1 00:00:00,090 --> 00:00:05,460 I think it's time that we move on to the second paper, which is by Rahul Mucker, 2 00:00:05,460 --> 00:00:12,660 and he's going to talk about marathons in those running over the road. 3 00:00:12,660 --> 00:00:14,490 Thank you. And hello, everyone. 4 00:00:14,490 --> 00:00:23,880 I'm going to talk about the circulation of the gifts between the modern heart and on the national and space to specifically and 18 century. 5 00:00:23,880 --> 00:00:31,380 So I'll start from the circulation of a glimpse into what you do as a process of extraordinary importance. 6 00:00:31,380 --> 00:00:41,130 This is a very simple as well as complex music process complex in the sense that if you want more of less quantity or quality, 7 00:00:41,130 --> 00:00:48,390 sooner or later, it will have different meanings. One of those, called the milestone, was worked extensively on Gibbs, 8 00:00:48,390 --> 00:00:57,140 or whether some detail explanation of how the process of exchanging gift is wrong and why it was needed. 9 00:00:57,140 --> 00:01:05,120 Why are you talking about gifts, he says that what creates the obligation you is that creates obligation? 10 00:01:05,120 --> 00:01:08,900 Gift is one of the traditions that continues to this day. 11 00:01:08,900 --> 00:01:16,040 There are many meanings attached to groups, mostly depends upon who presents that and what was presented as a gift. 12 00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:23,510 You may include many things. It is possible to give tangible or intangible things as a gift. 13 00:01:23,510 --> 00:01:29,750 It is also possible to view goods, services or experiences as a form of abuse. 14 00:01:29,750 --> 00:01:34,250 Scholars have always wondered How do you bake? Shouldn't open gifts? 15 00:01:34,250 --> 00:01:40,130 Anthropologist have studied the effect of exchange and gifts in images societies. 16 00:01:40,130 --> 00:01:49,640 Sociologists have studied the reciprocal prosperity of torts, which gives their symbolic significance and its effect on society. 17 00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:54,830 It seems to have many symbolic meanings like identity leadership, 18 00:01:54,830 --> 00:02:03,440 some orientation dialogue and acceptable use of the symbol of power and prestige in foreign relations or diplomacy. 19 00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:11,390 Considering all these meanings, when the Prime Minister of India, Mr Narendra Modi, seems besotted with the Prime Minister of Pakistan, 20 00:02:11,390 --> 00:02:16,140 we don't know whether I'll put Prime Minister of Pakistan Mr Nawaz study as a gift. 21 00:02:16,140 --> 00:02:20,380 Maybe it is a master to look at it in a different way and it's such a gift. 22 00:02:20,380 --> 00:02:28,400 Their circulation and their various meanings and their study can give us new insight into the understanding of. 23 00:02:28,400 --> 00:02:36,650 From historical time, you've always been used as a tool to honour or insult someone gives her an extraordinary political 24 00:02:36,650 --> 00:02:42,980 value throughout the history from this one can make some predictions about the political, 25 00:02:42,980 --> 00:02:53,990 economic and social status of the. And let me see what it is an interesting new study why gifts were given, what items were considered as it used, 26 00:02:53,990 --> 00:03:00,140 and how the nature and the value of produce changed according to the political status of the viewer giver. 27 00:03:00,140 --> 00:03:10,490 And then you see what the circulation of what you can be an apologist for the study of obesity, especially in your history. 28 00:03:10,490 --> 00:03:11,420 For this article, 29 00:03:11,420 --> 00:03:21,950 the scope and limitation is to study the circulation of the gifts in the context of the moral and national traditions in the 17 or 18 century, 30 00:03:21,950 --> 00:03:29,750 we can find that gift is just how we can deal with them as a final word, courtesy oriented gifts. 31 00:03:29,750 --> 00:03:38,770 As a result, in widowed India people who came to the Court of Auditors, our kids were seen bringing various dupes for the kings in person. 32 00:03:38,770 --> 00:03:45,330 That's what indicates also has a tradition of how do you and the sooner we can 33 00:03:45,330 --> 00:03:51,040 take a well known example of this during childhood with insurance programme you, 34 00:03:51,040 --> 00:03:56,420 Gilbert showed, and fifteen hundred gold coins and six thousand rupees as a gift. 35 00:03:56,420 --> 00:04:01,910 How are you? My child does not seem to have you want a colour that is rubs off on. 36 00:04:01,910 --> 00:04:06,260 To set it up with this, you are standing behind. I don't know to about this. 37 00:04:06,260 --> 00:04:10,460 You are angry, you try to get out of the work. We all know this incident, really. 