1 00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:04,320 Let's move to our final paper. A man, Guillain-Barre, 2 00:00:04,320 --> 00:00:13,530 a doctor from Harvard University in collapse saw in the paper that seems to link so much of the discussions in the previous paper. 3 00:00:13,530 --> 00:00:23,730 Together at the title of the talk is that a trade circulation of commodities and transition in urban patterns in Deccan and Cancun, 4 00:00:23,730 --> 00:00:28,290 it conquered towns in the 17th and 18th centuries. 5 00:00:28,290 --> 00:00:40,200 So please the numbers. OK. 6 00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:43,920 Good evening. Good morning. Good afternoon. 7 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:56,880 My people are mostly it is mainly talking about what transitions will what it will be open five minutes of sort of broken bones. 8 00:00:56,880 --> 00:01:06,210 What you're advocating for coupon codes for the case study because of the student population of the east in 17 18 century. 9 00:01:06,210 --> 00:01:12,930 So let me go ahead. The BPP is not. 10 00:01:12,930 --> 00:01:23,250 Yes. So many border towns dotted the coastline, the coastline and the wind, which developed a wide range of water and inland waterways. 11 00:01:23,250 --> 00:01:26,790 These storms greatly expanded their commercial and industrial activity. 12 00:01:26,790 --> 00:01:33,090 In this context of breeding birds in Arabian Sea port and towns along the deep ocean, 13 00:01:33,090 --> 00:01:39,870 forced open water ports made their way in Indian Indian commodity trade in particular, 14 00:01:39,870 --> 00:01:41,790 and indications that engendered, 15 00:01:41,790 --> 00:01:53,820 as we can see by checking the pulse of trade in broken coastal waters such as Regular Gardevoir in South London and Joe and tiny gardens in not open. 16 00:01:53,820 --> 00:02:03,000 The Europeans were looking at these birds or these basically as economic hinterland, but these four did not just go into land or economic in the land, 17 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:10,320 but contributed as a political leader and all ports develop on the same perilous principle of economic development of the region. 18 00:02:10,320 --> 00:02:14,850 Therefore, what determines the region for all of what is not just economic practise? 19 00:02:14,850 --> 00:02:25,680 So the Europeans existence on the co-composed fits into this pattern of thought acquisition building of factories on these boards, the bus that. 20 00:02:25,680 --> 00:02:31,590 Now this particular thing, this particular pattern changes the dynamics of good circulations and transition. 21 00:02:31,590 --> 00:02:41,910 In fact, to a sense of what I find, what is next to give a background of what was about investors in this area. 22 00:02:41,910 --> 00:02:50,850 There was an example of the adage of the job board and later the miracle on the Shivaji and his naval men angrezi. 23 00:02:50,850 --> 00:03:00,690 Later in 18th century, we told the Portuguese English, Dutch French had to create an operation, thus creating world of Arabian Sea and Arabian Sea, 24 00:03:00,690 --> 00:03:09,480 and necessity and formation of new economic zones and economic naval becomes important for European cities. 25 00:03:09,480 --> 00:03:19,650 I give you here and just a look of the Golden Gold Coast, in which the Yellow Submarine marks these boards as boats on the Baltic, 26 00:03:19,650 --> 00:03:27,120 which interacted with the outer zone of the AutoZone of the colon and hinterland networks. 27 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:38,400 So now to talk about the radar was Typekit. English looked at exactly as an entry point to the West and flows in the same hinterland, 28 00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:45,810 which which was not so near to the English, looked at just because it would because Axlerod moguls, 29 00:03:45,810 --> 00:03:50,760 by imposing a lot of, you know, the taxes and impositions and restrictions, 30 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:57,990 and they wanted a port which so that which which should have been which should be out of this political interference. 31 00:03:57,990 --> 00:04:07,440 So British looked and also it was also an occupation for market, thousands of spices and other goods, specially in my book. 32 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:14,010 Now what I book and Googling these are the Deccan Market towns that had a direct access from Raj upwards, 33 00:04:14,010 --> 00:04:20,380 and therefore the English were interested in occupying or having a seat at the. 34 00:04:20,380 --> 00:04:27,240 Now I have just given a chart read what kind of books that we were circulated between these 35 00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:32,940 mainline and hinterland and for life transactions there was before there was brought large. 