The first presenter is Goba Sabarwal, and her paper is titled So Near, yet so far,
Marathi speakers in Bengal, Karnataka, Gopuff well, hi everybody can hear me.
Yes. So good evening and good morning, depending on which part of the world there is pleasure to be here.
And I'm a little bit stunned that I've been doing this work a to answer this is my first exposure to this school,
so I hope to be able to stay in touch as this round of work progresses.
So without much ado, I go straight into my bedroom. Because of what I see have a long tradition or mobility within and outside the country,
as many people in this conference would testify today, I will draw on my finger in what was then that have gone.
You want to? I'm not to describe some dimensions of the social and political life of one such group of speakers who are located
outside the territories on own master as it came to be part of this also linguistic reorganisation of India in 1956,
the result of widespread public education in many parts of the country.
My initial fieldwork in Bengal was designed to redress an imbalance in the study of social life in India,
namely Indian sociology lack of an all encompassing analytical framework that would enable
scholars to take into account the multiplicity of social divisions that exist in the city.
I chose to make the case that the collective identity is based on language, religion,
sex and mantras are best described using the framework of ethnic groups and ethnicity links or enables and even handed discussing
all components of Indian social life and liberate sociology of India overdependence on caste as the primary category of analysis,
thus relegating all other groups also reconstituted into the background.
Different Disney's various attributes may be as markers of identity or as the basis
of social cohesion the groups that gave rise who tend to be of the same order.
The inclusion of all forms of collective identity on the same scale gives a more comprehensive coverage of the complexities of life.
My focus in my initial work was to map out these various ethnic groups and this definition, and also that interactions across various fields.
So this mix, I was later compelled to add the category of class defined by education,
income and occupation in order to explain the dynamics of everyday life,
more especially the manner in which the complex ethnic divisions implement fiscal changes.
But the present discussion I will avoid going into the next year, adopted by the States Reorganisation Commission when determining state boundaries,
which resulted in Verizon and surrounding areas finding themselves on the other side of the border.
Thus, when these linguistic minority in a state want to do this, book another language.
For those unfamiliar with the drawing of boundaries,
I would say that the reverse was also the case with Canada speaking population in southern Mudassar,
who found themselves on the Maraxus side of the border. The first point that needs to be established is that life, the group that I'm talking about,
which is the speakers in Belgium, are not immigrant population,
but rather this sizeable population is the result of a natural historical spat over language with substantial speakers,
which is a common enough concern of science class, linguistic and political or administrative boundaries.
Did not overlap in the consolidation of linguistic and administrative boundaries is the fact of modern history of independent India and has had,
as we shall see, many ramifications. The organisation of Indian states on linguistic basis dares to overlook a basic truth about Indian society,
which is that it has been multilingual at both the societal and individual level.
What a very long time. The regional students on linguistic lines, one allowing for regional languages to be grouped together,
also created a model of dominant, monolingual ism.
This goes against the reality of my reading wilcox's.
This idea is probably the result of Western nationalism, which is, I think, in monolingual one of us.
However, it is worth noting that Marathi speakers in Belgium,
where the focus of this discussion have continued to reside in the state following the reorganisation as they had forced the change in administrative
status from the Bombay Presidency in Mysore and then from Mexico State has not resulted in any outmigration or graft towards the sector.
The continuous link with the geographical region as remains irrespective of administratively orderly.
There's been a slight change in the relative size of the monarchy with this kind of population or do well into the 90s or even early 2000s,
there are more modern speakers in there with you then senator speakers that I no longer.
2011 census that Canada speaker speaker would give them the markets this year anyway.
The continual residence should not, however, be that as a sign of acceptance and then as an embracing of the culture of defensiveness.
The then go city and the Marathi speaking areas have witnessed much political and social unrest over the years.
And what follows somewhat inspired by the local papers for this contest with its focus on the Marathi speaking diaspora,
I'm attempting a slightly different reading of the situation in Bengal from what was the focus of my initial work.
I will today analyse with the benefit of hindsight,
both the positives and the negatives of the antagonistic and confrontational approach that the local, the nation and build on the district set down.
The biggest city in most another got adopted and was encouraged to adopt by others.
He's looking at us, reconsider its policies and also this reflects what has been the result of this sustained focus.
Who has benefits benefited from it? And is it time to adopt a different strategy?
These are some of the issues that I would like to point out today.
On the political front, leading the opposition to the allocation of battlegrounds events or Benghazi, as it is now called the knockout,
there is a movement seeking to merge all border areas with office because outnumber Canadians this monastery.
This demand has been spearheaded by the monarchs in this local political organisation.
Connected also to the leading acting was different in that area. Another have been joined by politicians in the monastic side,
but not to do well out of power and looking to give themselves millions over the years to associate with the formal process.
Who doesn't like this and the disruption of bus services?
The periodic submitting memoranda to each new Prime Minister on Chief Minister Omar Usher and the contents
of the representation and the barbs exchanged across borders by politicians has remained largely unchanged.
The newest coinage by the current minister, Mudassar in January 2021 describes disputed areas economic woes,
leaving them on astronomical, my restaurant or in much more explosive devices made.
At a more formal level, the main political demands for the decision of the reorganisation committee was
actually just absolutely examined by another commission appointed in 1966.
This was the Manhattan commission was a board allowed the communes and the country and no answer.
It rejected the demands of the structure of the award was not allowed to be implemented.
The matter has also been taken to the Supreme Court. In 2006,
the government announced it is now demanding why some parties for all disputed areas
are not to publicly declared a union parity in the resolution of this dispute.
