1 00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:06,059 Good afternoon. I'm delighted to be able to chair this meeting, which is a joint meeting between our two centres, 2 00:00:06,060 --> 00:00:09,180 the Russian operations centre, the Middle East centre. 3 00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:15,330 I really enjoy doing this kind of this kind of drug activity which brings our work together. 4 00:00:15,570 --> 00:00:21,420 There are topics which I need to reach out anyway, and this is one such topic. 5 00:00:22,050 --> 00:00:28,080 We have a speaker who is quite well known to many of us here setting out to centres over the last few years. 6 00:00:29,010 --> 00:00:33,390 Our dynamic idea has been really a something of a fiction. 7 00:00:33,850 --> 00:00:37,590 It's been extraordinary how much she has been publishing in this period, 8 00:00:38,460 --> 00:00:45,770 talking to the President and putting us very much to sharing information of the passing of more significant books. 9 00:00:45,830 --> 00:00:53,940 You know, we manage our schools in the right, but Toni goes out to industrial work in case of regional sources and then writes significant books. 10 00:00:54,270 --> 00:01:00,930 So the book we're talking today, Russia and the JCC, which are Professional Council of Tatarstan as part of diplomacy, 11 00:01:01,620 --> 00:01:10,680 is a case study of a wider relationship between Russia and the Gulf States in the post-war period. 12 00:01:11,400 --> 00:01:20,040 And this is truly original because I can't think of another book length study of a constituent part of the Russian Federation. 13 00:01:20,070 --> 00:01:25,290 We're using this as a case of consumer protection, right. From any of the world region. 14 00:01:25,530 --> 00:01:30,209 So that has such a certain greater significance for us in Russia, in European studies, 15 00:01:30,210 --> 00:01:38,880 to understand how there are external relations beyond those of Moscow, just Moscow, Moscow driven, which is often how it's characterised. 16 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:45,509 So diversification really of relations and I could see in the book for me this is little tricky. 17 00:01:45,510 --> 00:01:50,160 Continue takes us into the period of the war, the war of Ukraine, last chapter. 18 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:59,630 So we need to explore how that central conflict has impacted on the relations with China. 19 00:02:00,390 --> 00:02:06,210 China is a visiting fellow at the Centre for Islamic Studies, which well-known person in the centre. 20 00:02:06,900 --> 00:02:09,630 It's a wonderful place to visit for those who haven't. 21 00:02:10,170 --> 00:02:16,020 But she's also non-resident fellow with the Gulf International Forum and she's been an academic this term. 22 00:02:16,070 --> 00:02:19,350 ASYMPTOTE So I would be surprised if we see her in that capacity again. 23 00:02:20,070 --> 00:02:30,210 She has previously published the book Caps All the Practice of Friendship Power for 2022, and she's trying to teach various groups, 24 00:02:30,220 --> 00:02:37,020 including the question of post-Brexit Europe and UK policy challenges towards Iran in the Gulf Cooperation Council states. 25 00:02:37,020 --> 00:02:42,390 So looking at the region from frozen contemporary post-Brexit perspective. 26 00:02:42,930 --> 00:02:51,230 She's published academic papers and papers in a whole variety of different journals RUSI General in Institute. 27 00:02:52,080 --> 00:02:59,880 She has since the recent centre claims University is George Mason University. 28 00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:10,620 Plenty of recent activities of this kind. She completed her first degree at Kazan Federal University, which gave New Hampshire many of us a contact. 29 00:03:10,620 --> 00:03:15,110 The inspiration for your current work. And that makes Mexico University. 30 00:03:16,240 --> 00:03:19,820 I wouldn't want push history from Durham. 31 00:03:20,770 --> 00:03:27,520 Here. So the format of this afternoon will be that Donna will talk for some 55 minutes, 32 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:32,800 something of that kind to introduce them to summarise some of the main findings of the study. 33 00:03:33,370 --> 00:03:35,860 And then we're fortunate we do have a discussant. 34 00:03:36,610 --> 00:03:43,989 Dr. Jonathan, who actually was a former colleague of mine when I was at the Russian Studies Centre and is outside. 35 00:03:43,990 --> 00:03:51,760 She was very cool who are to sticks, but she she is a foremost priority in our country that you actually talked to discuss. 36 00:03:51,760 --> 00:03:58,330 And so Carina agreed at one days notice to offer some comments the past 510 minutes or so to. 37 00:04:00,490 --> 00:04:13,640 Well, so. Dear colleagues and students, it's a great honour to present some of my funding today. 38 00:04:14,210 --> 00:04:19,490 Here is something you squints where they enjoy. None of this is good stuff to convince 19. 