 --> 00:16:47,220 So welcome to NOWL Conditional of NBC in. 139 00:16:47,220 --> 00:16:51,780 When we see the Maharastra and it's in the indigenous communities, somehow, 140 00:16:51,780 --> 00:17:00,840 while the linguistic footsore of creating a state was so high that many times when the boundaries were created, 141 00:17:00,840 --> 00:17:08,460 the transnational and the transregional impact of Maharashtrian identity, I'll vote. 142 00:17:08,460 --> 00:17:13,160 And it's a dialectic variation was not taken. Perhaps Sewall's not. 143 00:17:13,160 --> 00:17:16,860 I may be making a big statement here was not taken into consideration. 144 00:17:16,860 --> 00:17:27,840 Therefore, the goal and the Abele identity, which actually remains linked to different sections of the indigenous the the like of ancient lake, 145 00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:31,320 I won't say because Indians claim everybody is indigenous. 146 00:17:31,320 --> 00:17:42,700 So these are the two communities which are supposed to be one of the most anthropologically the most ancient indigenous communities of Indian. 147 00:17:42,700 --> 00:17:50,310 Perhaps they are the one who actually give the essential elements to what we call as Indian identity. 148 00:17:50,310 --> 00:18:01,410 So we find a so that all of the indigenous and the nature worshipping practises, which we call as Indian so-called Indian practises, 149 00:18:01,410 --> 00:18:07,440 somehow have their roots in the practises of the indigenous communities of India or 150 00:18:07,440 --> 00:18:13,770 Forese be coming from the West and India and the Gawne coming into central India. 151 00:18:13,770 --> 00:18:20,130 So when we created these spaces for these indigenous communities in so this particular 152 00:18:20,130 --> 00:18:26,240 section actually goes to gonne one of the subsections of Gone and I hope my card is visible. 153 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:29,280 So when I'm trying to show because I don't have a highlighter here. 154 00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:36,960 So the yellow section on the East and West and bottom monisha belongs to the bill and devotedly community worriedly, 155 00:18:36,960 --> 00:18:40,140 of course, belongs to the coastal indigenous communities. 156 00:18:40,140 --> 00:18:50,970 On the contrary, the Candie's tribes are the kindest indigenous are a part of that particular this particular larger network of the B identity. 157 00:18:50,970 --> 00:19:03,750 And this is somehow this broadly connects them with the cross section of linguistic identities within the drug Maharastra and Rajastan as well. 158 00:19:03,750 --> 00:19:10,980 These are some of these statistics which I took from the tribal data of Monisha. 159 00:19:10,980 --> 00:19:15,570 And an important aspect is when the demography of Baily's identified. 160 00:19:15,570 --> 00:19:21,120 So predominantly we find Pollara and a Barbie beings living in underbite. 161 00:19:21,120 --> 00:19:34,020 But it's interesting that even dungaree that ICAC may want to see RA will be Tyga, Vehbi and even the Dawdy are included in the demographic schedule. 162 00:19:34,020 --> 00:19:42,240 Beneficiary's and Maharastra indefinitely goes because a you have a there is an intercultural, interregional, 163 00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:47,880 cultural context to it and a lot of B coming from condition, 164 00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:56,220 even though they use the SA name of B, our poverties, they have an entire marital alliances. 165 00:19:56,220 --> 00:20:05,550 And Zogby with the good USCA B and the maybe I see appeal which predominantly go to the mother British and data just one area. 166 00:20:05,550 --> 00:20:13,500 As a result, perhaps because of the indifference of the people like Godwyn Gurria, who himself. 167 00:20:13,500 --> 00:20:18,420 To Candy Shadia and belong to another be coming indigenous communities of this region, 168 00:20:18,420 --> 00:20:26,850 this concept or this particular component was included in the you go to tribes beneficiary Skoda's. 169 00:20:26,850 --> 00:20:34,230 So this is. So when we talk about condition, it had its own intercultural network. 170 00:20:34,230 --> 00:20:36,270 So in Persian and mogul records, 171 00:20:36,270 --> 00:20:48,230 we find that the Legion never tried to even though but it Mughals had a control or were on board as deceitful condition Suba or any part of the deck, 172 00:20:48,230 --> 00:20:52,510 Deccan Zuba of Southern in the mobile empire. 