1 00:00:01,270 --> 00:00:06,300 Just a moment. 2 00:00:06,300 --> 00:00:20,800 First, I think it is consistent with that from being qualified to take your place and he's going to talk on this, who who the only minority amongst. 3 00:00:20,800 --> 00:00:31,580 And things are going to in. This wretched, incessant. 4 00:00:31,580 --> 00:00:38,530 Thank you and share my screen. Is that mean you? 5 00:00:38,530 --> 00:00:45,130 Please. Now, Oscar, today I'll be presenting my paper, Tiger. 6 00:00:45,130 --> 00:00:48,880 So do that come up, amongst other things, in this essay, 7 00:00:48,880 --> 00:01:04,080 I explore the announcement acculturation in the architecture generally and religious architecture specifically of 18th century modern. 8 00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:08,520 Or the marathon heartlands, the most important outcome of the movement succession. 9 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:13,530 What was the release of shabu? Grandson of Shivaji from Mughal captivity? 10 00:01:13,530 --> 00:01:16,350 His release started a civil war in Russia, 11 00:01:16,350 --> 00:01:23,310 which lasted for almost a decade and ended with the establishment of Yahoo at the head of marriage equality, 12 00:01:23,310 --> 00:01:29,460 the newly formed Mesrata elite and outcome of the unfortunate use of social mobility that China's regime 13 00:01:29,460 --> 00:01:38,220 provided from 17 20s onwards were the chief agents of rapid change in the material culture in this century. 14 00:01:38,220 --> 00:01:43,920 As we know the numerator aided by the weakening global rule and the demise of the 15 00:01:43,920 --> 00:01:48,690 late consulting to rapidly after the political conquest of the subcontinent. 16 00:01:48,690 --> 00:01:55,760 However, when it came to cultural concludes, the story becomes much more complicated. 17 00:01:55,760 --> 00:02:06,270 So we can still enjoy dance performances, and he like exotic objects, you enjoy fishing, dog breeding, acquiring horses and similar such pursuits. 18 00:02:06,270 --> 00:02:12,050 Introduction to this lifestyle and similarly, the first kind of exposure to not Indian cities, 19 00:02:12,050 --> 00:02:19,490 coupled with improved economic means, changed the way of life for patients and the cannabis on screen. 20 00:02:19,490 --> 00:02:27,110 You have some of the items ordered by Yahoo and the pizza, which illustrates that things may include miscellaneous items such as Typekit 21 00:02:27,110 --> 00:02:31,940 streets from our neighbourhood being done from the Iraqi officers from Kabul. 22 00:02:31,940 --> 00:02:38,590 One guy in custody and on screen. Other cartoon characters from Argue and so on. 23 00:02:38,590 --> 00:02:44,980 18TH century was a period of cultural domination for the American heartland, monarchy culture was built, 24 00:02:44,980 --> 00:02:52,510 rebuilt, written, rewritten, codified and sometimes even fabricated in the 18th. 25 00:02:52,510 --> 00:03:00,450 Nowhere is this perception more evident than in the production of architecture. 26 00:03:00,450 --> 00:03:06,740 Stepping back a bit, we observe that modern architecture of 16th and 17th century was, 27 00:03:06,740 --> 00:03:12,470 as Bush said in one of his papers, not distinct from that of the lectern opener. 28 00:03:12,470 --> 00:03:17,540 And as a result, it remains mostly invisible even at Kryger, 29 00:03:17,540 --> 00:03:28,400 as they selected examines the South Atlantic influences are evident, especially in the character of these two. 30 00:03:28,400 --> 00:03:37,450 The overly sultan character of the Beachwear Temple was at odds with the efforts to revive the notion of kingship, reviving the ritual of Rajavi, 31 00:03:37,450 --> 00:03:46,390 starting a new party without having to shut up and the completion of project, of course, in order to silence the language of the Beast. 32 00:03:46,390 --> 00:03:53,300 This contradiction between these parts of language and having rituals created. 33 00:03:53,300 --> 00:04:01,370 Well, this is the architectural affinity toward certain places and perhaps indicates an inability in 34 00:04:01,370 --> 00:04:08,300 accessing or being unable to create architectural forms that could be used to bolster the ideal saroja, 35 00:04:08,300 --> 00:04:17,940 which was independent of this kind of culture. The Temple of the Beast and the capital of Reiger itself was not used for many 36 00:04:17,940 --> 00:04:25,320 years of the construction in 1894 had been aren't to the movements in 1733. 