Further ado, I would request Marjorie to start the presentation.
We are going to go follow the exactly the same proceedings we I will give verbal warning to each of the speakers up 15 minutes,
a five minute warning, and then there will be 10 minutes of discussion after that.
So I would request all the participants to stick to their times.
Pretty much they rigorously. So the floor is yours.
Please, please, please start your presentation. Thank you very much. Thank you.
And thank you, and I thank the organisers, though, certainly for accepting my presentation and without thinking much of your time.
I hope I'm already. I know. Just.
Yes, you had already put some hold of or grand opening.
So I'm going to share the screen, though. Can you see up the screen?
Yes, no problem. So the topic for free circulation explosives in ancient western India.
So I'll be discussing some case starting, as you can see from the slide.
There are some motifs, some symbols, some sculptures, which are not Indian embassy.
So how do they come here? Why do they come here?
Or was it a victim? Basically, in that Indian things there just weren't welcome to this country.
So these the other general, Michael Maharashtrian, that we know there are good games, at least.
I'm pretty sure that many of you are aware of all these facts.
So without going out here, without this, I just don't especially who are not familiar with the architectural brilliance to learn, to be heard.
I just show, although it overlooks that you have is a super would you look unitary monument is in the mall.
But in the event of both the middle and the of which is in fact the residential quarter for the monster to.
So basically, this will this gives us functional and they were used by people.
They were abused by the monks in those days to stay over there for some time or for some more time.
So both accuse one or two days or then during the rainy season, they will stay there for a longer day.
So therefore, to shape the rule and we are all using these terms later on,
their name might not explain the water to Google as a prayer hall having an object of worship.
And we have to agree to the residential order. So these kids who these little kids are located on the trade roofs and then we find that we are
tied to sort for trial along with the traders and during their interaction with the president,
they would interact with each other and these ideas of tourism that probably instigated the event, really willing to give some donation.
So sometimes it so also happens that the parents were given some shelter if the days of or one night or so and in return,
they wanted to give some donations. So in this way, we find that many is is very estimated along these groups are at the same time.
We also find numerous inscriptions in this case which tell us about the name of the donor, etc. But here study,
we also find that there are some ideas or something that can some beliefs or some
cultural traditions or practises which were prevalent in the Western world.
They were also exchange along with The Mummy and the other facilities, and we find them depicted in the art of this visits.
So we see what they are.
So here is a list of some of the art forms which we don't find in the previous Indian cultural context or are just word worldwide.
So here we have a depiction of Sphinx.
Then we also have seen God we have because this Griffin.
We also have the depiction of elves or else like people.
And then we also have our depiction a unique one, which is always of interest with human visits, evidence, the spinning and indiscriminate.
So these are some of the motifs which we find in the Indian architecture,
but then we don't find them to be depicted in the literary works of the contemporary period or other results.
So many of us know Indians. India was visited by foreigners for a very long time,
but the reform there to be good for the visiting of the foreigners who was from the region of Alexander Imports and.
So it is believed that Indians in these three plants of people of these three clans living over here or visiting India,
they are policy owners who where the union, Greeks or whoever the people belong in the bush.
Then the show goes over the citizens. And then all of us do what we know about the invasion of a long time, noting that our fourth century B.C.
So we start seeing the onset of those motifs that we find in the 17th phase, but which are not found anywhere else in the Indian context,
especially with the literature or the interpretations of religious traditions.
Instead, we must have something in our mind. We must not disturb all these religious monuments.
It is not that everything anything could be done or anything will be playing with the artistic worldwide or the design of the monuments.
Because although it was design which was going to be thought over, there was for the sanctioned by the monastic order.
And there were also very important stakeholders to sanction such depictions in the religious context in those period those days.
So it is also very important because the monastic order, the. Who were in charge, where were the authorities of this particular two?
They were familiar with this idea that they're going to get their dinner approved,
prove their depiction of these foreign concepts in a religious moment or symbols.
So we do find a depiction of sphinx at various places.
But this is again an agnostic, which is number 10 and which was a donation of Ordinary Sugar, a sugar ruler called as an albino to his son in law.
We'll show it out then how to get one the donation for the creation of this particular case,
it is a long inscription over here, which takes us about the whole thing. But interestingly, on the exterior, we have beautiful decoration of these.
Animals are produced with animals, which are written by the composer,
etc. But when we see what is shown on the interior hidden part of the popular decoration,
we find such depictions the Sphinx, Griffin, etc. and some composite animals also.
So here we are, this is the facade of the big studio around here.
Inside we have Springs, Griffins and many other composite animals, though these indicators that probably the designers, the artists, all the patrons,
they wanted these sculptures over here, but they did not want them to be seen, obviously,
by them or people who visited the site, but still they wanted the site or this particular cave.
