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Request from our University of Andover to finally begin with this presentation.

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This presentation is entitled Debating Sexuality Morality in the Early 20th century monarchy the credit crunch.

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Rahul, you will begin now and at the end of 15 minutes, I will give you a verbal warning saying that you need to come forward in five minutes.

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Your presentation will last for 20 minutes,

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which will be followed by questions of the attendees are free to those questions submitted to the checkbox and students.

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Kishor has pulled it out of the session.

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We have a bit of extra time for presentations as well, so if if there are any questions then we can take a little bit of extra time as well.

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So what I will use? Thank you and thank you, everyone.

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It's a challenge for me to sort of get everything you know, to complete my people within that stipulated time, but let me sort of try.

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So first, let me see what the basic argument or the central argument that I'm sort of working on.

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As I say in the abstract, I'm exploring an interplay between sexuality,

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cost and power in early 20th century Meraki literary culture, where a range of characteristics,

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including an emphasis on materiality and body rationality and a conscious individualism,

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all of which came to be associated with the idea of modern progressivism, became apparent in the literary and intellectual culture.

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According to set up a form of romanticism popularised by radical and wondrous CDs, an association of words and also by not only our own quirky,

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highly influential novelist paved the way for a new moralistic with the new idea of body

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and gender relations and contributed a new sense of self that was based upon romanticised,

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gosta based aesthetics.

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It led to the cultivation of an idea that literary and starting emancipation is the desired goal for the educated, urbanised upper caste elites.

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There's the materiality of a feminine body. It's romantic and sensual. Falwell was at the centre of this new literary culture.

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I seek to argue that the cultural politics shift in the first half of the 20th century monastery revolved around two categories of sexuality,

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gossip and money, and in the process imagined a certain form of modesty and progressivism.

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The people briefly is divided into three broad parts, so the first part was like this since the early 1921,

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few boards used together the House of Schriever and majority it so that she'll be confronted on every Sunday.

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This informal association was beamed around the threads of their shared love of word,

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spontaneity and charming yet rebellious expressions of romantic love.

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The new aesthetics that appeal to them was quite different from the one that the producers of the

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Times and had to soon be realised in the rebranding to sort of newness in modern Marathi poetry,

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which led them form a would be collective meme to get in wonder.

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It went on to become a celebrated event in the history of modern Marathi poetry,

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and we're all reformers by intent and attitude and due to the love marriage overdramatise the Montville had acquired a romantic aura.

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RadRunner de-couple was often thought of as monasteries. But you want Robert and Elizabeth Browning and were celebrated as a symbol of romantic love.

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The Mondal never really had a formal constitution.

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It functioned more like a group of friends who were connected by their conceptions of what we said desire to express

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normal forms of love and a carefree and romantic attitude and progressive ideas about domestic and conjugal life.

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The room really kellenberger emerged out of other circles. Unlike any of them,

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it achieved mythical status and generated noble poetic energy and influenced a generation

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across of the work became a mysterious and iconic figure to the efforts over the weekend.

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It was particularly significant even for understanding what the Marathi literary history

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and the intellectual life of middle class Marathi society in buni of the 1920s,

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we wonder was a significant contribution to both the content and the narrative style of more than

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Marathi poetry to its primary principle of dynamic ideas of friendship between men and women.

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Individualism, new notions of gender interactions in society and new institutes of work.

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There were eight members in the mental model, but one of them was them was model.

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Julian, who was a scholar of Persian, was the most influential poet of his poetry, was considered to be blasphemous by many,

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and his mythical status amongst literary circles had invited several prejudiced gazes at him.

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In 1923, he was accused of having an affair with one of his students.

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Of that, he was teaching in Ferguson College Miss World a night of partying, but Gordon was a professor of Persian information.

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Malicious rumours about them were in circulation, but Whitman's biographer Dylan Buckley,

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and succinctly summarised the situation in Monroe that Maduro had found himself in in the following manner.

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Maduro was immensely enjoying his public life ever since he had joined the weekend, one night in July 2019 21.

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There was nothing unethical in his behaviour, but his actions were breaching the established conventions of social interactions in society.

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The ways in which these boards roamed around in the streets at night, the unhindered exchanges between men and women in their circle,

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the romantic ones on picnics in the border guards the unfettered expression of romantic and sensuous love in the poetry.

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All of these things were considered eccentric by not just the typical Orthodox, but also by the liberal reformers.