38 00:04:10,460 --> 00:04:14,510 So I am not going to the details of the incident, but after this incident. 39 00:04:14,510 --> 00:04:23,120 Best impression she loved ones. You want to talk about this, you, Shivangi, but he throws it on the floor and went out of the code. 40 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:29,450 This incident was considered to be an insert of the code and the charge in this incident. 41 00:04:29,450 --> 00:04:34,670 The customs or indicates open giving and receiving gifts will broken. 42 00:04:34,670 --> 00:04:38,120 The discussion about this appeared in Google documents. 43 00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:45,950 This shows that there was a tradition and gifts of a gift giving, and that is to me, you know, the mission to what our time. 44 00:04:45,950 --> 00:04:53,480 But we see that the process also started off with gifts start to come about just once it entered the police. 45 00:04:53,480 --> 00:05:01,990 These relations flourished in the 18th century. They do seem to be saw a change in the way you persuade you one and one stop. 46 00:05:01,990 --> 00:05:10,310 We also changed the story of a hideous exchange and the notion of abuse between the monarchy and the last resort. 47 00:05:10,310 --> 00:05:17,060 Various aspects of the relations along modern relations have not always been changed. 48 00:05:17,060 --> 00:05:22,430 My writers always seem to have come that in search of their religion. 49 00:05:22,430 --> 00:05:29,540 The mission, obviously, and Cecilia are very to this colossal haemorrhaging from the Panopto issue. 50 00:05:29,540 --> 00:05:35,060 We see that what our relations are, well, we lost circulation of objects. 51 00:05:35,060 --> 00:05:47,390 What groups are used in our social contract and apart of optimising behaviour, which is important for building social relationships in 16:16. 52 00:05:47,390 --> 00:05:55,400 Just one scene was in court, and at this time, the relation between Rajput and Morata started to public. 53 00:05:55,400 --> 00:06:00,720 You should look at the Shivaji the cosmology camp in pulling in 66 to three. 54 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:07,250 Actually, contemporary sources mentioned that our judges seek help to up with this issue. 55 00:06:07,250 --> 00:06:11,670 We also get the same reference in the British to the effect to the. 56 00:06:11,670 --> 00:06:16,440 According to us, Money Gaga, we should look at the issue, I just must find one example. 57 00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:20,130 Chocolate the issue. You are just wincing, appreciates him. 58 00:06:20,130 --> 00:06:25,220 We are number of gold coins and adverts will help you as a result. 59 00:06:25,220 --> 00:06:32,100 Roger, just one thing you got a up discharge and he's on when he actually comes down. 60 00:06:32,100 --> 00:06:40,350 Although there were differences of opinions amongst historians as to whether Roger just wants to help shape up the issue or not. 61 00:06:40,350 --> 00:06:49,770 But one thing can be highlighted here is that it was really easy and acceptable to get a hint of the opposite party by giving gifts. 62 00:06:49,770 --> 00:06:54,840 This is why it seems to help such a sceptical discussion in various sources. 63 00:06:54,840 --> 00:07:00,270 Not just one single issue wasn't important. Again, in 16 such disciplines. 64 00:07:00,270 --> 00:07:11,180 So I just don't see, along with the latest ones of what seemed to sound obvious to issue issue of October 16 67 reported important issue. 65 00:07:11,180 --> 00:07:20,730 You had written a letter to the judge, something requesting him to mediate between Bashar you as he had a relationship with you. 66 00:07:20,730 --> 00:07:27,790 In reply, nine judges once he said Ingrid going dry and then venture last October, 67 00:07:27,790 --> 00:07:36,720 nobody showered with gifts consist of a few horses, three castles and okada and camels chatted up this eulogy. 