173 00:20:52,510 --> 00:21:00,030 There was a kind of an autonomy which was imparted to the tribal or the community of this region. 174 00:21:00,030 --> 00:21:07,790 So we find that Tarlow, Darshana and in underbite area and also in the in the. 175 00:21:07,790 --> 00:21:11,970 Of what you could see the condition area in there. 176 00:21:11,970 --> 00:21:17,580 It actually got across the borders of Europe in those areas. 177 00:21:17,580 --> 00:21:23,370 Also better with the bill, and especially when we discuss about the custody of Kott dung, 178 00:21:23,370 --> 00:21:34,350 we find that they allowed the tribals to retain the BEE community to retain their autonomy because they were the major, 179 00:21:34,350 --> 00:21:38,790 major directorate of product bills and service product providers of the trade. 180 00:21:38,790 --> 00:21:48,580 And we know how valuable Goodhand butterballs with these sort of put on borrowed Vendy trade was in peak in the Mughal empire. 181 00:21:48,580 --> 00:21:57,600 Similarly, as you could see, this is LICA, just for the link to know a little bit about geography and linguistics. 182 00:21:57,600 --> 00:22:08,850 So according to the Wristlet studies, he claims that whatever dialect or language used by Beal's as part of the new language grew on the country. 183 00:22:08,850 --> 00:22:15,570 The kind of data ran which was used by them had an uphill region where these communities cross 184 00:22:15,570 --> 00:22:23,040 sectionally was travelling and controlling the autonomous region of their authority zones as well. 185 00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:29,550 So I just got a one like this is like how Arace says that do not in language groups. 186 00:22:29,550 --> 00:22:33,530 A central group has Wisden, the Indian Punjabi not just Narnian with ready. 187 00:22:33,530 --> 00:22:36,750 And he exclusively mentions about Bathory Noyd in language, 188 00:22:36,750 --> 00:22:42,090 which is Bewley B languages unconditioned because he is mentioning condition, because as we know, 189 00:22:42,090 --> 00:22:51,030 a condition is an exclusive area where B Britishers Gon controlled the totipotent networks of the people, 190 00:22:51,030 --> 00:22:58,800 communities against which we have a whole lot of studies on how would the retaliated against the British control. 191 00:22:58,800 --> 00:23:06,510 So it has been found as he goes. It has been found necessary to divide Vol. nine into four instead of three bots, 192 00:23:06,510 --> 00:23:13,170 because owing to the fact that to have included the B language, but they will go to Rud's pinyin, Goodbody would have made the third. 193 00:23:13,170 --> 00:23:19,080 Obviously in size it definitely goes because we don't have the right index, 194 00:23:19,080 --> 00:23:26,490 but we do have the fabulosity, an exclusive video of the BEEL and the conditionality within them, 195 00:23:26,490 --> 00:23:34,950 which required them to have their own textual Andy Karamat in context and for which the Christian missionaries contributed a lot. 196 00:23:34,950 --> 00:23:41,070 But that becomes a different study on its own. So this is how we see out on the. 197 00:23:41,070 --> 00:23:45,520 At the same time, we find that there is a core lateral interconnected tradition. 198 00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:49,080 So right from the northern part. 199 00:23:49,080 --> 00:23:57,060 So we have the Raybuck, our cadences, the condition Johns's. So these are all connected agencies which remain in the control of the British times. 200 00:23:57,060 --> 00:24:08,810 So when the British is first Van Premal sorry, precolonial times, there was an autonomy given to all these B Highland's communities. 201 00:24:08,810 --> 00:24:17,310 British has also maintained a kind of an a distant kind of relationship which was of control and yet of an autonomy. 202 00:24:17,310 --> 00:24:26,670 Therefore, most of the territories which will go one or the other were managed by the tribal communities or had their own autonomous control. 203 00:24:26,670 --> 00:24:32,610 They remain part of the agency territories. I'll quickly go on because I'm running out of time. 204 00:24:32,610 --> 00:24:37,740 So what we find is that the dispute began when the British was left, of course, 205 00:24:37,740 --> 00:24:43,860 left India and there was this same the Maharashtrian hunger drug movement. 206 00:24:43,860 --> 00:24:53,930 And by the time of the autonomy are the civilising movement of British of indigenous community. 