39 00:04:19,850 --> 00:04:23,400 And I'm grateful to Professor Eugene Rogers, Dr. Michael Reese, 40 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:32,120 Middle East Centre for seeing the importance of this project in 2019 and for the opportunity to connect with the university. 41 00:04:33,350 --> 00:04:38,000 I'm also grateful to Professor Roy Allison for a very generous introduction, 42 00:04:38,300 --> 00:04:45,140 and also Roy was always a scholar and colleague on the Russia and Middle East relations. 43 00:04:45,350 --> 00:04:46,190 Thank you so much. 44 00:04:47,390 --> 00:04:55,610 I'm also grateful to Amelie Centre and the Russian and the Eurasian Studies Centre colleagues for all their efforts to put this event. 45 00:04:56,150 --> 00:05:03,979 I'm grateful to all of you for joining us today. I know that some of you travelled from Berlin, some in the yellow. 46 00:05:03,980 --> 00:05:11,120 Thank you so much for coming. Thank you for being a viewer of the book and thank you for sharing some comments of that. 47 00:05:11,870 --> 00:05:16,609 And thank you so much, everyone, for this opportunity and for sharing this moment all day. 48 00:05:16,610 --> 00:05:21,080 For me to give a talk at the prestigious really spread the simulation. 49 00:05:21,860 --> 00:05:32,180 So in my capacity as academic visitor to sat in a school to convince my advisors, well, I published two books and despite my private academic focus, 50 00:05:32,480 --> 00:05:39,170 which being mostly on the U.S. states or Middle Eastern relations, the other side of where I was originally originated, 51 00:05:39,470 --> 00:05:46,370 it's been all this involvement and followed the direction of my scholarship is I was in three phases of 52 00:05:46,370 --> 00:05:54,620 the of my first book Cut-off the practice of granted by our staff that I was intern at the office of the 53 00:05:54,620 --> 00:06:01,490 President there in 2012 when that first really started to interesting What elements or particular strategies 54 00:06:01,670 --> 00:06:08,570 can transform small republics or small countries to the more influential actors in the global audience? 55 00:06:08,930 --> 00:06:13,610 In a way, this book Russian The images that are some of our diplomacy, 56 00:06:13,610 --> 00:06:20,200 it's practical continuation of this way of thinking and how really unsettling the status of 57 00:06:20,330 --> 00:06:25,730 being quite important and linked like important role doing this Soviet and Russian case. 58 00:06:26,240 --> 00:06:34,190 The idea of writing this book I created over five years following the active engagement between Russia and the States. 59 00:06:34,370 --> 00:06:40,670 What was an historical reason? Of course. Solomon Saudi Arabia to Moscow in 2017. 60 00:06:40,690 --> 00:06:46,310 In return, President Russian President visited United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia. 61 00:06:46,760 --> 00:06:53,030 And I've been also personally absorbing all of this disengagement while travelling within the Gulf states. 62 00:06:53,300 --> 00:07:00,470 I've been in different conferences. He just conferences like Abu Dhabi, a forum for peace, and not studying such gatherings. 63 00:07:00,470 --> 00:07:09,120 Really. There are huge number of Russian Muslims. Although I knew that important role played by actually Muslims in the Senate. 64 00:07:09,180 --> 00:07:16,280 And then illustrative example of that, Kimmel, who was a daughter agent and the first consul general who granted. 65 00:07:16,970 --> 00:07:22,370 So the phone recognition is the king of you, just initial so done in 1996. 66 00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:28,520 So thereby the use of cell was the first country will actually acknowledge the kingdom for that. 67 00:07:29,060 --> 00:07:35,870 And then over 90 years later another politician of the other region the current race of somebody village you follow. 68 00:07:36,110 --> 00:07:40,790 He was also chosen to carry the invitation of Russian president to King Salma. 69 00:07:41,030 --> 00:07:48,320 And this historic visit invents a cure. So perhaps this moment cannot be compared with each other. 70 00:07:48,650 --> 00:07:54,740 But in a way it also for me it a researcher clarified the important role and direction, 71 00:07:54,750 --> 00:08:01,370 some changes in political dynamics and the role of Russian Muslim minorities in that process. 72 00:08:02,300 --> 00:08:08,830 And in most of scholarly engagement, I noticed that almost the relation between Russia and the U.S., 73 00:08:08,840 --> 00:08:18,680 they were considered either for economic relations or defence security, and not really a look at this specific role of Russian agents. 74 00:08:19,010 --> 00:08:29,780 Therefore, the book examines the puzzle of considering the direct links between each of some GCSE over one time years, and research asks us to look. 75 00:08:29,780 --> 00:08:34,010 Firstly, to what extent should Islamic identities have this relations? 76 00:08:34,310 --> 00:08:37,740 And second, how relations between Moscow and Kazan? 