68 00:07:36,720 --> 00:07:44,230 In return, give a gift of a one horse and a 1000 rupees each to the people who brought this gift. 69 00:07:44,230 --> 00:07:47,960 Due to the impact of what I just want to this words of what I talked to, 70 00:07:47,960 --> 00:07:58,070 somebody was given months of study of the particles and somebody making one of his just for the simplest on his way back. 71 00:07:58,070 --> 00:08:08,380 But I just want to give my horses a of a puncture and a tunnel plot as a group, a drill that the main tunnel will send future to them. 72 00:08:08,380 --> 00:08:16,750 But this should as. If we look at the circulation of objects between larger something and chopped up with the shoe edge we've got, 73 00:08:16,750 --> 00:08:22,390 we can understand not only the political situation but also the issue of this excellent diplomacy. 74 00:08:22,390 --> 00:08:29,950 It seems that it would be schwag golden opportunity to achieve his goal through this circulation. 75 00:08:29,950 --> 00:08:33,580 If we look at the support of British soldiers, you're right, they're just nonsense, 76 00:08:33,580 --> 00:08:39,240 and we will realise that the agenda up Swanston is a high standard Roger. 77 00:08:39,240 --> 00:08:44,800 Just one thing sent goose animals instead of sending cash as a group. 78 00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:54,800 The idea of giving is to make the next person happy without realising the value of a gift, you are giving your indication of what you think. 79 00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:59,200 But Roger, just wondering if symbolising the same thing. 80 00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:06,540 The above example shows the social dimension from which the process awkwardly initiating dialogue begins. 81 00:09:06,540 --> 00:09:07,740 From this circulation, 82 00:09:07,740 --> 00:09:16,830 one can also discuss the role of the giver and the receiver and the position of them in the contemporary or political situation. 83 00:09:16,830 --> 00:09:26,850 So troubled issue what you see the need for political stability after the aggregate incident and his viewpoint in the was breaking ship to this. 84 00:09:26,850 --> 00:09:35,520 But not just one thing. And just look at this, you seem to have tried to establish their own identity through these groups. 85 00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:41,520 There is also an attempt to portray George Osborne as a bigot figure in a political identity. 86 00:09:41,520 --> 00:09:49,590 That's a political issue in this case of the police who argues George can be understood in the political situation. 87 00:09:49,590 --> 00:09:54,570 Basically, if we look, then all groups are some kind of occasional groups. 88 00:09:54,570 --> 00:10:00,480 So this gives you just some information about the contemporary and the responses following 89 00:10:00,480 --> 00:10:06,150 statement use an apt description of what she wanted to do and the juxtaposition between him, 90 00:10:06,150 --> 00:10:11,780 and he gets some connexion between the charge and just wanting. 91 00:10:11,780 --> 00:10:18,980 The response is that the skilful game of politics shouldn't consist of a complex totality of money was conscious 92 00:10:18,980 --> 00:10:27,140 or unconscious in order to gain security and to fortify oneself against this in order to the alliances. 93 00:10:27,140 --> 00:10:38,140 And I want to be. Does a coalition of groups in the 18th century shows and shows up progress in our relationship between them on our hearts and. 94 00:10:38,140 --> 00:10:43,160 It also created a straightforward in the relationship. In this century, 95 00:10:43,160 --> 00:10:50,480 the modern Hadash relationship into the next pitch in the circulation of during the industrial issue discharges 96 00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:57,590 the process of election formation and attempting to highlight one's identity began in 18th century. 97 00:10:57,590 --> 00:11:01,370 As the relationship grew, Gibson began to be sent to the family. 98 00:11:01,370 --> 00:11:08,840 Gatherings has been in 1737 Maduro to send gifts and with Maduro to party with his 99 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:17,150 big state and a new target of his 450 part of marriage as a parliament in gender. 100 00:11:17,150 --> 00:11:26,750 We can see human talks of. One is personal satisfaction to the recipient, and second is self-employment of the Duma. 101 00:11:26,750 --> 00:11:30,380 Normally, all groups work to these food talks. 102 00:11:30,380 --> 00:11:38,390 Documenting the ultimate goal, however, is to fulfil the need and the purpose of the new work. 103 00:11:38,390 --> 00:11:44,060 This led to many ways to achieve the best articulation of politics in such cases. 