Or less national level political parties have no interest at the local level politics in Vietnam.
And for the first time in September 2021, the city corporation elections were held on party lines and in a sign of some change
coming in the I'm sorry the the the election was swept by the National Party,
with the MERS almost giving way.
So this has of course been interpreted by politicians as the acceptance of the developmental agenda by people as opposed to language issues.
Politics aside, the real area of contention and unrest has been education and its subsequent impact on occupation and social life.
What I feel is going to belong to two distinct language groups,
and the other one would argue speakers have been constantly exposed to Canada and many are bilingual or have at least a working knowledge of Canada.
It is the imposition of the state language,
especially in schools and on all inhabitants who encounter governance that has caused the greatest resentment.
The decline of Canada as a compulsory language in schools has not been smooth sailing.
The state government left the language policy in 1994, mandating Canada for all students in primary education.
This was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2014,
which ruled that the government order was unconstitutional because it violated the right to receive information in the manner of one's choice.
The Canadian government retaliated by passing the Canada Language Learning review and got gratitude by a
voice for making it mandatory for all students studying in classes one percent in all schools in the state.
The Resource Canada language as one of the compulsory languages and this would happen in a phased manner,
starting with the academic year 2015 16, irrespective of whether the Canada wants to take the place of first or second language.
Address the language used is the implementation of language excuses, electricity and utility bills and licence forms and bus boards in Canada.
We have to recognise that this use of state language is a dominant monoculture and is a means of disabling.
Civic participation is not unique to economic growth,
which often cites the imposition of I see in the neighbouring state as justification for its policies.
The commonest complaint of local people is harassment in government offices and the unhelpful attitude of those who ran the public interface,
and especially the local police who insist on speaking with senator.
Despite the seeming animosity, relations of the ground level between speakers of both languages,
people have friendships across language schools and solid work.
And for those who work in any kind of business or in the market,
the fact is that if one lives in an atmosphere with a heightened sense of linguistic identity and distribution or victimhood,
you will have three incidents of miscommunication which could be overlooked in another conflict can be constructed as deliberate discrimination.
Yes, complicit public functionaries easily have been accused by officials across the country
will have to deal with New Yorkers irrespective of the language of interaction.
And administrative policy in the delivery of service would use the tensions and calm things down.
Then the defendant is going to against grain. This regard any relaxation with respect, the ones that dispute.
Some items on music control exercised by the states have actually been rendered beyond their control due to the growth of technology.
One big issue was is television,
the introduction of cable television and the subsequent proliferation of private news and entertainment venues in all of this.
I've described the speed we were consuming or imposing programming in the state language on all inhabitants, irrespective of their mother tongue.
Each person can watch entertainment or be educated in their own or other languages, and there's no cause for complaint about loss of control.
My focus is more on the idea that I want to put forth my long term process that threatens to redraw the boundaries of the states.
I'm bound to invoke that examination.
Connecticut government did just that in 2014, when the names of 12 cities were changed in consonance pronunciation, things done.
Senator Arms then suddenly became redevelopment.
The proposal has been moved to mark the 50th anniversary of state, with the other major decisions taken to mark the golden jubilee.
Performance of the state was the construction of an alternate state legislative means that the government has done so.
It was conceived and built. Decongest will be done so that Bangalore and was inaugurated in 2012 by the president.
You Legislature sessions have been held there so far.
What's the best part of the year because those bills that is still up now officially live the second capital of Karnataka,
which would ensure that it would never be done? Thus, as things stand, Marathi speakers in Belgium or those living as close to home as possible,
while they have no restrictions on travel or crossing over to the state or in or intermarried or other social
and cultural exchanges continue to be far away and the gone by the dawn of this one is over inter-state border.
The fact is that we should have been continually criticised as not have the situation there for the longest time,
the political acceptance that we got five minutes left.
I just never gave you the excuse that was given for not finding a political
solution was that we need a situation where the same party is in flower in Russia,
Canada and centre. As we know in India, secularists of the same political party are sometimes open at variance with each other.
And so even when this condition finally was met, no politically, no, no solution whatsoever.
The result has been a situation that is unsettled for 60 years because health
people from accepting the reality of linguistic space with all of their problems,
children are brainwashed into thinking Canada even before they gain confidence in the classroom.
Looking at us because we observe the all families of those who seek this with their state and the cycle of mutual distress.
At one level with. And yet we know that despite this from some creative dissent in what has been written
in my writers living on the negative side of the border by some audiences this year,
it is now very clear that one large state will not seek to retreat to another, you know, in the manner, and it is one thing to.
See, also, this issue is not and never has been, and almost certainly should be done best in this area.
Is this only in the regions in southern Modesto?
And so it's not likely to result in a loss of life, so it is an occupation nonetheless.
Go on despite innocence, if only the message from the beginning would have been one of coexistence in a multilingual statement.
Given this nature and the acceptance that marketing is not a barrier to communication.
The story may have been different. Each Indian state has been reached by the presence of outsiders with this land.
The real problems are based on not withstanding Marathi speakers or the diaspora in and out of India
could help articulate a message of accommodation while continuing to fight for the rights of citizens.
Maybe what India needs now a new model of governance which account for multiple identities,
especially in the words of the designated important constitutional body to make this happen?
The Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities has been largely ineffectual in making life easier for linguistic minorities in the state,
so I'm just going to end with saying it is time to rethink this time for whether you think
whether such a long focus movement is achieving anything or it is also trying to force.
The question is justice is done with regards to grammatical state that have reached a level of irrelevance of linguistic nationalism.
I thank you.