77 00:08:37,760 --> 00:08:41,150 Moscow in the Gulf States also contributed to that. 78 00:08:41,660 --> 00:08:50,750 And these two questions they directly with the history of Tatarstan and being as being part of Russia since 1552 and 79 00:08:50,750 --> 00:08:59,420 don't just accept of Islam or the bulgars in 1932 and the development of Arabian state also from where somebody is. 80 00:08:59,420 --> 00:09:05,330 And it's definitely important to part of this story and for a brief introduction of what follows of. 81 00:09:05,770 --> 00:09:11,710 He said it was lovely. I just I felt that it would be interesting to present it in the book. 82 00:09:12,340 --> 00:09:18,459 Though of funding some of the Marines by slamming Russian forces was what he suggested. 83 00:09:18,460 --> 00:09:22,600 Don't look at it. It's like spring, summer, autumn and winter. 84 00:09:23,040 --> 00:09:28,780 And they develop his findings and specifically considering the evidence which we are looking at today. 85 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:35,890 So it's good that hold this report we do of Islam and modern Russian period is a spring season. 86 00:09:36,400 --> 00:09:46,090 So this period is also a parallel of transformation and establishment of one of the Gulf states is already I mentioned that in 1922, 87 00:09:46,630 --> 00:09:52,440 two kingdoms of you just in this world are united this the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in sixties and so 88 00:09:52,450 --> 00:10:00,040 just a British draw from the Gulf region and encourage them in commercial state to take independence. 89 00:10:00,340 --> 00:10:07,330 And the 1982, the Gulf Cooperation Council was formed and it should be noted that of the Tatarstan Caribbean states, 90 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:10,840 despite the fact that I'm considering for the first time again, 91 00:10:10,840 --> 00:10:16,540 that's just they really put in their mock-ups I got a sample Tartus, the home office, 92 00:10:16,780 --> 00:10:26,650 more flexible mock-up while their counterparts are much thicker, like Hambali or Maliki or the case of AMA is inflexible by the school. 93 00:10:27,070 --> 00:10:34,059 So all of this contributes to the argument of the book and to this its relations, to your theory and the imam. 94 00:10:34,060 --> 00:10:41,709 The key is we know the purpose of school of us there is constructivism particular relevance to our discussions. 95 00:10:41,710 --> 00:10:48,640 They even my research questions to what extent how shared Islamic identities influence that the some Gulf relations, 96 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:56,920 the existing theoretical and empirical you scholarship which focuses on identity for us over cooperation between states, 97 00:10:56,920 --> 00:10:58,900 can be helpful for understanding the situation. 98 00:10:59,260 --> 00:11:07,670 But at the same time, we know that there is other set of literature which really consider to focus on identity as a logic. 99 00:11:07,680 --> 00:11:11,860 I see this by dividing between the states that certain assumptions of self and other. 100 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:15,520 And for example, you one in his book Uses of the Other. 101 00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:19,090 This is the historical evolution of Christian European narrative. 102 00:11:19,330 --> 00:11:23,080 But Jean, the term is the other, and from his famous scholarship, 103 00:11:23,080 --> 00:11:29,260 I intend his epicycles to focus on the relationship between writers of complex speech and one between. 104 00:11:29,570 --> 00:11:35,260 And so we can see that a European or Western relationship with the audience. 105 00:11:35,380 --> 00:11:43,520 In other words, is this the image you can see the relationship between federal governments is constituted by their majority identity and 106 00:11:43,540 --> 00:11:52,420 not really consider how relations will be shape and boost relations between the independent and minority of another state. 107 00:11:52,870 --> 00:11:57,969 So this is a particular gap where the one state contiguous with theory development 108 00:11:57,970 --> 00:12:02,740 efforts examine Muslim JCC states and Russian Muslim Republic of Service. 109 00:12:03,220 --> 00:12:11,140 And the main argument that shared Islamic identities nation which is self and minority self of other states and indigenous 110 00:12:11,410 --> 00:12:18,850 first is self and other have interests in common and others willing to integrate its minorities to this process and secondly, 111 00:12:18,970 --> 00:12:20,500 if self and minorities. 112 00:12:20,500 --> 00:12:29,979 So they have shown interest now with all great existing literature on the subject, I think that's what's really unique and original. 113 00:12:29,980 --> 00:12:40,630 My research, it's the language in its methodology and the chain of evidence collected from and secondary sources in six languages by Native Start-Up, 114 00:12:41,530 --> 00:12:52,710 Russian, English, Arabic and Turkish. Also, I conducted fieldwork in the in public republics because I I'm sceptical that the lack of capital, 115 00:12:52,750 --> 00:12:56,390 the focus of some cultural capital of big Islam. 