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In particular, Maduro had become a thorn in the flesh of modern society when many were drunk.

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When anecdotes of romantic and passionate guzzles and loss on its head bent, the whole situation were perfectly ripe for rumours and gossip.

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At that very hour arrived Virgo Naidu, a Swedish beauty with the tennis racket in her hand and her pleats floating around at this colourful stage.

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And gossips flourished all around the middle class of slushy lunch and were paid through their malicious idle chatter.

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We've been implicated in fantastic web of myths and legends around Maduro.

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The despair of going kitchen and an increasing number of girls studying at the college level.

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The pre-eminent subject of this new widespread poetry was romantic love and a strong desire to free

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to become free from social restrictions on interactions between men and women in public spaces.

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But as you can see, as we can discern from the examples of example of London, this desire for freedom was being met with strong reactions.

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One of the ideas of romanticism and freedom were at the centre of this new literature and poetry of

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widespread influence of Victorian morality and ethical societies about bodily aspects of this romantic love.

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Then equally persistent wickedness would re-imagine love as a form of worship,

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a form of death and martyrdom, which at times would take them a little too seriously.

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There is at least one recorded story about a friend of an oddity whose unsuccessful love had led to a suicide.

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It cut his wrists while reading the order on it. His poem The 202 from the jaws of Dead.

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But what has ordered is buoyed by his low management manoeuvre,

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all as a matter of fascination for young people of point long marriages in the early 1920s,

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such as that, of course, man with the German Panopto responded.

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Better known as has been named, money also became legendary that recounted in public conversations and literary conciliatory circles of the time.

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Love letters written by Cusumano at the inanity, who each other from 1923 to 27 were published later.

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Interestingly, the fact that in many of these ugly letters, what goes along with the internal report to each other as brother and sister,

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it reflects the influence of the idea of platonic love of the time.

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It was important for them to underline that their friendship was without any element of sexuality.

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This complexity and romantic feelings between the sexes was not limited to just personality and during this Balotelli's model,

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but what an intense emotion for a friend chandelier.

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Like what once told him that he reminded her of a character called Julian Adderly from many novel called God's Good Man.

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And since then, but Worden was quick to take it as his pen name and became Margot Julian.

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However, as Lincoln herself wrote in her memoir, she was a tomboy and had even started to write her name as Shantaram instead of Chantilly.

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She wrote, I cannot think of marriage. Masculinity is deeply enmeshed in a bone in my body.

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Another friend of Port Vernon and his liquor collection, Mubayi Chaudhry, was deeply attracted to this masculinity of her liquor,

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which, according to her liquor, was not new to her as a liquor recounted in her memoir As Much Thought Annoyance.

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Multiple women were attracted to her and to complete the circle good Chaudhry and put one of the news to share their feelings for liquor,

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but also being attracted to each other, as all three of them also called one another brother and sister.

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This multi-dimensional intricacy of this romance is indicative of how deeply how dealing with physical abuse,

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an intensely difficult activity for this generation,

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and how the materiality of romance have now become the central preoccupation of literary production.

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But what was gravel have narrated an incident with something illegal but wouldn't share an intimate moment.

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But at the very at the very at the very moment, the hesitant Hellicar one warden changed.

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Hydrogen, but when it eventually got a bomb on her as his mother.

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The famous boom, but you must this became an iconic celebration of motherly love in Marathi.

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Was that a poem written by Bergen or had liquor?

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Even in the case of Night Naidu, who was the source of much turmoil in patrolmen's life and the feelings for one another remain on it.

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In a letter to Common Friends,

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Reader wrote Birkenhead asked him who convinced better than for marriage line in another letter to what was then during the controversy,

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she wrote, My good wish would always be that you if you call me mother as you used to my blessings of it to my baby forever.

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The contradictory boss of romantic desire of a significant not only in the lives of literally people,

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but also in the literary representations of heterosexual love in Marathi novels, particularly the embodied nature of heterosexual romance,

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featured prominently in immensely popular novels written by the most influential novelist of the time not only got quirky,

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who wrote more than 100 novels published between 1970 and 1974.

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For example, this provided a wide variety of circumstances, a range of job,

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difficult settings described various kinds of laws while essentially providing the seem not to do falling in love,

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encountering a crisis and then finally reuniting and living happily ever after.

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This crisis could be caused by a number of things. The levels may belong to different costs.

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Usually, the difference up costs of romance or one of them has a psychological complex.