Perhaps this because probably they thought that they had some functional place in this world, also in the eastern world also.
So on the other hand of the entrance we see, we see similar sphinx and other composite elements here.
This thing is clearly seen. Similarly, in the case of the carmakers, which is also a creation of what was first century BCE first century A.D.,
but there are many such concerns and those that are produced and what has inscriptions,
voting the donations of the foreigners given the need for the creation of these gifts
and you're also not in the eye of the interior of the eye and facing the wall.
We have such depictions of things, then all of which is again, probably it was written by random people who were to before,
and they might not even see the depiction of these people or these motives.
But they are the reason that I wanted to have them over there. So probably again, such motifs.
This isn't from me. So where do you want to? There's an example.
There were many such people who area one, those who had given donations of either the Greeks or the people coming beyond the Hindu Kush mountains.
And just so they had given donations for the creation of these givers,
or they're given money for the creation of one single bidder or something like that.
And they wanted such mountains to be there in the cave, probably to protect them because the symptoms thinks over there wants to protect the monument.
But here is another layer, as we added, is the name of the group at a place called Estonia,
where again, in this state there is a depiction of the Sphinx.
Similarly, when we go unheard of, we find another depiction which is not of native origin, etc.
So this particular cave is my than.
The place is called as badger. And generally the cradle.
The earliest date of this date is around Sigurdsson, B.C. But then there are many other girls which were later on.
But then, though generally speaking, this particular case, there is no known being oriental.
Obviously, this was in a bit of Persia when it was discovered originally in 1883 and then when it was restored,
it looks like and the people did the same view of credit on their mission and in this direction also.
But they're on the Leicester. We have the big picture of the centre.
You can see over here this is a sketch of whatever is shown over here.
These are the same thoughts and they are shown as supporting the ceiling of these patients because this is
actually a special issue because we have no such things to protect because the central pillar is broken for them.
The earliest could just tell us that there was also a central problem supporting this building.
Also, we can't a similar motive. So this is the game, and then this building is now missing.
So after this entering the same game, we have another depiction, which is again, a horrible vision disclosure because biggest,
this is the picture of two places in this setting is the first one is the badger,
and the cave is for second century B.C. Some people call this the second time doing this event on the basis of the.
Some people say it wasn't really B.C. anyhow.
We find that at this time in western India, we have the depiction of IS, which in fact was a Greek,
and we find an old friend of ancient because it's in Greek mythology of some very, very old times.
You went in sixth century B.C. we have such a beautiful bronze is made of the gases and we see the depiction of bigness in some the and pottery.
So right from that on 5th century B.C. So this one comes from Sicily.
So in the Greco-Roman world, we find a depiction of figures is going to be fine mentioned in many myths in the contemporary period.
When then? So this is the depiction of Centaur, which we see for the sequence here again,
we find that a big shot of centring the Greek mythology in Rome for a fifth century B.C. and
we find a depiction of the same Guinevere on 4th century B.C. So probably these motifs,
these concepts that have circulated over the continents and the east India.
So another depiction of Pegasus is found at this place called this water, but we have a.
And then on the palestra of the railing of those steps, we have this depiction of because this one of the third.
You don't see the doctor under the radar. There is this horse, it looks like this.
And then these two creatures had also very interesting.
There also lots of who are shown supporting the superstructure of the states, including the the.
We work with them here, the Typekit, although they're.
So here we know because this was the son of Poseidon and it was not going to look at it.
And then he was the main course of whitefella. So we don't have any such concept methodology.
And do Scientology or Indian mythology also in this time of the crisis?
I know we find there because this plays a major role in many treatments.
But then we find a depiction of the government.
And so I guess this idea by John, incidently at Hula-Hoop, in the excavations of Small Rawlins, image of Poseidon was on the phone,
and we see the following contract with India very clearly in this in the form of this
particular sculpture and also in the form of the sculpture that we saw in Punjab.
Similarly, we have another new concept coming in Indian politics, and that is if you go with the wings of being like you,
it's so at the same place where what are the result of a depiction of figures this year we see the eviction of these birds with their ears.
They would get a little bit differently. They look something like that years after.
Of course, they are like the wings of birds, as if the birds as they they can't predict the infamy that I would be.
Similarly, such people, such creatures. Well, we'll leave it there aside from both calamities or dangers.
And here they are also shown bearing the load of the superstructure at the entrance of the take the roof of a similar Emanuel's phone.
But then here, even though we have the air like the wings of the birds, the person is shown waving an ornament of living snake.
Well, Sir O'Connell in his heels.
So probably this is again a guardian who was placed over there, regardless of the removal from the incoming calamity.