37 00:04:25,320 --> 00:04:33,030 Sarah Patricia, who managed to get the fort back under moratorium by then, the fort had lost most of its strategic importance. 38 00:04:33,030 --> 00:04:39,510 However, throughout the entire 18th century it was maintained as the other boats, as well as space, 39 00:04:39,510 --> 00:04:45,240 would seem to have been keenly aware of the symbolic value of regret for having said that. 40 00:04:45,240 --> 00:04:51,690 It is also apparent that our no desire to create an independent political identity. 41 00:04:51,690 --> 00:05:01,280 In a letter from 1739, Musharraf writes, Non-accrual Jim Rajni is the younger brother that I just read, setting up a piece of meat puppets. 42 00:05:01,280 --> 00:05:13,860 I took my journal that some bush vanity. The complicated nature of these criss crossing identities is the same in malaria workers 43 00:05:13,860 --> 00:05:19,870 attempts to rebuild Carcieri Temple in Varanasi in place of the nine L'appui Mosque. 44 00:05:19,870 --> 00:05:25,410 Big bank frenzy. The religion is still of of margin was thwarted by the local Brahmins, 45 00:05:25,410 --> 00:05:32,730 who did not wish to upset the tenuous peace homeostasis that existed in the city between Hindus and Muslims. 46 00:05:32,730 --> 00:05:43,030 They wrote to the local representative of Port Barrel Prolactin levels about when we put our instruments and people are talking about each other, 47 00:05:43,030 --> 00:05:51,940 other's alike. Fortunately, sensibly and largely abandoned the project. 48 00:05:51,940 --> 00:05:57,280 Before we hastily attribute the cultural compliance of moderators to political executions, 49 00:05:57,280 --> 00:06:02,350 it is worth reading about, I was later written while on a campaign in the North. 50 00:06:02,350 --> 00:06:08,350 In this letter, the young faced off. All right. You going to come join us? 51 00:06:08,350 --> 00:06:14,230 It's a little different, according to the Panthers. And in the what are just the dangers? 52 00:06:14,230 --> 00:06:14,740 The Hutaree, 53 00:06:14,740 --> 00:06:26,560 what I you for my access to one of your things praises off everything that was there in the North as against what he heard in his own country. 54 00:06:26,560 --> 00:06:32,200 The conflict between inhabitants and the cultural capital that he was aspiring to acquire is never more 55 00:06:32,200 --> 00:06:40,500 evident than in this letter and is perhaps symptomatic of what the numerical ability was getting. 56 00:06:40,500 --> 00:06:46,590 In the religious architecture of 18th century, on one hand, there is a search for cultural and political identity. 57 00:06:46,590 --> 00:06:50,480 And on the other, there is also a fascination with the culture of the other. 58 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:57,450 The story of architecture of 18th century myths bookended by these two positions. 59 00:06:57,450 --> 00:07:01,200 The president said specifically examined Typekit itself, 1873, 60 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:08,700 to trace the movement of architectural forms from diverse cultural context, as observed in the religious architecture of my country. 61 00:07:08,700 --> 00:07:15,030 I do this by examining all templates from 18th century that allow tracing of all movement to begin with. 62 00:07:15,030 --> 00:07:25,810 I will consider briefly the 17th century temple of the beach for a trigger, which becomes almost like a template for temple patrons of 18th century. 63 00:07:25,810 --> 00:07:30,970 There's a visual temple has an enclosing wall around the structure consisting of the Sanctum, 64 00:07:30,970 --> 00:07:37,900 and Amanda sits in the middle of such a blue square scheme was very common, especially in the temple architecture of the South. 65 00:07:37,900 --> 00:07:46,390 For example, temples in Colombo going on and practical also instead of a separate plan more common in the earlier countries Iran. 66 00:07:46,390 --> 00:07:53,410 So students, this arrangement might have been seen as more easier or easier to construct. 67 00:07:53,410 --> 00:08:01,030 The second was a simple matter of using the which was going with little miss on four corners of the structure are placed on the merits, 68 00:08:01,030 --> 00:08:11,230 but the scrappiness even entrance to the shrine is around midnight in lowering the parapet has a bizarre African promoted that runs along the length. 