116 00:12:56,500 --> 00:13:07,260 In Moscow, I met with high elite political elite levels to understand how this relationship called as far as long as is ideal to discuss them further. 117 00:13:07,480 --> 00:13:15,580 So in other words, my work contributes to this a lot of distinct fields of scholarship on Russian relations, 118 00:13:15,670 --> 00:13:18,910 some international studies, other stuff, minority studies. 119 00:13:19,750 --> 00:13:31,510 So let us discuss now the existing relations between ties, etc. and Gulf relations between 1917 and 1990 and immediately after the October revolution, 120 00:13:31,510 --> 00:13:38,410 the Russian government began to take active steps to attract Muslim population of the country of the site of new government. 121 00:13:38,830 --> 00:13:44,480 And as I said, what was initially then Europe, and then the 1920s, 122 00:13:44,860 --> 00:13:52,269 then the start of the socialist Republic was formed and the West should be government also look to the so one Muslim. 123 00:13:52,270 --> 00:14:01,420 That action is one of the main priorities of emerging foreign forces, which initially was very much influenced by ideological attitude. 124 00:14:01,690 --> 00:14:05,290 However, if we look closer here, for example. 125 00:14:06,320 --> 00:14:12,710 He suggests that there were other also reasons why Moscow wants to establish relations among them. 126 00:14:12,720 --> 00:14:22,400 We could see that it was important for a newly a Soviet government to establish relations with their countries, which is so wonderful. 127 00:14:23,030 --> 00:14:27,530 Now you start to attract Muslim population on this country's finances, 128 00:14:27,620 --> 00:14:33,770 say a market for Russian goods in the Middle East and a host, also the activities of Great Britain to achieve this. 129 00:14:34,010 --> 00:14:42,319 But if you don't find the WHO decide to restore relations with Hejaz and so-called invasion into Mecca, 130 00:14:42,320 --> 00:14:52,460 which was the time was very important for you to start also putting through an important mechanism which I look at this through the Muslim factor. 131 00:14:52,730 --> 00:15:03,500 And one of the example of cutting Hakim was known as the Dr. Lawrence of Arabia was born in 1982 in London, which is now only poverty. 132 00:15:04,350 --> 00:15:14,900 But he was such an agent in it. And, Wolf, that's why I wouldn't understand, because the sun and of clean, this could carry more of a legacy. 133 00:15:15,200 --> 00:15:21,700 So this advantage was used for policy making decisions, but particularly and book focuses on his ideas, 134 00:15:21,770 --> 00:15:27,290 which of course, for his diplomacy, a small country, which is Woomera in distribution of gifts. 135 00:15:27,470 --> 00:15:31,250 And I just would like to give some examples of the example of the first. 136 00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:34,999 He's been a direct introduction to even some of the period. 137 00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:43,250 Actually, it was through the had discussion and with the British foreign intelligence officer advisor himself in 1930, 138 00:15:43,640 --> 00:15:49,130 how feel we had good relations with Cuba and then to convinced you can sell to accept taking 139 00:15:49,370 --> 00:15:55,110 is a person who wanted to help defend the rights or the pilgrimage of Muslims from the USSR. 140 00:15:55,460 --> 00:16:00,470 The problem is the Russian sources See, that's the time the British didn't let them through. 141 00:16:00,470 --> 00:16:06,410 The states, fearing the stuffing of Russian presents and penetrating of the so-called communism infection. 142 00:16:06,890 --> 00:16:16,129 Another example of the Muslim factor is a performance of I think you unwrap or small cash make up in the midst of confrontation, 143 00:16:16,130 --> 00:16:20,690 thinking of saying and you just and you over here you will sell. 144 00:16:20,900 --> 00:16:28,280 And this strategic move in many respects change the alignment of forces in the Middle East by giving semantic cover for context. 145 00:16:29,480 --> 00:16:40,459 You keep as like you wrote the letter to even sold asking you and the involved his country you him to give an order to your special 146 00:16:40,460 --> 00:16:48,410 authorities to facilitate our team to make up and after was doing them exchange between letters that didn't even sell them. 147 00:16:48,410 --> 00:17:00,739 I keep up this g accurate and also to a lengthy conversation a couple weeks even out and also with other relic of American government for example, 148 00:17:00,740 --> 00:17:07,580 other officials. So the Russian ambassador officer of the Saudi Arabia former ambassador in his book, 149 00:17:07,820 --> 00:17:12,330 he explains that in fact the distinct package was brilliantly and masterfully. 150 00:17:12,330 --> 00:17:23,540 A few of the aims of Moscow laid the foundation for establishment of efficiently the use of Saudi armament in December 1925 to the field and people. 