1 00:00:00,300 --> 00:00:10,420 The second paper. Well, by McCarran second. 2 00:00:10,420 --> 00:00:16,960 Merkel and Sarkozy will speak on comparing two traditions workers theatre movement and Rush to 3 00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:25,030 see what they'll come up at the circulation of the form of the mash up in 1992 and gets injured. 4 00:00:25,030 --> 00:00:29,640 Merkel and Sarkozy. Thank you, sir. 5 00:00:29,640 --> 00:00:38,120 And hi, everybody. I would like to start off by giving some background on reciprocated occurrence, 6 00:00:38,120 --> 00:00:45,920 namely workforce's taken and the socialist parties that I should say, whether allopathic flourished and use the form of the mushkil. 7 00:00:45,920 --> 00:00:54,950 Prior to 1843, this is the first big on monitor, did not have any theatre in the modern sense, apart from some other place hidden by mostly Mara, 8 00:00:54,950 --> 00:01:02,300 the Thanjavur and beneath that about this place to the first ones in Bharathi did not influence theatre on a size. 9 00:01:02,300 --> 00:01:08,760 They were often too far away from Russia, as it is in the places that we were, 10 00:01:08,760 --> 00:01:17,060 where in 43 really taken as the first plane Marussia, if not in mid-air. 11 00:01:17,060 --> 00:01:24,320 There were many folk forms before that, such as the Myesha Lily wander over to the shelter, 12 00:01:24,320 --> 00:01:29,720 and many others of Mr Marshall arguably was the closest to modern theatre. 13 00:01:29,720 --> 00:01:37,070 It is a free flowing for me, very conducive to the variations of Wilson's sociopolitical content as modern theatre. 14 00:01:37,070 --> 00:01:48,470 Later on, I realised that my show always had always and generally had a strong element of their art, but it also had other elements. 15 00:01:48,470 --> 00:01:51,000 It reflected social reality. 16 00:01:51,000 --> 00:02:00,920 But as we say in Looper, given of a common man at that border in Soviet eras, chivalry and so an entire element of politics, 17 00:02:00,920 --> 00:02:08,720 there also were spiritual elements like spiritual elements in the part of So Job or literally 18 00:02:08,720 --> 00:02:15,750 one ring involving showmanship or in the form of what was called as basic the Mash-Up. 19 00:02:15,750 --> 00:02:21,990 Unfortunately, the measures of a specific type had gained a lot of importance during the partial rule late, 20 00:02:21,990 --> 00:02:26,850 which were especially in the pay period of budget of the second, 21 00:02:26,850 --> 00:02:34,410 which revealed exclusively around the erotic dimension in general and followed the debauchery that had become rampant in the community, 22 00:02:34,410 --> 00:02:37,590 especially amongst the elites. That is Brahmins. 23 00:02:37,590 --> 00:02:46,610 That is why Shaheer hear from that period at the nice rather budgies Ishihara now kg who is the aura that I hold yourself to? 24 00:02:46,610 --> 00:02:54,690 The it was the. One of the reasons behind promoting the first Marathi place wedding in 43 in the form of 25 00:02:54,690 --> 00:03:00,120 a mythological yet shogun was to counteract the influence of this kind of the mash up. 26 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:05,490 Apart from other many other reasons like promoting Brahmin typical nonsense which were on the decline, 27 00:03:05,490 --> 00:03:12,510 countering the Christian missionaries and giving vent their anger at having lost political power to the British, 28 00:03:12,510 --> 00:03:20,430 many kinds of plays followed the mythological place bookish players, bosses, 29 00:03:20,430 --> 00:03:25,440 not many others, which did not use the form of a mash up on the background. 30 00:03:25,440 --> 00:03:36,180 It is worth noting that my cell phone was used again by almost all categories vigilant politically and socially subversive lake moccasins theatre, 31 00:03:36,180 --> 00:03:46,260 I should say about, but that delicate moment created an experiment to detect even theatre like that show the pigeons in America rejects it, 32 00:03:46,260 --> 00:03:52,260 then either in the form of artist Prasanna or Tamasha going to vulgar in Marathi. 33 00:03:52,260 --> 00:03:57,870 Second, background on which the current cinema addressing RTÉ One was the fact that 34 00:03:57,870 --> 00:04:03,540 mainstream middle class upper caste Marathi theatre was in one of his darker phases, 35 00:04:03,540 --> 00:04:14,310 which lasted from mid 1920s 1960s. That doesn't mean that all the plays in that period were bad, but given the acclaim in general, 36 00:04:14,310 --> 00:04:25,770 one of the main commercial reasons was that the first talkie either mirror game in 1931 and the audience turned away from theatre is anyone but. 37 00:04:25,770 --> 00:04:33,150 Even more importantly, so many changes in the socio political reality had taken place in this period, both on national and global level. 