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For example, in a novel called Ordar Meaning Redemption, published in 1935, the heroine had a dream where she was read,

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and then she began to believe that she was pregnant through the rest of the novel.

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Then the main protagonist who resolves to not offer mental complex to redeem her.

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Or there would be a gap between economic status of the two levels, for example, in the novel called dollar,

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which meaning wealth published in 1929 or at times for forgive to use patriotism as a source of this crisis in life.

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It is indeed fascinating to see how deployed in the best of luck one to two to bring together a couple in privacy novel published in 1937 in Privacy,

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Roger and Omaha. They're attracted to each other, but due to the influence of the idea of platonic love on them,

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they always maintain a certain physical distance between them. When they heard the news of Brown's death,

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the sheer intensity of the brief mentioned the physical distance between them and thus does resolve the crisis in their lives.

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In one of his more famous novels ended up on the show The Rainbow in 1941,

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the drama was centred around the female protagonists insistence on platonic love and her denial of the physicality of sex.

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Throughout the novel,

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the main protagonist was anxiously convincing her to embrace the embodied nature of romantic feelings between sexes and since moved forward again,

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his readers were already convinced the heroine would finally.

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But isn't all this impressed upon the reader that romance and romantic feelings are the word of their own?

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And what about the mundane ness of human existence? It stressed that romance was the most cherished aspect of the relationship between men and women.

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The romance was what made this life worth living, and this was worth paying any price for.

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And as miracle somebody has shown, the romanticism introduced by Fergie initiated a far reaching paradigm shift in Marathi.

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So much so that even those who were opposed to this are one word ideology of art for art for art's sake that

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impacted deeply loved by his lost popularity for diplomacy and romantic groups in the literary benefits.

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But to. This preoccupation with congeniality and domesticity, however, was not just limited to fictional universe in Marathi,

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Malina Bonham, the good granddaughter of the renowned and ologist and a liberal reformer,

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Dr. John Rocker, married Mr. Bill upconversion of Lincoln Muslim religion on 27 June 1927 in point, and the dying willow marriage was a distant idea.

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It was difficult for the Orthodox community to accept an inter-religious marriage of a Hindu woman of renown family.

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It created a massive stir amongst the more often Orthodox.

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Many organisations and associations across monasteries such as the Munich based Hindu Churchmen College, The Dirty All the modern money,

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not so much from the eloquence on wheels and garage prosodics and unreal and many other public groups

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from the Harvard and Johns go to Goa and Satara organised public meetings to register their protests.

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Banana Burgers, the newspaper associated with the reformist screed and bullying,

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welcomed the marriage and congratulated the couple, its copies were publicly burned.

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Important documents to be good good.

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According to dream sociologist and architect of the first Marathi encyclopaedia, also himself had married Anita Victoria,

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call the German woman of Jewish origin by converting her to Hinduism and was severely criticised for it by the puny orthodoxy.

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In spite of the fact that it going have to go to dissimilar experience, uses response to barring the girl was quite lukewarm.

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In fact, it's the case of the other kid that is quite interesting.

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Here to note, which is ghozlan is because I don't get that it was a grandson of look when it

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took a staunch and applied and the editor of Kasady from 15th of August 1947,

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he sort of, he wrote aggressively in history to defence our guru industriousness jokes and go against all odds.

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In the case of the assassination of Martin, Morandi was imprisoned in independent India for his editorials in the prison.

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He met with Alvarenga, a Christian nun who visited the prison to pray for the Christian prisoners in love and married soon after.

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And Redman became a Hindu and was renamed as unlucky.

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However, because marriage was such a blasphemous act that he was forced to resign from the editorship of Casey, wouldn't you have five more minutes?

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OK, so then I have to run to the third section as quickly as possible.

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This is about the painting quality and the debates about obscenity and art.

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The principle of individualism grew quite rapidly amongst the English educated, organised white collar class of what I call literate,

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this individualism quickly turned to self centric idealism and a desire to maximise one's pleasure and happiness if all events.

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But the Orthodox monarchy leader and the literary critic, this new literature was clearly unethical.

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It is important to note here that the ethics and morality,

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literary and intellectual discourses in this period primarily referred to the social norms about heterosexual romance and the physical act of sex.

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And since the control of homosexual heterosexual romance was a key to retain a clear distinction between gasps,

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sexual morality was also gasp morality and therefore was doomed ethical.