151 00:17:23,540 --> 00:17:26,870 So it was proclaimed as a given to just as a thought of yes, 152 00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:32,950 but the Soviet government that was and of the Turkish station because the extension of relations 153 00:17:32,950 --> 00:17:37,660 with the same but they they need it now to re-establish again relations with the equal self. 154 00:17:37,910 --> 00:17:43,430 And in that regard thank you it was very instrumental figure he suggests that 155 00:17:43,670 --> 00:17:48,920 to meet even Saudis and himself he just goes behind the wheel of questions. 156 00:17:48,920 --> 00:17:54,440 You go and without thinking any of a place with him, left Jeddah and met him. 157 00:17:54,590 --> 00:18:00,049 Even so, it's just a newly established state in the desert. 158 00:18:00,050 --> 00:18:07,190 And he will stage even by camel, which you kind of was the sign of respect. 159 00:18:07,550 --> 00:18:13,129 And during the conversation, I came up and for you consult about the decision of the Saudi government to recognise that 160 00:18:13,130 --> 00:18:19,530 you are a country so and therefore said union became the first foreign state even place. 161 00:18:19,550 --> 00:18:29,900 The kingdom along with the Delta Muslims are in other also mechanism of using so-called modern language, 162 00:18:29,900 --> 00:18:37,010 spiritual diplomacy, which through the role of some spiritual model in the Russia and saviour, 163 00:18:37,730 --> 00:18:42,250 which to me religious organisation, the world moral region and traditional importance, 164 00:18:42,260 --> 00:18:45,780 the titles, although it's like anything, you fire them into them. 165 00:18:46,850 --> 00:18:52,280 So we just have to in this case is the world Muslim countries which took place in Mecca in 1976. 166 00:18:52,490 --> 00:19:05,200 In the main they were the Soviet government sent to some two delegations there, but the first one was mostly consists from the subtext and the the of. 167 00:19:05,320 --> 00:19:17,760 I then was moved to the Canadian who was also the head of the such a lot of in Russia in the same year and actually involved in a not open official 168 00:19:17,770 --> 00:19:27,640 delegation who was asking all the historians of all of that no known information but looks like they also played some political role in that. 169 00:19:27,910 --> 00:19:37,420 So anyway, that what we can definitely know that the census played a very important role in that time and all their speeches. 170 00:19:37,690 --> 00:19:41,350 They were very supportive of the Senate government and the people. 171 00:19:41,950 --> 00:19:48,040 And the fact that moved to use that for criticism was an act of one of the two or four chairmen of the Congress wouldn't. 172 00:19:48,040 --> 00:19:54,400 But of course, inspect those inspection in Moscow. And the synthesis on this side of the equation was on the side of what it was. 173 00:19:55,090 --> 00:20:02,530 And after the Congress moved to Perkins, who also received gifts from you, consult a Canadian of incest, 174 00:20:02,530 --> 00:20:10,870 which is preserved in the Memorial Museum, museum of his African unit, which was opened in his village of the chap who I used to. 175 00:20:11,260 --> 00:20:17,260 So I was so impressed by the study I went to in the summer. 176 00:20:17,260 --> 00:20:23,979 And this just photos from this museum, which is a special kind of exhibition, 177 00:20:23,980 --> 00:20:31,100 which is just a gift for this man from Congress and despite the importance of torture. 178 00:20:31,120 --> 00:20:37,450 So we within the Senate, we can use the words the kingdom of just in this, especially between 1920s and thirties, 179 00:20:37,780 --> 00:20:42,190 the vote and beneficial for days to himself and the government of the nations. 180 00:20:42,550 --> 00:20:46,690 And in fact he was efforts for building closer links with equal south were vital, 181 00:20:46,870 --> 00:20:51,640 but his efforts didn't contribute to that in peace between the diocese, sister and the Kingdom. 182 00:20:51,910 --> 00:20:58,540 At the same time, Islamic organisation work with importance what the one of the conditions that status but still was crucial 183 00:20:58,540 --> 00:21:05,190 as stated by the centre of the domain in Islam and his brother you lost is leading these conditions. 184 00:21:05,590 --> 00:21:10,120 This again a the view that the only value that was to get a combination between 185 00:21:10,120 --> 00:21:15,010 those the state and all of this can be explained by the internal dynamics itself, 186 00:21:15,020 --> 00:21:24,220 by Kazan, Moscow, along with the Soviet Union relations with Gulf states in 2017 and 1990 in general, which in Chapter three addresses. 187 00:21:24,490 --> 00:21:28,569 Therefore, between 1970 to 1990, in relation between diocese. 188 00:21:28,570 --> 00:21:34,570 And does this come on TV strike is acuity because there was a feel of collaboration between 189 00:21:34,570 --> 00:21:40,660 self and other and then which nature of shared identities of self as this slave to see the 190 00:21:40,660 --> 00:21:46,510 potential challenges raised by others we can use to serve out the gentleman's duality of 191 00:21:46,510 --> 00:21:52,360 power and the threat of a phantom is led to an ocean of disaster status within the state. 