69 00:08:11,230 --> 00:08:16,350 Many of the features of the temple, such as the unadorned square plan. 70 00:08:16,350 --> 00:08:22,710 And closer with Olga adorning the corners using winetricks bulbous bones as she could and the kangaroo 71 00:08:22,710 --> 00:08:29,700 parapet became part of most of the architectural programmes of 18th century temple construction. 72 00:08:29,700 --> 00:08:37,380 I was the First Temple that I examined, Temple, our senior, sat up and started by Soho in 1745. 73 00:08:37,380 --> 00:08:43,500 So who commissioned this? Some other temple for his little brother, Andrew Swan and for this project, the designer builders? 74 00:08:43,500 --> 00:08:45,780 So somebody like you know, 75 00:08:45,780 --> 00:08:54,690 where previously worked on conservation of Bourgeois Temple but appointed Sahu to the Temple Farm as appropriate forum member, 76 00:08:54,690 --> 00:09:03,030 something somebody which was quite different from the earlier most somebody which was the 16th and 17th century. 77 00:09:03,030 --> 00:09:10,350 Somebody before art makes an appearance and sort of nebulous chocolate as an engaged column. 78 00:09:10,350 --> 00:09:20,490 The Mighty Fine Arts had already made a tentative appearance in the step that Santana commissioned by SOHO's Bay and also in the lower storm, 79 00:09:20,490 --> 00:09:31,130 occurring at a point. And besides our tyler1, the steam shoots from stone to break and line an option that had been already right, 80 00:09:31,130 --> 00:09:37,370 and structurally they stir memories for me and the designer will be in consideration of the shortening. 81 00:09:37,370 --> 00:09:41,090 But the base of the sea could be things that come with a profile. 82 00:09:41,090 --> 00:09:48,110 Like the Japanese version, the Chicago proper gets a clear character, with the pillows being made from spectacular whites. 83 00:09:48,110 --> 00:09:52,850 But the stuffy nose in the wings application the horizontal start, 84 00:09:52,850 --> 00:10:01,250 replacing the dominant vertical cores that are observing many of the traditional temples of the 14th century. 85 00:10:01,250 --> 00:10:05,450 The Bangladesh Pavilion, simply referred to as Bangladesh in later takes, 86 00:10:05,450 --> 00:10:11,540 mixing up appearance at the centre of the Buddhist opinions which occupied the corners on this claim. 87 00:10:11,540 --> 00:10:16,820 The Bangalore quite quickly came to dominate the scheme in the later temples. 88 00:10:16,820 --> 00:10:28,670 The profile had already been tried once in somebody of Rajaram, who at least some other, which was probably some, perhaps around 17, 30 to 40. 89 00:10:28,670 --> 00:10:36,720 The window of the window and some balance in the second half are filled with Islamic democratic patterns. 90 00:10:36,720 --> 00:10:42,870 Some of the rectangular panels have painted geometrical patterns with deep Muslim background and white language. 91 00:10:42,870 --> 00:10:50,920 A style of painting that became known as shaping things. This was probably a tradition of pre-school painting speaking, for example. 92 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:58,150 But the craft used the X Factor from the blood of our particular bust in Morocco. 93 00:10:58,150 --> 00:11:08,700 The main mosque to become a little boxy mirabilis, a laptop from which the name of us, I believe, must become a muscle style of painting. 94 00:11:08,700 --> 00:11:16,800 Though far from satisfactory, the overall of the final is the overall form of the temple managed to come up with a solutions, 95 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:22,980 a set of automotive solutions that were tried all throughout the 18th century. 96 00:11:22,980 --> 00:11:30,660 The Second Temple that I have selected to examine is the Temple of Solomon said at a small place called Tuscany of 40, 97 00:11:30,660 --> 00:11:39,630 which is located 217, Perkins simultaneously is even before Shah, who undertake the construction of some other temple. 98 00:11:39,630 --> 00:11:44,550 But it also had started a number of construction projects after the native village 99 00:11:44,550 --> 00:11:50,810 of Saskatchewan marketing the Plan of Salvation Temple 6.2 square composition. 100 00:11:50,810 --> 00:11:57,450 It is in the articulation that the differences that this temple become apparent. 