38 00:04:33,150 --> 00:04:37,710 That it may be difficult to find another period matching it. I need not in this. 39 00:04:37,710 --> 00:04:46,110 This changes in detail in this gathering of historians, but there will be some in the audience who are like me, not historians. 40 00:04:46,110 --> 00:04:52,230 And so I would like to mention only a few of the major changes that took place in this period. 41 00:04:52,230 --> 00:04:56,310 Gandhi had returned to India a few years back and taking the reins from it. 42 00:04:56,310 --> 00:05:00,630 In recent years, I started mass movements, which is the picture of politics. 43 00:05:00,630 --> 00:05:09,510 I'm very tired of the attempt to India just a few years back, and had decided in 1935 that he would convert from Hinduism and actually did convert 44 00:05:09,510 --> 00:05:16,320 to Buddhism in 1956 to organisations which radically radically different ideologies. 45 00:05:16,320 --> 00:05:23,820 Communist Party of India and Russia since Kissinger had been started just a few years before World War Two, 46 00:05:23,820 --> 00:05:29,340 which claimed the 60 million lives happened between 1939 and 1945. 47 00:05:29,340 --> 00:05:34,740 English colonial, bombastic British French Spanish weakened after the war. 48 00:05:34,740 --> 00:05:40,110 The unparalleled violence and destruction that took place in this period made humanity changes, 49 00:05:40,110 --> 00:05:44,370 ideas about modernity, science, scientific reason and technology. 50 00:05:44,370 --> 00:05:49,230 This was reflected in philosophy, literature, theatre and all of this with finance. 51 00:05:49,230 --> 00:05:56,580 India got its independence and there was immense violence to come to the partition that we accepted. 52 00:05:56,580 --> 00:06:00,780 India accepted a democratic system of governance with the Constitution. 53 00:06:00,780 --> 00:06:07,290 First, two general elections took place and that democracy was firmly established in India. 54 00:06:07,290 --> 00:06:11,640 The pace of in this revolution in India increased the changes. 55 00:06:11,640 --> 00:06:17,460 The change of change in mode production and at least in the some of the cities started taking root. 56 00:06:17,460 --> 00:06:23,850 India as an identity started emerging, although this process was to continue for years to come. 57 00:06:23,850 --> 00:06:28,740 Middle classes in upper caste were under the delusion after getting independence 58 00:06:28,740 --> 00:06:32,910 that know all the problems we have solved and everything will be hunky dory. 59 00:06:32,910 --> 00:06:36,180 Where to get a rude shock that it was not. 60 00:06:36,180 --> 00:06:42,480 It was difficult for the mainstream theatre to make meaning of all these changes and create theatre which would address them. 61 00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:49,740 It was to wake up. We get a rude shock from 1960s and one of the writers, so it is possible, 62 00:06:49,740 --> 00:07:02,070 but it is worth the theatre and listening will play did sense of the change in the existing political reality. 63 00:07:02,070 --> 00:07:11,280 In the same period, they wrote 1945 at a huge audiences talked about both global issues and both use the phone with the media, 64 00:07:11,280 --> 00:07:14,790 which was abandoned by the upper class, upper class, so-called high art. 65 00:07:14,790 --> 00:07:19,590 Since long back, they did this obviously to circulate their ideological positions. 66 00:07:19,590 --> 00:07:27,660 And so the way they used the media exhibited interesting differences in the differences in the content from as 67 00:07:27,660 --> 00:07:33,960 well as the social class which involved in creating the locus theatre movement called the theatre new to us. 68 00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:38,970 Nevertheless, it and the Russian Tibetan culture, but that culture plays nicely at the mash up. 69 00:07:38,970 --> 00:07:48,230 But I still don't that it. I propose to compare this to theatre occurrence by comparing it to place as written by two writers belonging to these two. 70 00:07:48,230 --> 00:07:55,220 Additions and abuse started with earlier and built a Deshpande expert with the lack of the name of the rasheedat, 71 00:07:55,220 --> 00:08:02,300 though much harder to get done by a pool of this fun day was put out by dealers in the area and the acquirer who wanted to, 72 00:08:02,300 --> 00:08:07,170 which sorted and set up by the major title, the Ferrari. 73 00:08:07,170 --> 00:08:15,050 Got the need to ensure the general description of these deletions is as follows. 74 00:08:15,050 --> 00:08:21,740 The organisations that I thought organisation that I should say about this was established in 1936 within Congress. 75 00:08:21,740 --> 00:08:33,580 Later in 1947, the quit Congress and momentous travel was toted up in 1946 to open the way to mandating buttoned up, up up. 76 00:08:33,580 --> 00:08:40,610 What does that add up to evaluate the ideas of Russia's survival during this movement? 