104 00:11:44,060 --> 00:11:49,540 Occasional groups are truly picked in the 18th century Maharashtra populations. 105 00:11:49,540 --> 00:11:53,030 Occasional groups can be seen as a widely circulated. 106 00:11:53,030 --> 00:12:02,600 Although this might not be considered as appealing, but the picks of these groups to picks up these occasional groups are long lasting. 107 00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:10,490 You do this, it almost become customary you give the member of the royal family when the full budget goes, 108 00:12:10,490 --> 00:12:15,260 mother nonverbally was beginning to way the pilgrimage. 109 00:12:15,260 --> 00:12:19,850 The Rajputs bid due respect to either buy in later. 110 00:12:19,850 --> 00:12:26,300 They it may say when inter-dependent mentioned that there are now people with legitimately 111 00:12:26,300 --> 00:12:31,860 and presented her with the necklace of a book made up and awarded best it by investing. 112 00:12:31,860 --> 00:12:40,460 Thing is that the letters set the price of this is not much, but the honour of reading it again. 113 00:12:40,460 --> 00:12:50,960 It is clear it was not really valuable in price, but here laudable honour was seen as a group and it was very valuable as an auction. 114 00:12:50,960 --> 00:12:58,010 The process of gift giving becomes a formal structure as the circulation of the gift includes just this form 115 00:12:58,010 --> 00:13:06,720 structure was to be completed in order to maintain the relationship that must come to the circulation of. 116 00:13:06,720 --> 00:13:14,640 Giving away a single commonwealth, his brother, Ramsey and the one boxing seen on the lake lost by the visuals in April seven, 117 00:13:14,640 --> 00:13:20,580 different in this group can be said to be a part of the structure in a modern populations, 118 00:13:20,580 --> 00:13:24,120 with the expansion of the Morata's in the North and especially the permission of 119 00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:29,250 America and Russia would start its formation up a hooker and the large publications. 120 00:13:29,250 --> 00:13:35,280 The situation seems to have increased mylar and a see what each other. 121 00:13:35,280 --> 00:13:44,100 By this can be evidence of this relationship. As mentioned above, gifts do not have to be in the Panopto materials drama, 122 00:13:44,100 --> 00:13:52,800 but it's also kind of it conveyed the same message as a gift, which is of friendship and the need for each other. 123 00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:58,860 Ben Walker went to the largest in 1747 Abeyasinghe and wondered what connexion there to the bus. 124 00:13:58,860 --> 00:14:10,700 We showed up knowing this operation ship worker Albiston pickup and a gift from the king who occupied the throne up in his arms and began 1749. 125 00:14:10,700 --> 00:14:15,330 Picture was sent to him with a gift to stop an elegant and expensive. 126 00:14:15,330 --> 00:14:21,450 These Dickstein similarly meant to hold you to the throne of India in 1769. 127 00:14:21,450 --> 00:14:26,730 This seems to have been presented with a gift by the dashboard's in some cases. 128 00:14:26,730 --> 00:14:36,750 The purchase made by the monarch were also made from the Rajput region as a formal window in the rain to contain it in 06. 129 00:14:36,750 --> 00:14:43,770 Last month, trying to give him one high risk wanted to do a forgotten image as a gift and the crops brought 130 00:14:43,770 --> 00:14:49,920 by the quadruplets eight thousand nine hundred were also made from the combusts region. 131 00:14:49,920 --> 00:14:56,110 Of course, we do not know whether it was a gift or they made such a demand. 132 00:14:56,110 --> 00:15:00,640 It is known that groups were sometimes sent in one during the first to us, 133 00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:06,490 especially just frontline health workers trained to give them either off or on a mark of Sankranti. 134 00:15:06,490 --> 00:15:14,090 So it can. It is clear from this that the festivals have also been used to give occasional. 135 00:15:14,090 --> 00:15:18,680 The circulation of the gift is not only between the people of the royal family, 136 00:15:18,680 --> 00:15:23,330 but the person who often carries the message of the end of it seems to have 137 00:15:23,330 --> 00:15:29,300 received the gift as an attempt to build a positive relationship with each other. 138 00:15:29,300 --> 00:15:35,450 Then thought that Washington, who also published anyway and you went to the chapel. 