36 00:04:32,940 --> 00:04:38,940 Assad must go. I'm like, no, somebody in books and other books that well, 37 00:04:38,940 --> 00:04:46,020 then the major part the major market that right where you had lots of people and you will also 38 00:04:46,020 --> 00:04:52,740 find it rises and and according to yours and which were competitively not that expensive, 39 00:04:52,740 --> 00:04:59,220 that they would get it their us. So therefore they were interested in forming the at large. 40 00:04:59,220 --> 00:05:09,360 So what we see here is that this formation, if you have a trade artefact, the advantage you have, you can fall. 41 00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:13,410 There was a formation of a layers of reading. It looks like the circulation. 42 00:05:13,410 --> 00:05:19,530 One is that the Rajput factory formed a little trade network in hinterland, as well as for land first, 43 00:05:19,530 --> 00:05:24,890 which was not a connexion between Guidebook Rajput that really variety of goods. 44 00:05:24,890 --> 00:05:29,690 As I mentioned in the chart and the second was the work between these four markets 45 00:05:29,690 --> 00:05:35,010 markets on the open for so-called IT button juxtaposed at airports like the mentioned, 46 00:05:35,010 --> 00:05:40,800 there was this moussaka g wonder, which is the other side of the. 47 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:48,180 So which gave an addict access to the trade and commodities that existed in this particular area. 48 00:05:48,180 --> 00:05:50,140 And third was the network with Poland. 49 00:05:50,140 --> 00:06:00,690 That was the Malabar Coast drug, the networks with local companies and this network connected with the whole getting extended versions. 50 00:06:00,690 --> 00:06:11,000 And that is how it was important that the project with what's considered as important for and we have all you know now before English is never. 51 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:18,200 You got permission that there was a cottage association of which was dating in this area. 52 00:06:18,200 --> 00:06:24,830 This water of Roger and most of them had a lot of competition, but didn't this English Japanese? 53 00:06:24,830 --> 00:06:34,280 Oh, and there was finally, the permission was shifted to finally the association got the East India company and you became one. 54 00:06:34,280 --> 00:06:39,530 But then the question was for about 30 eels that they competed with. 55 00:06:39,530 --> 00:06:41,870 What we? So you are in this map. 56 00:06:41,870 --> 00:06:51,910 I'm going to show you these three networks that were created for the circulation of goods from the land of the fallen within the course of three days. 57 00:06:51,910 --> 00:06:55,820 Now I spotted the transition that we see here. Oh, 58 00:06:55,820 --> 00:07:05,760 we do not actually see the the the fact that of the three or the open pattern of the town remains indigenous because here we do not 59 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:15,530 quite unlike the other things that about the Joyland cannot or we do not have a white stone concept that Portuguese bring with them. 60 00:07:15,530 --> 00:07:23,390 So because Portuguese peasants, probably the English, were never interested in establishing in the initial state or establishing a 61 00:07:23,390 --> 00:07:29,480 town or a big ol factory that would have visited many of people habitation. 62 00:07:29,480 --> 00:07:38,300 So this dog remains completely as an indigenous thought, mainly dealing with only the trade and trade and exchange of goods. 63 00:07:38,300 --> 00:07:46,860 So in this don't, though, we do not have the monolithic preservation of European factory, but we do have indigenous people migrating to this. 64 00:07:46,860 --> 00:07:55,730 People like we have a list of butjust looked at all from Gujarat and other foods. 65 00:07:55,730 --> 00:07:59,750 Then you have Muslims like Google Phone. 66 00:07:59,750 --> 00:08:05,600 So this are your family and there are a lot of Muslim families, what in this particular area? 67 00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:15,140 So it remains either indigenous or indigenous practise mapping 300 of the South India, that to do so. 68 00:08:15,140 --> 00:08:19,220 So the next guest study that everything up is no choice. 69 00:08:19,220 --> 00:08:28,490 Now this is a very interesting town that is located and not conquered where we have, oh, you know, it's a 16th century. 