77 00:08:40,610 --> 00:08:44,300 They call their place are roster the Marshal, National Team Russia. 78 00:08:44,300 --> 00:08:49,250 It is interesting to note that we know that's why we call these these old mythological place, 79 00:08:49,250 --> 00:08:55,190 which was partly to counter to Masha as the Russian government to national entertainment. 80 00:08:55,190 --> 00:09:00,990 The main principles of Russia's Inverdale Beer Summit. One commitment to science to secularism. 81 00:09:00,990 --> 00:09:04,130 Nationalism for people inspired by socialism. 82 00:09:04,130 --> 00:09:11,690 I mention this because all of my shows that develop at the platform revolve around at least a few of these principles. 83 00:09:11,690 --> 00:09:17,780 The list of writers and artists and artists were associated with the club, but there is a long one. 84 00:09:17,780 --> 00:09:22,310 Some of those in the insular was in pop, but in the spunlago when they're big and traditional. 85 00:09:22,310 --> 00:09:26,450 But it the 70s that I quoted ajumogobia record at modern parties. 86 00:09:26,450 --> 00:09:31,730 Some good party new locally, but I'm never gonna to offer multiple predictions. 87 00:09:31,730 --> 00:09:36,290 Apparently, Prof. Yeah. Yeah, these meetup parties, etc. 88 00:09:36,290 --> 00:09:42,080 Well, this is it originated in Mumbai, and when we began to develop into New Brighton, 89 00:09:42,080 --> 00:09:51,830 Buddhism distils its data from late 19th century, but workers from the rest of my Russia began migrating to Mumbai in large numbers. 90 00:09:51,830 --> 00:09:58,280 Naturally, the city was full of tremendous energy, but then with colliding intrinsic qualities, 91 00:09:58,280 --> 00:10:03,020 the working class in the modern city still came into being in the country. 92 00:10:03,020 --> 00:10:12,290 It was not only the dawn of a new era, but also the prelude to modern self exploitation and violence. 93 00:10:12,290 --> 00:10:18,590 The workers used to live in just one or two rooms animals, either with their families or on their own. 94 00:10:18,590 --> 00:10:24,860 The roots to the cultural middle of this social group lay deep in the peculiarities of the charts 95 00:10:24,860 --> 00:10:30,710 and the various traditions of folk forms that also used to organise Miller's midnight gatherings. 96 00:10:30,710 --> 00:10:40,400 Numerous traditional Liverpool folk performances, such as the mash up poets in Bowery, I can wonder borrowed money and it used to happen in this jobs. 97 00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:46,220 A powerful and vibrant working class theatre was born out of this intense activity, 98 00:10:46,220 --> 00:10:53,090 and it followed the political line of the major business unions, which were affiliated to the Communist Party of India. 99 00:10:53,090 --> 00:11:00,200 The most famous group amongst them was called Longboat along with it, and it was born in 1944. 100 00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:09,950 These troops stayed with the machine. The leaders of the troops were people like our nobles stayed on message to go on. 101 00:11:09,950 --> 00:11:21,500 This included an the operative Babu Satish Sheikh Generation Gen Shaheed about Raja Patil, Madhukar Kaka and closer the occupation. 102 00:11:21,500 --> 00:11:28,070 And by be the most significant aspect of this movement was that even though the police were created by playwrights 103 00:11:28,070 --> 00:11:35,060 who were not highly educated and were performed in front of thousands of workers who also were mostly uneducated, 104 00:11:35,060 --> 00:11:42,830 the teams were not. The teams were not there to make the superficially David ideologically articulated and were well-informed in them. 105 00:11:42,830 --> 00:11:50,210 Evidence of global politics the Communist Party was in power then it was all kinds of ways to stop this place. 106 00:11:50,210 --> 00:11:54,350 Starting is all tied up with it, putting a lot of money in these people up with it. 107 00:11:54,350 --> 00:12:00,950 Their own DNA testing, the ideas of the Communist Party curl up with it and banning that much as been. 108 00:12:00,950 --> 00:12:06,470 There was some commonality between two snooker's that I'm talking about, 109 00:12:06,470 --> 00:12:14,460 like what I thought the import of the martial arts in the sense that they got out the erotic element, the stronger engagement. 110 00:12:14,460 --> 00:12:19,310 But I mean, both of them addressed many other issues apart from the recently Bensons. 111 00:12:19,310 --> 00:12:24,440 For example, the issues of the nuclear moratorium. But there were many differences as well. 112 00:12:24,440 --> 00:12:30,530 Most of the writers from the Workers Theatre were workers instances. Apart from exceptions like Shehadeh Gavankar, 113 00:12:30,530 --> 00:12:40,970 where most of the socialist put up with this were middle-class writers and upper caste writers already established as many mainstream writers. 