207 00:24:53,930 --> 00:24:58,470 It has already started. So we find Christian missionaries were already penetrating. 208 00:24:58,470 --> 00:25:02,730 They were already there in most of the tribal belt, so-called tribal belt. 209 00:25:02,730 --> 00:25:11,640 And then we find the Mandaeans entering in these old parts of Maharashtra and Gujarat than M.B and everywhere. 210 00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:19,470 And it's really interesting to know that. Well, guardians were there for whether they were in Rajastan Automotive stre or in the drawer or an MP. 211 00:25:19,470 --> 00:25:24,300 They all go back to the regional linguistic moment. 212 00:25:24,300 --> 00:25:30,660 So, for example, when the gone the Guardian woman who were walking amongst the indigenous communities of condition, 213 00:25:30,660 --> 00:25:36,660 they stood foggy conditions to be included in Maharastra or Meraki dominated region. 214 00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:40,420 And on the country, obviously, as an. Sure. 215 00:25:40,420 --> 00:25:47,480 Yeah. So this is a very funny map that I got from the present. 216 00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:52,320 I got it from her. I did, actually. But it talks about heavenly confidence. 217 00:25:52,320 --> 00:25:57,030 I'm just as close to closure to this debate or this Nadege. 218 00:25:57,030 --> 00:26:09,960 It talks about the heavenly confederacy of Maharastra and how we can create the different linguistics patterns within the monisha. 219 00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:13,500 So we cannot go on it. Of course, it cannot be taken as a scholarly guide. 220 00:26:13,500 --> 00:26:21,710 But I found it interesting to just look into it on the country at the same even linguistic limits of Moggach drug movement were going on at that time. 221 00:26:21,710 --> 00:26:30,570 The whole debate stood up for the abortions of Toledano on the button, all but not because of condition where the language spoken its condition. 222 00:26:30,570 --> 00:26:35,850 It's a quote from there, otherwise known as dead gadgety, which is a dialect of control. 223 00:26:35,850 --> 00:26:42,780 So this is how even like there was a movement initiated and even though they could not get the drug, 224 00:26:42,780 --> 00:26:46,710 could not get the whole commendation, but they could manage to get done. 225 00:26:46,710 --> 00:26:55,150 So, again, a dog got separated from its culturally vital identity of being. 226 00:26:55,150 --> 00:26:59,850 And so we find a different corrupt social problem. 227 00:26:59,850 --> 00:27:07,900 Now we find an a vital movement, which is again becoming like now we have twenty eight to Debussy's songs. 228 00:27:07,900 --> 00:27:12,190 They kick them million semillon, which actually took place in my job one month. 229 00:27:12,190 --> 00:27:20,220 The British and people from all different parts of these b diverse editorially came up and 230 00:27:20,220 --> 00:27:29,460 fought for their rights or fought for their sort intra national transwitch regional identity. 231 00:27:29,460 --> 00:27:33,750 So this is something of which is still in the work and actually really loves doing 232 00:27:33,750 --> 00:27:38,940 might be citizens that they might have seen it growing in last two decades. 233 00:27:38,940 --> 00:27:49,840 And it's very interesting for me to see how the drugs regionality is working for the regional one uni uni sectional regional identity in this. 234 00:27:49,840 --> 00:27:59,070 So thank you, Flora. Listening patiently. And now I come back to the presentation. 235 00:27:59,070 --> 00:28:06,880 OK, so. I just stopped sharing and began. 236 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:20,390 Beginning. That one is. 237 00:28:20,390 --> 00:28:24,760 Back to you. OK. OK, I know. 238 00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:29,100 Yeah. He's not actually. Yeah. What are you sorry for today, Lowney? 239 00:28:29,100 --> 00:28:33,170 I said bottom bottom. Africa curl up. Africa condition. 240 00:28:33,170 --> 00:28:38,040 I wonder what he did. Well, he got up more dealing with you some. 241 00:28:38,040 --> 00:28:47,920 I wish the whole shook Dekha. And then he has also privately written to me that this might be more relevant for section fifth cuts because inflation. 242 00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:54,670 Because that's right. If you want to take it. I think the discussion was actually enough for Professor Gates. 