101 00:11:57,450 --> 00:12:03,990 The transition of Square one was in the circular dome above is married with eight artists. 102 00:12:03,990 --> 00:12:13,980 However, unlike the Limbert after limber step where the Sultanate profile dominates with the mighty becoming almost a decorative feature, 103 00:12:13,980 --> 00:12:22,050 the artist can blossom elsewhere. If he was the logic, the other might be five minutes with the Sultan of profile under. 104 00:12:22,050 --> 00:12:33,250 In its physical form, the art is very similar to the late 17th century tomb of the lower tier, located 74 kilometres from Testament. 105 00:12:33,250 --> 00:12:38,740 At the root level, these uppity women are replaced by Brazilians at the Four Corners. 106 00:12:38,740 --> 00:12:44,440 Even the parents who could allow users to miniaturise Bangla Pavilion as their dominant component, 107 00:12:44,440 --> 00:12:50,890 with the minaret becoming a pillar element between the niches. 108 00:12:50,890 --> 00:12:57,750 The most significant element introduced in summation was the iconic Big Mark, the Persian cypress field. 109 00:12:57,750 --> 00:13:02,680 It was transformed into a stone tree of lights shaped like a cypress tree. 110 00:13:02,680 --> 00:13:06,760 The inspiration would have been from a Mughal lighting fixture. 111 00:13:06,760 --> 00:13:13,420 I'm not really sure about this, but it seems likely that inspiration could have come from the removal ponds, 112 00:13:13,420 --> 00:13:17,770 even when, unlike the similarity with a cypress street. 113 00:13:17,770 --> 00:13:29,520 But staggered hosta or hands by placing lights placed so much like branches on repeat and then carried by a stylised Typekit spray is quite epic. 114 00:13:29,520 --> 00:13:39,750 The Third Temple that I select is the Temple of Punishment and the appalling outdated to 1749 just before the temple was completed, 115 00:13:39,750 --> 00:13:45,030 so all of these temples are almost simultaneously being constructed. 116 00:13:45,030 --> 00:13:54,260 So before that temple was completed last time, the Bishop had constructed a small temple bar on the banks of the river in the opening. 117 00:13:54,260 --> 00:14:02,530 Yet the man with a single door in the centre is protected with a train or tripartite loggia. 118 00:14:02,530 --> 00:14:12,270 In Venezuela, the two freestanding columns that are articulate in a manner reminiscent of Sadat's president, I grappled. 119 00:14:12,270 --> 00:14:22,560 The base of the second is off, pregnant women tell me that it's becoming almost like just overcome the Cyprus column sort of Mobil Corp., 120 00:14:22,560 --> 00:14:29,700 which outlines top accomplishments at the base in literally the simple practise of the base of bulbous up, 121 00:14:29,700 --> 00:14:34,860 it all replaced again by the country's reported, as in Macacos, argued the column, 122 00:14:34,860 --> 00:14:43,300 as well as the account of the sleepwalking, are traced to the cultural exchange between the European and the trial court. 123 00:14:43,300 --> 00:14:49,150 A feature that is the most fascinating aspect of the Nature Temple and which unfortunately was 124 00:14:49,150 --> 00:14:54,760 never attempted in any of the later structures must be the water challenge surrounding the temple. 125 00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:58,030 This water channel or park, more than anything else, 126 00:14:58,030 --> 00:15:06,080 exemplifies known as first fascination with the culture of water and as he calls it, in his later minutes, we saw earlier. 127 00:15:06,080 --> 00:15:17,350 Just to note, the surrounding crazy pairing with closely storm peppers is again the continuation of this waving or construction practises. 128 00:15:17,350 --> 00:15:22,270 In the end, you are what I completed in 1760 by an unnecessary spell, 129 00:15:22,270 --> 00:15:29,020 we can see a complete and refined version of the circle that account and Wahid upbeat as must have been designed by now. 130 00:15:29,020 --> 00:15:34,870 I say that we see a full expression of the movement saw and done on the Cyprus border column. 131 00:15:34,870 --> 00:15:43,950 It was the closest that the Turkish war came to acquiring the architectural capital from the North that is still desired. 132 00:15:43,950 --> 00:15:53,160 I come to the fourth and the last temple that I'll be looking at the Temple of Doom trip approximately to late 18th century. 