114 00:12:40,970 --> 00:12:48,200 Apart from exceptions like New Rule and other, don't get the gun on their deity evoking song at the. 115 00:12:48,200 --> 00:12:56,510 The beginning of the tradition of the major was at least originally Ganapathy, when it, I should say, maintaining this tradition at risk. 116 00:12:56,510 --> 00:13:02,410 But they don't so much as the workers this year at this labour power in that. 117 00:13:02,410 --> 00:13:06,230 And this days, many the criticising each other as well. 118 00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:14,360 The most prominent example and most hearty example being large amounts of us fussing regarding the attack by Red China. 119 00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:18,950 But I should say about this group, which attacked the Communist Party's position on China, 120 00:13:18,950 --> 00:13:24,740 which was paradoxical for obvious reasons after China attacked India in 1962. 121 00:13:24,740 --> 00:13:29,600 Now I come to one specific, much easier from these two characters. 122 00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:34,910 The first is purely by the leader wanted by the Sun. 123 00:13:34,910 --> 00:13:38,870 And that is right in Myanmar, but the leader by another osaki. 124 00:13:38,870 --> 00:13:45,960 The letter was attorneys at the expense of the first honourable continue the excellent tradition in erstwhile monarchy, 125 00:13:45,960 --> 00:13:54,920 Teodoro retaliating against an opposing player with another bully instead of trying to stop by, stop it by force, stone pelting or mobility. 126 00:13:54,920 --> 00:14:03,320 We seem to be the last of the last few decades. Briefly, the story of this is that I share the mash up provided by who goes like this. 127 00:14:03,320 --> 00:14:07,880 The village of barbarism is not is not undergoing development. 128 00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:16,910 Why not? Because there is no leader for the village. The villagers advertise in newspapers declaring that they are looking for such a leader. 129 00:14:16,910 --> 00:14:21,710 Some leaders come to Bardugo after reading the advertisement to begin with. 130 00:14:21,710 --> 00:14:30,840 In the Hindu fanatic leader belonging to Hindu Masturbated, he tells them that if they embrace the religion, all issues will be solved. 131 00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:37,100 Then communist arrives. He asks them to light the fire of the revolution. 132 00:14:37,100 --> 00:14:41,570 The villagers simply don't understand even the language language of these two. 133 00:14:41,570 --> 00:14:46,910 The speech of the light doing this work like words like re-litigate bourgeoisie, Glass-Steagall, 134 00:14:46,910 --> 00:14:52,430 etc. all the time talks about and awards mass instead in which they do not like either. 135 00:14:52,430 --> 00:14:58,400 They do. Machover leader speaks in the Marathi that is Soledad in ways that they can't understand that either. 136 00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:03,380 After them comes, it would destroy them. That is the meeting of body and soul. 137 00:15:03,380 --> 00:15:09,310 What is your beauty? Makes a racist? Toward the end, they should say, we must go. 138 00:15:09,310 --> 00:15:14,070 Below is disbanded. They said they gives hollow advice like meaningless spread. 139 00:15:14,070 --> 00:15:22,070 Love occupies his universe, at least fasting, that sort of thing, spinning club garden ghee from cow's milk, 140 00:15:22,070 --> 00:15:29,000 etc. In the end, the villagers too are distracted to mush us as leaders who the farm to the village. 141 00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:34,400 Then it is in the image that they are actually the devil that the players they 142 00:15:34,400 --> 00:15:38,360 are actually Rasha Silva deliver birth and do not want to become leaders, 143 00:15:38,360 --> 00:15:44,270 but want the women workers that tell them that everything is organised them, said Devi. 144 00:15:44,270 --> 00:15:57,500 Invitation. Yeah, yeah. Know that the villagers themselves with the head and the should organise themselves with the help of Russia. 145 00:15:57,500 --> 00:16:03,320 Say about that, and the villagers would sort out the problems by ruling themselves by consensus. 146 00:16:03,320 --> 00:16:09,350 At the end of the day, Masha, along with the realisation that the leaders must be from amongst the villages. 