243 00:28:54,670 --> 00:29:04,840 But I am Bunol because it's really unfortunate that he has still not wagged on the different cultural representation. 244 00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:10,870 Actually, I could not discuss about their programme at the right moment. It was there and misled, but I was already looking at my back and sliding. 245 00:29:10,870 --> 00:29:20,290 It was running dry. So we have yet to look into the cross-sectional correlation between the different practises. 246 00:29:20,290 --> 00:29:26,020 The best I recently witnessed did the Holy Monceau Holy Son of Candy. 247 00:29:26,020 --> 00:29:34,870 And it was so fascinating. And unfortunately, we yet don't have an ethnography, anthropological study, a study on it. 248 00:29:34,870 --> 00:29:42,520 And it needs to be studied with Daylor, with the perception the way becoming a D of that region identifies itself. 249 00:29:42,520 --> 00:29:52,870 And it's so interesting that they have an Leamy Aditi in their practise, whether it is in candid shot, it is an elder board or it is in Botswana. 250 00:29:52,870 --> 00:30:04,520 So how this works. And so this need to be understood more than actually imposing the, you know, the mainstream linguistic identities. 251 00:30:04,520 --> 00:30:18,450 Yeah. Any comment from Professor Smith Guha who says, I would like to remind everyone that no one is indigenous except people in Africa? 252 00:30:18,450 --> 00:30:22,560 Professor Guha. Because the you know, the whole. 253 00:30:22,560 --> 00:30:30,970 But we cannot erase it from public consciousness. You know. I just shared with you the last lady of Kenya would just say, go do that. 254 00:30:30,970 --> 00:30:37,270 Two million people coming in W.A. You are not indigenous. The next day I will be killed. 255 00:30:37,270 --> 00:30:43,150 So the question is like how public perception of indigenous is coming up. 256 00:30:43,150 --> 00:30:47,110 Perhaps not even perhaps even African. Be big an audience of seven. 257 00:30:47,110 --> 00:30:51,070 Is it as if they go to the Balanda logical anthropological norms? 258 00:30:51,070 --> 00:30:59,410 So who is indigenous itself is a big debate. But how public perception is coming up about it and how, for example, 259 00:30:59,410 --> 00:31:09,170 like a physicalize in Texas then how Native American identity solve them and how can we debate and how we understand it with the, 260 00:31:09,170 --> 00:31:17,900 you know, public perception of indigenous indigeneity that we need to look through rather than gaming Lui's Indigenous and who's not. 261 00:31:17,900 --> 00:31:23,080 So, yeah, I think these are two questions. That's something, you know. 262 00:31:23,080 --> 00:31:29,940 There's one more from the Holy Mother who asks how and to what extent these transregional identities are dropped, 263 00:31:29,940 --> 00:31:39,070 what to sustain in mediaeval conditions at Crossroads. Oh, it was very much there because, you know, I couldn't discuss it much in my presentation. 264 00:31:39,070 --> 00:31:45,340 But even in like, I need Burri and a beautiful ZOS and Bush in a gown's, it was very much there. 265 00:31:45,340 --> 00:31:48,550 They were very cautious even in the time. Be sure, 266 00:31:48,550 --> 00:31:58,420 administration it was taken into account that there should not be unnecessarily conflicts with these strong regional networks of the indigenous 267 00:31:58,420 --> 00:32:07,360 communities living on the Highlands because it was very difficult to challenge their authority on the Highlands and they had to do the trade. 268 00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:13,480 So because it's only even British come and they start developing the road network, railway network. 269 00:32:13,480 --> 00:32:23,740 Then there is the dependency on Booton for declines. And that is actually the reason that it becomes almost like a known place of abundance 270 00:32:23,740 --> 00:32:28,480 because we don't find any bigos for them because railway networks will sawbuck. 271 00:32:28,480 --> 00:32:36,130 So it was and we know how moroun up it up, but I don't want to go for those illogical energetics of historiography. 272 00:32:36,130 --> 00:32:42,100 But we have to understand that this whole even sagittal Gaikwad, he was very clear about it. 273 00:32:42,100 --> 00:32:46,650 So even in people colonial narrative of an gogobot, peoples were done. 274 00:32:46,650 --> 00:32:55,130 They were very clear that how much dedicated they have to adopt and how much they have to believed to the indigenous IDP community of that region. 