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Thus, when an order of go to newspaper columnists or even a common reader was calling a

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new literature or any of any of these other expressions of modernity unethical,

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what the primary meant was that this literature promoted breaching the gendered values of caste.

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In this atmosphere. How cutting, spending quality.

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Well, it was also titled after the budget or it was also called advanced woman was primarily

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was printed as a go would be used for another literary magazine in June 1930.

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Quality was a portrayal of the backside of a recently made woman.

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She was shown to be wearing a thin cloth that was tightly clinging to her drenched bone.

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It was a painting in the style of photographic realism. Quality was very controversial in the American public sphere throughout the 1930s and

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led to a great number of debates about the relationship between art and obscenity.

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But the central concern was not the quality of the artistic expression,

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but the moral anxiety about the depiction of female sexuality in the works of art.

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There is a range of the range of responses recorded about will be impacted negatively,

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and the publisher will issue one different responses to quality as a painting.

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We're pretty quickly turned to one of the more interesting and more sort of another complex kind of response to quality.

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This is why horror Tumby has got Ramchandra down there with very, very important voice and literary critic from Indore.

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So he defended quality in a literary address he delivered in a weekly meet at Ujjain in December 1931.

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They say Idle Galore animated arts and ethics laid out the art for art's sake argument with a special reference to all.

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We are due for a seemingly contradictory position on the relationship between art and addicts.

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You begin by stating that there never was or should, never, should ever be any relationship between art and ethics.

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And yet its central argument was that it is art ethics.

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What is unique? This terminology for ethics was taken from the Hindu spiritual language seemed terminology that would be applied by his deeds record.

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About a decade later, in his address in Mumbai,

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which went completely opposite goal and he did not surrender to the traditionalist notions of sexual morality by ethics tumby and indeed,

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most of the modern literary critique Silverstein referred primarily to the sexual morality

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of society after affirming that there is no real relationship between art and ethics.

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He went on to provide examples to justify his views through music, dance and sculpture.

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Had Oscar ever been successful in changing the heart of a promiscuous man,

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had Amal ever reformed a drunkard, had a musician, never taught a lesson in morality?

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These were the questions don't be raised in Jesus. Then he turned his attention to other forms of art,

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literature and painting after broadening a range of messages indicating to the beating of

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conventional sexual morality from the works of Shakespeare and Byron to Carlinhos and children.

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Now we definitively asserted that art never did not reach ethical values.

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No imagined art in the form of a beautiful young woman wandering like bees unchanged and free from the burden of

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ethical codes with Tumby art was also free from any end or Gordon's free from the mundane functioning of this.

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Would your town be visualised art in the form of a beautiful flower that blossomed without a cause and spread joy without asking for a dance?

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The true character of art for all of art for Tumby was to remain self-indulgent while being detached from the dialectic of ethical and unethical.

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Much like the way children play games. So art should also exist for the sake of self-expression.

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However, since art is the betterment of material, reality like the flower depicted in art is as beautiful as a real flower,

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but also free from its taunts and the flags that move around the real flower.

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The flower and art pleases us more than the real flower in the real world.

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It takes on distorted truth, is contaminated by one city, and beauty is polluted by unpleasantness.

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Putting art one can witness an absolute truth, absolute morality and absolute beauty.

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The example it used to illustrate his argument about the nature of art was the feeling that I end up for all wrong.

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Yeah, just give me a minute applause. Just the example down, which was to receive this argument about the nature of art, was already,

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he says the feeling that may be aroused by seeing a real drenched woman would not involved by seeing a painting of it because

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the real woman is real and the materiality is absent in the way the artistic expression is composed of aethereal elements.

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The real woman meek wasn't earthly desires, but the painting will only lead to an expression such as What a beauty.

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Since the materiality of body, which is the place of origin of desire,

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is absent in the artistic presentation, the experience of art will not be contaminated with sinful desserts.

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This literature and art in this in this kind of conversation, varied materiality,

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the physicality of of life is is considered to be difficult to deal with that art and literature,

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which will transform all of this reality into a surreal, in a sense, a non-physical, non tangible existence and aethereal kind of existence.

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It is that in some sense, what I wish to argue here is as a closing point is that all of these pieces and all of these

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examples of what what emerges to this discourse in early 20th century 1920s been 1930s,

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is the conversation about how accommodating the liberty of of of a body of sexuality

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was central or central to the production of larger literary and artistic expressions.

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While it has also been extraordinarily difficult for them to to to grapple with that bodily aspect of sexuality and materiality.

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Thank you.