147 00:16:09,350 --> 00:16:16,400 There is also mention of some technical solutions for this push for the social reforms in the financial development, 148 00:16:16,400 --> 00:16:20,210 for example, new fertilisers, new clothes, new technology, 149 00:16:20,210 --> 00:16:25,880 etc. It seems like the Sambadrome movement of that time unopposed idea of 150 00:16:25,880 --> 00:16:31,190 politics into the solution to the problems of his village was very different. 151 00:16:31,190 --> 00:16:39,590 The story of Nowto mash up will remain in short, is this people of a religious McGeary are not happy of their condition. 152 00:16:39,590 --> 00:16:44,800 The leader of that instead, it is called Beautiful Day, as you can very easily understand, 153 00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:50,720 it is set out in an image that is going to arrive to address the immediate public building. 154 00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:58,970 People have gathered. Therefore, it does not arrive as his god is broken has broken down the impure he museum and fence museum. 155 00:16:58,970 --> 00:17:03,860 Defensive guns have been there. He also stays and is just Menzel's. 156 00:17:03,860 --> 00:17:11,090 Many eventually raised to the local parties in charge of the organisation, gets angry and organises the meeting next day. 157 00:17:11,090 --> 00:17:20,210 But because the real leaders at the same time one beautifully promised talk, it is clear that is that it belongs to the Congress, who, by the way, 158 00:17:20,210 --> 00:17:22,700 with just enough Congress enjoin the new party, 159 00:17:22,700 --> 00:17:31,550 presumably presumably the Socialist Party and the third the local leader political were better led to who is one of them. 160 00:17:31,550 --> 00:17:35,720 There is obviously a lot of debate follows amongst the three, 161 00:17:35,720 --> 00:17:43,490 the first to talk about how they fought the British and got independence and how they plan to start many grand projects to help the poor. 162 00:17:43,490 --> 00:17:48,030 But as the Turns two says that it was the people like him who fought the. 163 00:17:48,030 --> 00:17:56,280 The British and the existing leaders only talk about whether they actually indulge in violence against the poor, including fighting with us today. 164 00:17:56,280 --> 00:18:01,230 There is a clear division between the leader of the region and the leader of the world. 165 00:18:01,230 --> 00:18:10,990 There is an interesting dialogue in the play where the parties is that the leaders are the people who become Brahma and bring a rama raja. 166 00:18:10,990 --> 00:18:14,310 But there were no mills in the time of arraignment. 167 00:18:14,310 --> 00:18:22,260 Now this leaders want the common man to remain poor and become drama and to work in this mess of glory, 168 00:18:22,260 --> 00:18:32,640 the clock that they believe will be used by the ravenous, the rich people like the leader and his followers, etc. that bigotry must stop. 169 00:18:32,640 --> 00:18:39,390 The two players have some interesting similarities. Both of them use the former to match up very well. 170 00:18:39,390 --> 00:18:42,600 Both of them talk about a villager this meltdown. 171 00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:49,860 Both are convinced that nothing good has come their way after independence and they have been cheated by their rulers. 172 00:18:49,860 --> 00:18:57,660 That is the National Congress. Against the leaders who come from outside both the simple, everyday and visionless attire. 173 00:18:57,660 --> 00:19:00,390 But there are some interesting differences also. 174 00:19:00,390 --> 00:19:08,640 Well, Deshpande is concerned about the lack of acidity in the town like Boothroyd's mean the indigenous water school, 175 00:19:08,640 --> 00:19:18,420 etc. and I've always more concerned about poverty and use of violence against workers when they demand their rights. 176 00:19:18,420 --> 00:19:28,380 Like Dish, one talks about social work being done by Russian civil workers to stop corruption and building a political consensus by the townspeople. 177 00:19:28,380 --> 00:19:33,030 Innocence does not want politics and difference of opinion. A very meticulous approach. 178 00:19:33,030 --> 00:19:40,050 What I never talks about clearly is class struggle. A leader who is brought against a leader who is worth whether this fund is theatre. 179 00:19:40,050 --> 00:19:47,460 The he is polished the language more than money and is human more for want of a better word, sophisticated. 180 00:19:47,460 --> 00:19:54,000 Another technique is more drastic, more direct, and his humour has more punch. 181 00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:59,790 I would have liked to put a few dialogues is illustration, but can't do it due to the paucity of time. 182 00:19:59,790 --> 00:20:05,070 Unfortunately, both the tradition we conducted in this takes firing. 183 00:20:05,070 --> 00:20:09,570 There are many reasons why they did, but that would be a story for another paper. 184 00:20:09,570 --> 00:20:10,880 Thank you very much.