133 00:15:53,160 --> 00:15:57,660 The temple at Dome, probably constructed in the late 18th century, 134 00:15:57,660 --> 00:16:05,340 is one structure that we see all three disparate cultural influences brought together in a workable architectural scheme. 135 00:16:05,340 --> 00:16:11,220 The plan square sanctum with rectangular loggia attached to it. 136 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:18,060 The lengths to push Hezbollah guerrillas are incredulous. The pavilion's are breaking deeply with three bases. 137 00:16:18,060 --> 00:16:26,910 The very clearly articulated within the nations of the Battle of Pavilion's are Islamic fighters scouring relief and colour with other colours, 138 00:16:26,910 --> 00:16:31,500 including, of course, the ambassador pigment. 139 00:16:31,500 --> 00:16:40,410 The rectangular loggia has four cypress columns, two of them freestanding and two that are engaged with the side, what's the status of the front? 140 00:16:40,410 --> 00:16:46,090 It's a vertical balance of floral motifs carved in both sides stone. 141 00:16:46,090 --> 00:16:50,290 A graph which recalls the similar patterns recall similar patterns are on 142 00:16:50,290 --> 00:16:57,810 strength carved in sandstone at ports of Leonardo and oppose the tax complex. 143 00:16:57,810 --> 00:17:00,660 The problems have a base with a Qantas motive. 144 00:17:00,660 --> 00:17:10,860 A barber shop with stylised knees and a cot for the mighty US has Cyprus spring and spring in point, also called coily in Marathi. 145 00:17:10,860 --> 00:17:15,600 The motive, also known as bookie, was embroidered on ceremonial dresses, 146 00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:25,050 has become part of the Saudis as Kuwaiti has entered the they've got as stories for army and the Kuwaiti or carry 147 00:17:25,050 --> 00:17:33,860 on would be became so widespread that most of the major languages of the subcontinent have a word for this small. 148 00:17:33,860 --> 00:17:44,750 In conclusion, 16th century, the Cyprus column and the mighty fine arts was reserved exclusively for Ireland since. 149 00:17:44,750 --> 00:17:50,030 By the time Britain contract for President Barack Obama was draughted in 1887, 150 00:17:50,030 --> 00:17:54,920 it seems to have become a standard item in building contracts of the noble houses. 151 00:17:54,920 --> 00:18:06,830 Just the mention so that made up, but so was enough for the patron, as well as the beta to understand what was exactly desired and deliver according. 152 00:18:06,830 --> 00:18:17,150 And then in 1936, when engineer [INAUDIBLE] contractor Mr Tsui rebuild the shrine of Chicane on the Reiger in 1936, 153 00:18:17,150 --> 00:18:23,390 then the Cypress Column and the Mighty Arch was a part of the vernacular tradition. 154 00:18:23,390 --> 00:18:32,630 So that company may repeat so often depicted as seen as the cultural identity of Mughal architecture become in the final analysis, 155 00:18:32,630 --> 00:18:39,530 this one an important example of the circulation of forms, amongst other things. 156 00:18:39,530 --> 00:18:49,010 A small postscript which I would like to add we talked about Melody's efforts to reconstruct the conversation our temple in place of the Grand Mosque, 157 00:18:49,010 --> 00:18:55,250 the mosque and its surroundings that are being used. The state government plans to build a Grand Temple next to the mosque. 158 00:18:55,250 --> 00:19:00,070 The construction is almost over, I believe. Matthew Azoff, all. 159 00:19:00,070 --> 00:19:09,160 Let's how been cleared to make way for the new development. The neighbourhood, this thing has split into Hindu and Muslim with a border between them. 160 00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:18,250 A recent report related to bring the 9th of August in Indian Express quotes a Muslim student who says, and I quote earlier, 161 00:19:18,250 --> 00:19:25,630 every few days I would go with my family for the banks of the room under God and not worry about the evening. 162 00:19:25,630 --> 00:19:31,830 For now, we hesitate to go to war, but the music that they have. 163 00:19:31,830 --> 00:19:36,000 The similarity with Malala worker situation is uncanny. 164 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:39,960 The difference is this time there is no one to reason with. 165 00:19:39,960 --> 00:19:41,952 Thank you.