70 00:08:28,490 --> 00:08:40,760 Oh, well, of course, has a lot of ancient references, but I'm just I'm just coming to my period of people that by sixteenth century joke. 71 00:08:40,760 --> 00:08:50,360 So he gives up its musical way of learning or functioning because you have no European presence and you have in do that is a Portuguese factory, 72 00:08:50,360 --> 00:08:59,960 which is which is pretty good, which is producing the riches and or charge where you have a lot of silk production centres. 73 00:08:59,960 --> 00:09:04,070 So no, it also this you are this town. 74 00:09:04,070 --> 00:09:09,080 You can also study the housing and never would you do if urbanisation study of the judge. 75 00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:16,430 And what I have used your is appealable archaeological mapping along with our 76 00:09:16,430 --> 00:09:21,590 own archival material that is found in the documentary Marathi documents. 77 00:09:21,590 --> 00:09:26,690 So the analysis of these archival ideologically data holds understanding the process of 78 00:09:26,690 --> 00:09:32,840 transitioning urban urbanisation of a small town due to trade commodity and its circulation. 79 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:42,140 Now, of course, the sources archaeological evidence is that we find in the is the main food remains an object of human habitation like porcelain, 80 00:09:42,140 --> 00:09:49,670 but the beads and other other remains that we find of human habitation. 81 00:09:49,670 --> 00:09:55,220 This documentation also helps in growing the actual map, which can show this transition, 82 00:09:55,220 --> 00:10:01,190 which I may be showing, or however, to talk about this mini breakdown. 83 00:10:01,190 --> 00:10:07,580 You have to divide this down geographically as a patrol and lower trunk, which is lower jaw. 84 00:10:07,580 --> 00:10:14,500 Why would you like it? Because the Portuguese got therefore they're a bit overweight. 85 00:10:14,500 --> 00:10:16,970 Check your angle. 86 00:10:16,970 --> 00:10:26,030 Periodically, we can talk of this period as one period downloading Portuguese lots of things in 17 and Jolanda Laboratories from 18th century. 87 00:10:26,030 --> 00:10:30,980 Oh, now you're this is an order that we get and what I can. 88 00:10:30,980 --> 00:10:38,150 What I can show you here is that the hot water, the water supplement, the Portuguese, which is a lower charge. 89 00:10:38,150 --> 00:10:46,100 And this is a question of where you have got the indigenous remains and not the Portuguese demands one amendment. 90 00:10:46,100 --> 00:10:55,970 And these are the IGAD from where you have forces moves that directly connects or so that you can expect and for that matter. 91 00:10:55,970 --> 00:11:00,830 And this is an area of an extended form which can be seen so directly. 92 00:11:00,830 --> 00:11:06,290 See this. Why don't you stop patrol and one is local now in a patrol? 93 00:11:06,290 --> 00:11:11,280 What we see is, Oh, this is different. 94 00:11:11,280 --> 00:11:17,260 This was a different thought. This was different from the fortified what zone going lower, George. 95 00:11:17,260 --> 00:11:24,910 And within this settlement, there are two distinct areas one going to collect water and were oriented towards the hinterland. 96 00:11:24,910 --> 00:11:28,310 Joel was both an administrative and a market centre. 97 00:11:28,310 --> 00:11:34,720 The level, the layout and composition of the society of the Future reflects what these functions of the township. 98 00:11:34,720 --> 00:11:41,230 The layout of the water had my food storage facility, custom collection of points and hammam Panopto. 99 00:11:41,230 --> 00:11:48,120 Oh, but at the internal at the hinterland, there was a number of access points that we can find to this market. 100 00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:57,670 So most of these wines had had had exposed, which are widely dispersed or abided by this part of the city, 101 00:11:57,670 --> 00:12:02,650 which was geared to the needs of the trade and practise of collection of media duties. 102 00:12:02,650 --> 00:12:09,910 For example, there is a Starbucks that I enjoy located on the old road traffic travelling inland from town. 103 00:12:09,910 --> 00:12:14,050 They do not let up on and correct and connect to these dogs. 104 00:12:14,050 --> 00:12:18,700 Now what we find here is that the houses of the in this opportunity, 105 00:12:18,700 --> 00:12:26,080 we find houses of merchants and locally we were important people, largely based on cars. 106 00:12:26,080 --> 00:12:33,920 Affiliations seem to have been mentioned here, which have been located in this, which can be identified in this dump. 107 00:12:33,920 --> 00:12:41,980 Though this nature of the town functions of a functioning contributed to work carried out and it didn't seem to be, 108 00:12:41,980 --> 00:12:47,260 Joe's location allowed it to be both outward and inward looking and its function. 