192 00:21:52,360 --> 00:22:04,930 A system also this was one in another factor generally which concerned any possibility of formalising relations of the states in any other countries, 193 00:22:05,320 --> 00:22:10,149 including Arabian states and also concerning shape Islamic does just that were 194 00:22:10,150 --> 00:22:14,870 genuinely suppressed during the seven period and by the end of Islam just 195 00:22:15,040 --> 00:22:20,619 earlier and it to for meaning that even limited collaboration if you just feel 196 00:22:20,620 --> 00:22:26,860 to check with for example myself just you didn't have a final impact on that. 197 00:22:27,280 --> 00:22:39,930 Now I'm suggesting for most of the period between 1990 and modern days and they don't for to meet at the age and then after, of course, you start. 198 00:22:40,030 --> 00:22:44,560 Okay, I hope that you remember it was a sprinkle Islam, which I could find. 199 00:22:44,890 --> 00:22:51,910 So the government of such assistance first president of of years so this information about the quantity 200 00:22:54,130 --> 00:23:01,630 and so they had a vision to integrate models such our nationalism into politics and national ideology. 201 00:23:01,630 --> 00:23:08,150 Well simple things to distancing itself from radical mission and and the part of the strategy at the official 202 00:23:08,160 --> 00:23:14,520 expression implementation of state could and this time really for custom relations with the Gulf state appeared. 203 00:23:14,530 --> 00:23:19,390 I mean you could just from a regional religious celebration celebration from Woomera. 204 00:23:19,690 --> 00:23:26,090 And because of water, just the main priority was about survival, survival, their economic interests. 205 00:23:26,140 --> 00:23:34,090 And they were building really a relation with everyone and not really focusing just on the shared identities or just with the gospel. 206 00:23:34,390 --> 00:23:39,770 Another problem was also was challenged in nineties or we need and challenge for 207 00:23:39,790 --> 00:23:45,340 Southern nationalism as we would see with the state and interesting and stuff. 208 00:23:45,580 --> 00:23:48,670 And most of the funding document from the decision states. 209 00:23:48,820 --> 00:23:54,700 So that was kind of was another concern or full of a submission of that. 210 00:23:55,010 --> 00:23:57,220 And then obviously most other stuff. 211 00:23:57,640 --> 00:24:04,990 However this didn't change with the Putin rise to power and this period in 2000 was characterised by the threat of religious extremist. 212 00:24:05,550 --> 00:24:09,090 From the biggest challenge yet and also which approach. 213 00:24:09,270 --> 00:24:17,400 And in me I argue that it's been just moving from security threat perception to more soft power tools. 214 00:24:18,330 --> 00:24:27,450 And for example, it would seem that the government falls asleep or actually became the observer of the importance of this 215 00:24:27,450 --> 00:24:34,410 situation and also some geopolitical changes like the relations between us and Saudi Arabia after 911. 216 00:24:35,010 --> 00:24:42,290 Also invasion of US led invasion of Iraq, because the Gulf states in general losing role, 217 00:24:42,300 --> 00:24:51,210 and especially after this outcome of the Arab Spring and Russia is also increasing role, especially with its intervention. 218 00:24:51,720 --> 00:24:57,950 Syria also changed this dynamics, making more for a working relationship in Russian, 219 00:24:57,960 --> 00:25:06,120 which is sixties and the that time or other Russian republics with U.S. population also played an important role in that regard. 220 00:25:06,660 --> 00:25:14,729 Although we should mention the number of Russian agents, they can conduct diplomatic relations. 221 00:25:14,730 --> 00:25:21,830 So it could be only part of the relative and only really economic cooperation if we could see that. 222 00:25:22,620 --> 00:25:27,989 So this is in jail, independence, preparation for diplomacy forward. 223 00:25:27,990 --> 00:25:33,330 Look, I'm happy to discuss that in Germany and the decision states. 224 00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:41,220 We could see here that this media wanted a turnover of engagement that with Saudi Arabia and UAE. 225 00:25:41,490 --> 00:25:49,920 And for example, this month from Saudi to Russia in 2019 was $125 million. 226 00:25:50,130 --> 00:25:55,950 And that the Soviet Union goal of all the investment from Saudis and the UN came from Russia. 227 00:25:55,950 --> 00:26:08,820 Although the national investment company Islamic Development Bank, investment from UAE to Russia amounted to $764 million and of US $5 million. 228 00:26:10,260 --> 00:26:16,140 And in month another mechanism which is along with the its own for diplomacy and other mechanism, very important, 229 00:26:16,290 --> 00:26:21,000 it's the role of the book of strategic vision of Russian Islamic world, 230 00:26:21,300 --> 00:26:27,030 which was being established by people and I mean the first result of the custom. 