275 00:32:55,130 --> 00:33:01,420 And that very much is evident in the writings of Scandia and David Hardiman. 276 00:33:01,420 --> 00:33:08,050 If you could benefit two and one word from Peracha goods, I found you. 277 00:33:08,050 --> 00:33:10,530 Who says thank you for this wonderful paper. 278 00:33:10,530 --> 00:33:18,700 While you passingly mentioned that the geography of precolonial and colonial condition would also extend inside the border of Pakistan. 279 00:33:18,700 --> 00:33:23,040 Could you please elaborate on that? No, I do not think Continental logo on it. 280 00:33:23,040 --> 00:33:28,870 Saying no, you know, I mean, I guess the question is not computers yet. 281 00:33:28,870 --> 00:33:34,570 Is any collaborative research being done on mapping this cultural overlap? 282 00:33:34,570 --> 00:33:39,220 I don't think Condit is going up to up to Pakistan. 283 00:33:39,220 --> 00:33:42,820 You have to be. I didn't said if I have say it must be a mistake. 284 00:33:42,820 --> 00:33:48,550 It's not. I'm saying that the clock cross cultural identity. 285 00:33:48,550 --> 00:33:51,940 So it actually goes to all the highlands in the West, in India. 286 00:33:51,940 --> 00:33:57,220 So it's I believes it's the highland and plateau regions of the vist and botsio. 287 00:33:57,220 --> 00:34:07,360 You have some of the time. It is a. Com nexus. And because a very important part is that he is what actually part of the Muslim. 288 00:34:07,360 --> 00:34:13,810 I'm not mercenary actually. They were the allied military but was also. So for example, Electra thought always use them. 289 00:34:13,810 --> 00:34:21,220 And similarly, many of the 10 states use them. And they had gone not because of the trade connexions. 290 00:34:21,220 --> 00:34:28,660 They had Connexions. It actually needs more of the ABAL studies. I think that is a study by I'm and Rezwan or something. 291 00:34:28,660 --> 00:34:36,200 Her name is there. I may share it with Lutron and then I'm milit Monique Mehndi talking from Ravelli till Condit. 292 00:34:36,200 --> 00:34:40,060 So Ravelli, when there are support us and say Hendry's. 293 00:34:40,060 --> 00:34:50,140 This is the channel of the Highlands and Hollo in these highlands, the communities are indeed acting and developing a transcultural network. 294 00:34:50,140 --> 00:34:56,020 So that need to be understood in that context. And this study is already been done by callcott. 295 00:34:56,020 --> 00:35:04,270 In 2011, we can discuss about it for the. 296 00:35:04,270 --> 00:35:16,850 Game. Any questions from the panellists? They may think about something, BNA. 297 00:35:16,850 --> 00:35:22,150 Yeah. Would you like to say something about bricks in Kandace Bricks? 298 00:35:22,150 --> 00:35:28,670 The British administered colonial outpost. Are the bricks and of the big jobs. 299 00:35:28,670 --> 00:35:36,710 Actually, you know, when the beautiful study by Kon-Tiki margin of girls remains a seminal work in that context, 300 00:35:36,710 --> 00:35:43,580 because the biggest channel challenge for British Isles was to control because these trade creative conditions. 301 00:35:43,580 --> 00:35:50,030 And then also took control of the people who were actively benefit active beneficiaries of their trade. 302 00:35:50,030 --> 00:35:56,840 So be it. Coming up, a B, GOPs to gamble Outram and then Elphinston in bricks. 303 00:35:56,840 --> 00:36:03,230 Coming up in between, there is a good study by Jassam Goksel about being Gob's. 304 00:36:03,230 --> 00:36:07,120 So there was actually I'm looking on end of the people on that, 305 00:36:07,120 --> 00:36:15,920 that how the land rights were compromised, then the whole texture of the tribal autonomy. 306 00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:21,310 Was dislocated of the deformation of the condition because condition was not any GNC, 307 00:36:21,310 --> 00:36:31,040 it was properly as British controlled territory, unlike what we had the agencies in Veliko Tion subject, hydrogen's in Gujarat. 308 00:36:31,040 --> 00:36:35,730 So how. And definitely it has to do. I'm still working on my. 309 00:36:35,730 --> 00:36:41,780 Perhaps I'll be working with deans and professors glasswork as well for that because how they can 310 00:36:41,780 --> 00:36:50,220 only kind of go in and then the board on board Decline's and you come up with the plan Bombay Hub, 311 00:36:50,220 --> 00:36:55,550 which was never a metropolis in those times except because of the pace was because they had funding. 