109 00:12:47,260 --> 00:12:52,060 This town nevertheless seems to have reflected in the internal political system, 110 00:12:52,060 --> 00:13:01,510 concerned with the land up in the water as you see the connexions of what was with Portuguese, and it was mainly concerned lower than that. 111 00:13:01,510 --> 00:13:10,570 So these are some of the construction of the remains that we find when the order on them is being expanded in 17th century, 18th century, 112 00:13:10,570 --> 00:13:16,930 when Congress gave up patronage to this town and tempest with this particular instruction talks 113 00:13:16,930 --> 00:13:25,090 about how our thoughts about angry giving of a grant for the restoration of the step will go. 114 00:13:25,090 --> 00:13:31,210 This is one of the big, big and awful, but I'm sure it is located in Upper George, 115 00:13:31,210 --> 00:13:43,910 which again has a huge grant sitting from angry asks for its development because it also conducted an ambitious festival which is sponsored by Anglia, 116 00:13:43,910 --> 00:13:53,350 in which we find records of many merchants from Gujarat. Push us to collect visiting this particular festival, and they find us great. 117 00:13:53,350 --> 00:13:58,660 And so are you find a circulation of these goods in commodities? 118 00:13:58,660 --> 00:14:04,090 Now these are some of the porcelain that we find on your O'Connor and also in Lord 119 00:14:04,090 --> 00:14:11,890 George Hammam and in a bottle and similar account in lower in the Portuguese John. 120 00:14:11,890 --> 00:14:21,670 So these are for the connexion of trade with the Indonesia and China that we see then. 121 00:14:21,670 --> 00:14:30,040 This is one of the map. Now I'm coming lower, John. Now this is a fortified area that we can see, which is a good port, 122 00:14:30,040 --> 00:14:38,270 a Portuguese forward black white town, and this is an extended down towards the north of the joint. 123 00:14:38,270 --> 00:14:45,310 And now, interestingly, if we study this it, this has been mapped and read. 124 00:14:45,310 --> 00:14:57,730 We can see this dome has specification of black Portuguese town having these specifications of of Portuguese, where we can see its roots, 125 00:14:57,730 --> 00:15:07,780 where its houses, shops, market justice, public public edifices that we see in this particular map and meticulously. 126 00:15:07,780 --> 00:15:12,190 This is the remains of the church that the monastery that we find in Lord Jones. 127 00:15:12,190 --> 00:15:19,860 And now this is another interesting archive is the extended six minutes of open town outside the public order. 128 00:15:19,860 --> 00:15:31,030 Now, during the Portuguese time, it is very interesting to note that you're Oh, we find any any number. 129 00:15:31,030 --> 00:15:42,340 You have five minutes. Yes. So here what we find is, oh, you're not outside the four or outside the fortress and towards the north side of the suburb. 130 00:15:42,340 --> 00:15:53,650 We find houses of weavers merchants migrating from many of the areas from poor areas, from these areas and settling in that area. 131 00:15:53,650 --> 00:16:02,500 But inside the town, what we have, of course, the list that we can draw your merchants tax bomb was public monastery, 132 00:16:02,500 --> 00:16:07,420 public notary, Ulster Bank, good broker physicians, surgeons, chemists, artisans. 133 00:16:07,420 --> 00:16:19,410 So these are the composition of people who. Who created it and had a composite society that we can see in both injured. 134 00:16:19,410 --> 00:16:25,390 Now this is the. But how about this exchange extended counting just as major in 18th century 135 00:16:25,390 --> 00:16:31,720 when what has occupied this spot and the floors down become so closed down? 136 00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:35,570 White gown becomes. But I got you. We need that Mississippi, Mississippi. 137 00:16:35,570 --> 00:16:44,820 But this out-of-town head of habitation of communities, that's what all the local communities cut the Muslims. 138 00:16:44,820 --> 00:16:51,960 And these are some of the house remains that we find where we can identify what target of just dying, 139 00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:56,320 which combined with the Portuguese, declared the of Mexican seats. 140 00:16:56,320 --> 00:17:06,060 And such is the cosmopolitan population that we see throughout the 60 70 eighteenth century. 141 00:17:06,060 --> 00:17:11,130 So this is what we did see the book and where we can see that this is the upper jaw. 142 00:17:11,130 --> 00:17:17,220 This is the lower child bed. We have the upper coat and this is an extended town, 143 00:17:17,220 --> 00:17:28,260 which in 18th century magnified and the smallest and even not churchyard in 18th century after monarchies occupied. 