231 00:26:27,150 --> 00:26:37,200 But now it's an intention by current and I use some hard and among interesting initiatives I would say is that the UN summit, 232 00:26:38,460 --> 00:26:46,590 which is the only business platform in the world for economic interaction between the agents of the Russian Federation and I countries. 233 00:26:46,980 --> 00:26:56,200 And this looks like especially just like I said, just to put it, just to give overview, overview of what really, you know, 234 00:26:56,370 --> 00:27:05,230 at the events that took place with I think they also had some if will discuss the role of Muslim banks that often during the day. 235 00:27:06,610 --> 00:27:14,820 But there are other mechanism as well the role of this Islamic opposition in jewellers and educational institutions. 236 00:27:16,440 --> 00:27:19,349 However, also despite all this emerging engagement, 237 00:27:19,350 --> 00:27:27,030 there are some limitations and from my interviews we never stop were just determined by ransoms, by companies. 238 00:27:27,030 --> 00:27:33,380 So we know what allows them to go to the US not only and a few comes after diplomacy, which is political stages. 239 00:27:33,810 --> 00:27:43,830 What are those? If we are also over this year we could see that the decline in the special status of Tatarstan in Moscow and Kazan relations. 240 00:27:44,010 --> 00:27:52,580 But at the same time, Moscow offers more opportunities for Kazan to build close relations with eight countries, including the G20 countries. 241 00:27:52,590 --> 00:27:57,420 So in a way, I consider that is a positive sign for this relations. 242 00:27:57,720 --> 00:28:01,970 And later also from my interviews, the elimination of list. 243 00:28:01,980 --> 00:28:11,770 All of these also quite challenging role to bring more investments in probably Tatarstan and most of the states around. 244 00:28:11,790 --> 00:28:20,760 But we are speaking on Ukraine or they funded especially approved them a Russian investment fund, run them directly into the regions. 245 00:28:23,460 --> 00:28:27,090 I'm getting this week with some of those since 2000, 246 00:28:27,390 --> 00:28:35,879 then that that's one particular company in one of the Gulf States relations that this might can be explained by how 247 00:28:35,880 --> 00:28:45,090 Muslims work on integrating its minority is in its policy acknowledging that the Gulf shared identities with its windows. 248 00:28:45,420 --> 00:28:50,760 At the same time, it also concedes that that's not a Gulf state. So they focus on cooperation for shrimp. 249 00:28:51,210 --> 00:28:57,930 I mean, it's still like simple halal lifestyle, Islamic finance, Islamic banking. 250 00:28:58,410 --> 00:29:02,160 And before moving to the just briefly, 251 00:29:02,790 --> 00:29:11,849 I will discuss also them other rational regions of their relations with the decision states and also the impact of the Iraq war. 252 00:29:11,850 --> 00:29:18,929 But I just want to say that I think that in a way, one book was very important just to show this dynamic. 253 00:29:18,930 --> 00:29:25,080 So this relation with the Gulf states, a warship and a lot of explanation why in a way, 254 00:29:25,470 --> 00:29:34,860 Gulf states are showing this neutral position, the Green war with the U.S. factor or the role of a big plus deal over energy sector. 255 00:29:35,070 --> 00:29:41,220 I think the Muslim Buxton also played quite important role for their decisions. 256 00:29:42,030 --> 00:29:46,200 Now, I was briefly to discuss other republics as well. 257 00:29:46,890 --> 00:29:49,709 Russia has two main Muslim population centres, 258 00:29:49,710 --> 00:29:57,900 the North Caucasus and the central question of all the region and will play a key role in possible efforts with the two states. 259 00:29:58,170 --> 00:30:06,180 And see what I don't understand from the start also has a history of Islam and the here and there. 260 00:30:06,180 --> 00:30:09,300 All of the human factors still plays an important role. 261 00:30:09,510 --> 00:30:15,659 Well, I was very quite surprised when I was in the club and did interview with I European of the 262 00:30:15,660 --> 00:30:20,219 Vice-President of the Union of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Workers. 263 00:30:20,220 --> 00:30:28,379 Thus, he suggested that when some Sweden visited the fire during their recent meeting meeting they particularly 264 00:30:28,380 --> 00:30:37,800 wanted to just to come and see the world famous diplomat to bring that some countries so close to each other. 265 00:30:38,070 --> 00:30:48,150 And actually you will see the GDP of the Senate diplomat for a very keen chair of the Middle East of the of studying repressions. 266 00:30:49,520 --> 00:30:59,580 Unfortunately, I think this was excuse and but after a few months, just Americans found the oil in Saudi Arabia. 267 00:30:59,880 --> 00:31:05,130 And when even saw knew about this, what happened with that? 268 00:31:05,850 --> 00:31:09,780 Thank you. There are this kind of explanations, historical explanations. 