139 00:15:35,450 --> 00:15:43,430 He was unable minister around five minutes when Tottenham went to the gym. 140 00:15:43,430 --> 00:15:52,100 He was given a gorgeous, expensive, rich or cloth and ornament as a group and an expenditure of rupees. 141 00:15:52,100 --> 00:15:56,790 220 rupees was also sanctioned for all its amenities. 142 00:15:56,790 --> 00:16:02,060 We're not going to announce when it came to the OR in 1735. 143 00:16:02,060 --> 00:16:11,090 In 1759, as representatives of an animal lover who could not wish 2000 one spent on their hospitality, 144 00:16:11,090 --> 00:16:18,530 these interest groups also dosing himself for perfume on them and made them part with his own hands. 145 00:16:18,530 --> 00:16:24,440 Ocean Good was given you're one a seat next to one of those in the meeting. 146 00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:33,500 This motion got used to this various types of rebukes from people from time to time, and which made him sympathetic to the status quo. 147 00:16:33,500 --> 00:16:39,260 It is safe to say that this sympathy was a result of the circulation of the group. 148 00:16:39,260 --> 00:16:47,300 This was clearly stated in the letter from an ocean floor, and I'm quoting you and the letter is about larger study. 149 00:16:47,300 --> 00:16:52,640 Orchids walks along the bottom of the sumo models commodity market. 150 00:16:52,640 --> 00:16:58,740 The barcode the Republicans want so acusado, so much are students on this one. 151 00:16:58,740 --> 00:17:05,390 While some of the high school yearbook so he thought he moves up alone. 152 00:17:05,390 --> 00:17:12,830 m.A.A.d Democrats, who couldn't see why he described the invited to her so maharajas issue. 153 00:17:12,830 --> 00:17:18,460 What do you make the Hobart community? Jim, do you want to and re-elect Niroshan? 154 00:17:18,460 --> 00:17:25,900 Those are interesting. These can be seen from this later due to the circulation of gives you peer sympathy for the Nationals. 155 00:17:25,900 --> 00:17:36,070 And we just fear from the monitor rush put hope that it will benefit them while dealing with the protests, and they were successful in this. 156 00:17:36,070 --> 00:17:46,930 If we look around the time to show what we can see that a cultural consumption of object is floundering in the minor harassment issues that 157 00:17:46,930 --> 00:17:55,960 this trust and the distant part of a deliberate diminishing the lack of the circulation of a group created a bond between them on our time. 158 00:17:55,960 --> 00:18:02,380 Of course, as stated about it, is expected to fulfil the purpose and the aim of what you are. 159 00:18:02,380 --> 00:18:11,770 How are you one way of completing it? It is necessary to create a situation where the recipient will be satisfied on which in the same way, 160 00:18:11,770 --> 00:18:17,530 the changing political situation is also not possible due to the circulation of the how to use, 161 00:18:17,530 --> 00:18:22,810 saying that the growing dominance of the White House would not be challenged by the military. 162 00:18:22,810 --> 00:18:27,970 The rush with powers began to flow build up what was true the circulation of abuse. 163 00:18:27,970 --> 00:18:30,940 You want the ingenuity of the groups in the circulation. 164 00:18:30,940 --> 00:18:40,510 It can be said that the Rajput powers used the military up a gift giving and order to with the example of a nation clearly shows this. 165 00:18:40,510 --> 00:18:46,410 The circulation of a moral shows that the pilots were aware of a political situation of 166 00:18:46,410 --> 00:18:52,380 century and a sudden condition of the 18th century moratoriums highlights the regime of power. 167 00:18:52,380 --> 00:18:59,580 The hierarchy of century modernisation. And the rushed Election Day from the submission of disputes. 168 00:18:59,580 --> 00:19:03,600 If we look at a new century gifts in terms of the market community, 169 00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:10,990 we can also understand the economic aspects of the year, although I haven't looked at it as a market commodity. 170 00:19:10,990 --> 00:19:15,340 That's are a coalition of groups, also reflects the changing nature of power. 171 00:19:15,340 --> 00:19:20,170 We can see that from the overall the circulation of a symbolic, 172 00:19:20,170 --> 00:19:24,520 tangible sort of material such as groups and a cross-cultural perspective would 173 00:19:24,520 --> 00:19:31,090 help us to understand the 18th century or understand that history in in totality. 174 00:19:31,090 --> 00:19:33,760 Thank you and thank you, sir.