312 00:36:55,550 --> 00:37:00,970 But coming up, a Bombay has to do a lot with the decline of condition. 313 00:37:00,970 --> 00:37:08,960 Which, of course, David Gordon also speaks about. Question from Christian, he said. 314 00:37:08,960 --> 00:37:18,830 To what degree do we have to understand Adivasi and indigenously in relationship to various state formations such as Indian federalism? 315 00:37:18,830 --> 00:37:29,450 Is there a fundamental inability of the modern state and its reliance on colonial forms to make political sense of a community like the pits? 316 00:37:29,450 --> 00:37:33,460 I'm really glad you asked this question, Christian, because if you're not allowed, 317 00:37:33,460 --> 00:37:39,980 there is one other person who has walked on something lady simply communicated with. 318 00:37:39,980 --> 00:37:45,710 The trouble with Indian state formation is that indigeneity was never taken into consideration, 319 00:37:45,710 --> 00:37:54,150 except in Northeast, not east, because in NFR, Northeast from the agency was Nayaf. 320 00:37:54,150 --> 00:38:02,570 All those very strongly built around the idea of ingenuity and the autonomy which was given to NAFLD during the British Empire was 321 00:38:02,570 --> 00:38:10,280 more clear in understanding of what we find in the other parts of India equals more of an assimilation and different perspective. 322 00:38:10,280 --> 00:38:13,570 Therefore, state formation was the least bothered about it. 323 00:38:13,570 --> 00:38:20,280 And therefore, like we had this whole topcoder by by an urban debate and ultimately I had to settle in another land, 324 00:38:20,280 --> 00:38:24,480 couldn't make it rather than being in western India because it was completely 325 00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:32,100 ba ba ba ba ba as a pejorative that he decided that how the rest of India, 326 00:38:32,100 --> 00:38:38,960 the control its agency it is and therefore state formation was dick a minor league function. 327 00:38:38,960 --> 00:38:45,120 A God only linguistic identities and nibbler. The regional cultural identity which always will. 328 00:38:45,120 --> 00:38:49,260 Having the multilingual approach in their functionality, 329 00:38:49,260 --> 00:38:58,100 let's say vardy's that they speak withdraw the Varly and my already with equal branch on the way any other Lang community speaks. 330 00:38:58,100 --> 00:39:07,640 So calling and making any Indian state as unilingual on a singular single linguistic zone is one of the most. 331 00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:13,280 I would. I will. I feel it's one of the most complex way of dividing Indian states, you know, 332 00:39:13,280 --> 00:39:18,740 because as an Indian we know that none of us like the single language speakers. 333 00:39:18,740 --> 00:39:22,940 We all know one or two languages and we alike. 334 00:39:22,940 --> 00:39:30,350 That's why we speak so many languages, even in Wonsan Benzino, because we we have been about Menkin makeup is like that. 335 00:39:30,350 --> 00:39:39,170 So having one linguistic state and creating idea owned it is has it mean a big challenge in creating a BBC 336 00:39:39,170 --> 00:39:46,370 order and the genocide and Gatti's India and it has actually restrained them also to create their own spaces. 337 00:39:46,370 --> 00:39:50,750 And that's why we have to drag on. And that's what I discussed about. That's right. 338 00:39:50,750 --> 00:39:58,310 There is no justice given to any of these indigenous DHC, those tribal states which are being created in India. 339 00:39:58,310 --> 00:40:05,870 And the last quick one, and we have one more minute process, the glasses, the ugly British also due to of quality. 340 00:40:05,870 --> 00:40:09,560 Then you on the chiefs. That is billers and others. 341 00:40:09,560 --> 00:40:13,010 What beard to keep the process secure. Guard. 342 00:40:13,010 --> 00:40:20,660 What kind of guards. The same activity whom they're called Garcia English Garcia. 343 00:40:20,660 --> 00:40:21,990 That's right. That's right. Thank you. 344 00:40:21,990 --> 00:40:31,280 Professor Hoffler adding on this because that shows that how much autonomy of these island people who are respected and therefore. 345 00:40:31,280 --> 00:40:38,360 Thank you, Professor Uggla. I would definitely walk further on it and I hope to share more things with you. 346 00:40:38,360 --> 00:40:40,542 Thanks a lot.