And just as the quality of the birds is like, they can sense the danger in their hands.
Similarly, these guardians would also sense and then the calamity, you know, to one side, would protect the whole site.
This was an important figure because even though it is broken today,
if it was put together in the legs and the whole body was put together, it would have become more than seven feet in height.
So it suggests the importance of function and the place of this particular guardian,
and it was already done because it was formed at the end of the day,
which was in by ship, but it was discovered a simulated depiction is also home at the end of the game at home learning,
which can be a good border post. And you see and you are also refine your look something like this at the beginning of a bird.
So hold these guardians to the horror and on.
They probably had a lot to do with the role to play in the Buddhist context.
I mean, it's one Jedi mind. Thank you.
Even though we don't have any friends with these people, we do find their depictions in that Buddhist art.
So again, we more here with sick of it. We have an interesting depiction.
I want to touch on this, but this is the repetition of human faces as beam ends over here on this really under the railing.
So this is the first depiction of such a thing. And again, people have interpreted this motif as the guardian faces.
As the mascot are expected to be having those still look like the faces that are there to the whole monument.
Similarly, our heroes, so we have a similar depiction we wanted and also on the facade of this particular game we have is a depiction of human faces,
vertical wandering order, and these are covered with human faces.
And then we also have the depiction of Griffin's moves forward quickly as we have a lot to see.
And so here in recent interviews again, we heard a depiction of Griffin's magic again on the other side of the building.
We see the difference, so is also there.
And then though with water and with clean of water who are more difficult to splice,
this by scallion is again a unique motif that we find only on and hopelessness in this second, and other places do not.
We're done right from our own a sixth century B.C., we find it on the benchmark points on the early unused coins.
We do see sometimes the more the better, and we just always buy scallion.
We don't have any good in Indian politics, but if we see the wisdom, the reason we find there is motive was found in the mule as a Neolithic symbol,
you know, from around 4th century B.C. in the European context,
it was considered as auspicious because we find it the roundup of cheers of the warriors.
And then now we can see that a bit of this price billion will be on the in the society where we
have come from four thousand four hundred B.C. And then this particular cup comes from Mycenaean,
a world which was related to around two thousand B.C. And then we also find another depiction of the scallion on the Newgrange of two megalithic boom.
This is a business item, which is they're located in Ireland.
And what we do there, this is of the Neolithic age, European Neolithic age and dating back to 3200 B.C.
So this is probably one of the earliest depictions of Brazilian, which is at the entrance of this particular tomb.
And then we also find that there are two under which we see over here on the far side of the river.
And another interesting thing is we have found the depiction of Brazilians on an object which was discovered from this particular Super X Obara.
This is where Sorbara was probably constructed during the time of Ashorkor, but it was recorded from time to time.
There are many parts of the Cascades under inside the Super, and though the clusters,
which was the golden one, has the depiction of the skeleton on it.
So it is really interesting to note that on third century B.C., although we don't know the date of this particular class,
therefore we can't say that this was during the dinosaur show will probably be the donation of the children.
What period were then?
We are not very sure because there is no evidence to say that this particular basket as we see many donations, murder of the period of time.
But then we do find that these motifs, these foreign motifs, became a part of the visual repertoire of the early Indian art and especially the will.
This could give the reason why that is an important mission for which we don't have a clear answer to this.
But then we can say that rather than artistic depictions, they had probably be functional functionally.
I don't know why the monks did not object the depiction of these things,
because these have nothing to do with the Buddhist mythology or the Indian, my photos or the folk tales or nothing like that.
But probably these were introduced in India on face quite long ago,
like maybe sixth century B.C. or even fifth century B.C. forced into reviews and probably better depicted on the monuments,
which were of perishable nature. And that is why we have not found them at all, and we see only those monuments and the depiction of these motifs,
which were made in stone and they only have survived otherwise.
We don't know what was what had happened before towards B.C., especially in the face of this one image,
and we see that they had religious sanction for their depiction.
So probably the role which they played in the Western context was also implicated, employed in the Indian context and they were put there.
They were called over there as protecting symbols for the whole side of their particular monument, but also the monuments of what we see.
These foreign symbols depicted her face, some probably on the other in their own creation or on the face of the whole site.
And there are many problems and then the Googles, so it'll protect that particular game from such calamities.
Such symbols will probably cover, and that is why nobody has to object to just any right to give in the modern times that we in India,
even though we have this age, always push us through in Indian culture.
We do follow feng shui. At some point. Many, many people follow feng shui, which is a Chinese origin, which is of Chinese Majidi.
The time is up. Could you please can to see the end of the presentation?
Okay, so this is what I just wanted to show. So those are the ideas and has nothing to do with this period of time.
Thank you.