144 00:17:28,260 --> 00:17:35,490 This particular area also chose the Portuguese left this place and the centre you're 145 00:17:35,490 --> 00:17:41,130 in Goa and some remaining settled on the other side of the Gordillo village. 146 00:17:41,130 --> 00:17:55,080 Ultimately, for me, you can see a different stone that a different town with a boat with another judge and more light and another setting by an 1739. 147 00:17:55,080 --> 00:18:07,400 So this is what we see in all the transitions that the demand of the commodity, the politics and the communities that interacted with it. 148 00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:12,570 So there was a circulation amongst this particular area. 149 00:18:12,570 --> 00:18:17,760 The other case, the third down is of God, and I would just show the map here. 150 00:18:17,760 --> 00:18:28,950 This is the world map that we have forgotten, which is which is a port near Bombay and this port or this particular factory later. 151 00:18:28,950 --> 00:18:34,620 This is a Portuguese factory. Oh, how little was conquered by Moroccans? 152 00:18:34,620 --> 00:19:15,440 And later it was? And the I don't know if we lost any lumber or I'm the one who is lost, so if anyone can make a noise. 153 00:19:15,440 --> 00:19:26,710 I think we lost her close. So let's wait a minute or two, let's hope she comes back. 154 00:19:26,710 --> 00:19:38,400 Hmm. And it's a shame, especially towards the concluding of this very interesting talk. 155 00:19:38,400 --> 00:19:42,450 She's back. Yeah, yeah. I thought it would. Yeah. No, you are. 156 00:19:42,450 --> 00:19:46,740 Yeah, we lost. I'm sorry. There was some problem, I guess. 157 00:19:46,740 --> 00:19:55,740 Yeah. So you're what we find is that during that period, that is a condition in, you know, the what kinds of produce was there? 158 00:19:55,740 --> 00:20:02,400 So my guideline was done. What they do decided against the demands of the food and this particular project 159 00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:07,890 proposal promoted by the state that this people who gave them loans and advances to 160 00:20:07,890 --> 00:20:13,200 have this go to meet this demand and who have this particular commodity produced 161 00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:19,780 and circulated in this particular specific vehicle before lending one big asset. 162 00:20:19,780 --> 00:20:29,200 So you? So. 163 00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:35,890 I am not able to. Shift by deputy. 164 00:20:35,890 --> 00:20:43,870 Anything. So what I am trying to make a point here is, oh, I'm not able to ship this, 165 00:20:43,870 --> 00:21:00,630 you might need to exit the share screen and re-enter because you drop the signal. 166 00:21:00,630 --> 00:21:05,790 The agony of more during the conference there. 167 00:21:05,790 --> 00:21:10,230 So anyway, so I would just summarise everything, I guess even I'm running out of time. 168 00:21:10,230 --> 00:21:14,430 So there was another settlement, which I was tiny. 169 00:21:14,430 --> 00:21:19,410 And how can they go and be levelled and charge? 170 00:21:19,410 --> 00:21:31,050 Oh, and the gods are they? They kind of responded the words, the changes that little after the establishment of the British establishment, 171 00:21:31,050 --> 00:21:34,020 you know, just establishing their hold on Bombay. 172 00:21:34,020 --> 00:21:43,810 They the very of, in fact, was changed in the changes regarding this commodity exchange and production. 173 00:21:43,810 --> 00:21:49,860 So although you could see the political, you know, the political hinterland, 174 00:21:49,860 --> 00:22:02,280 the circulation amongst the followers and the demands changing the world because of the trading world is there because Bombay becomes major, 175 00:22:02,280 --> 00:22:03,990 you know, 176 00:22:03,990 --> 00:22:15,360 Bombay becomes important and it becomes a hub for obedience to the shipping network that time rather than shipping the finished goods or other. 177 00:22:15,360 --> 00:22:21,600 So accordingly, these particular second routes dictate like roaming, for example, earlier, 178 00:22:21,600 --> 00:22:34,440 like Dole was supplying the city when necessary, and now it just needs to supply more as grain and other shipbuilding necessities. 179 00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:44,930 So I guess all the demand, the demand for this, the sea demand did change the hinterland, 180 00:22:44,930 --> 00:22:50,880 the circulation of goods and of course, the community just like you.