269 00:31:10,110 --> 00:31:15,180 But he just said from the relations with the Soviet Union and this frozen relations, 270 00:31:15,480 --> 00:31:22,139 they agreed almost for 60 years, another region in some of Caucasus. 271 00:31:22,140 --> 00:31:27,960 And just briefly, I mean, milestones of the development of the North Caucasus region. 272 00:31:28,260 --> 00:31:34,950 And here we see the important role of Chechnya and its leader to some countries. 273 00:31:35,220 --> 00:31:40,600 So if you identify the defence mechanism just by diplomacy installation, 274 00:31:40,600 --> 00:31:48,420 this is they see here that there is importance because of his links already existed due to his father's efforts, 275 00:31:48,770 --> 00:31:58,830 because this network also has seen this personal networks, Christian leadership because of the nice personages forums and conferences. 276 00:31:58,980 --> 00:32:02,770 One of them they cross in the conference, which I have. 277 00:32:02,790 --> 00:32:13,080 It just doesn't happen as well. And much of my research and let's go back to during the Gulf crisis between 2017 and 2021, 278 00:32:13,260 --> 00:32:21,850 It was really very interesting how Chechnya was developing relations with the United States of the crisis, especially in winter. 279 00:32:21,850 --> 00:32:30,930 I had our rumours and the data is built relation of close relation which comes out and in a way it wasn't very much surprising because 280 00:32:31,110 --> 00:32:38,790 that time Russia's foreign policies in the Middle East was balancing relations with all sides and in Russian Muslim republics. 281 00:32:38,790 --> 00:32:43,889 Also. What were balancing this and this relations during the crisis is one another. 282 00:32:43,890 --> 00:32:55,160 Interesting. Oh, I found that some mechanism of they do stuff with every so they also apply non-official methods and distillation. 283 00:32:55,180 --> 00:33:07,110 So they ask us to find the leads of Wolf mentioning the little complex of their books productions was written by the pre Russian being conquered, 284 00:33:07,380 --> 00:33:15,660 and I managed to do all fieldwork work and or 8000 them is accurate and easy. 285 00:33:16,260 --> 00:33:21,840 They could see here just you can be another nation of fools doesn't can name was just. 286 00:33:22,560 --> 00:33:27,420 Macquarie's stance was neutral, and even in March this year, 287 00:33:27,510 --> 00:33:32,170 we witnessed the announcement of making this commitment to resolve the conflict for the long term. 288 00:33:32,280 --> 00:33:42,959 That means we express support for international square efforts in Ukraine and assess the need to respect and also offer daily wage position 289 00:33:42,960 --> 00:33:52,590 on the Russian Federation has been very perhaps unsurprising considering its own historical experience and name of the recognition in 1990. 290 00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:58,740 Now that it has expressed neutral position in the shadow of the Ukraine conflict that was approved by us 291 00:33:59,010 --> 00:34:05,490 too much as a matter of will need to apply as and as an alternative to Russia as Europe's gas supplier. 292 00:34:05,790 --> 00:34:13,770 In December, the GNA was acknowledges the EU's Europe is second largest supplier of LNG, 293 00:34:14,400 --> 00:34:22,320 but at the same time de-risk the Italian wheat position, saying in a way they were in a very similar situation, 294 00:34:22,830 --> 00:34:33,600 the same picture of the larger neighbours and who also suffered from the aggressive policies of the same countries, therefore enough to shake them. 295 00:34:33,600 --> 00:34:40,080 You mentioned President Putin and one of the explanation was because of the days when didn't get the relation to the Russian club. 296 00:34:40,260 --> 00:34:44,190 So they were trying to quell this issue. 297 00:34:44,670 --> 00:34:50,730 Initially, Armand's position was quite mutual and we all of us expected that. 298 00:34:50,910 --> 00:34:56,340 But then it was quite interesting to absorb the mining policies. It seems like in May, for example, 299 00:34:56,430 --> 00:35:09,600 unexpected visit of severe lack of arguing along and some of us would expect that a month probably will need the mediation of U.S. history. 300 00:35:09,600 --> 00:35:13,650 And then why no one can just really they played important role. 301 00:35:13,980 --> 00:35:22,080 But when I spoke with them, one of the official I want you or why you did, though, you didn't take this opportunity and play this important role. 302 00:35:22,350 --> 00:35:27,970 They said that that probably would look terrible to us, saying strategic. 303 00:35:28,350 --> 00:35:29,909 So that is that's another. 304 00:35:29,910 --> 00:35:39,840 But just like to mention that the money should be because of the appear close to you, I suppose is increased for 30% this year. 305 00:35:40,500 --> 00:35:46,380 Saudi Arabia has attempted to balance its relations but would like the new nationalist foreign policy 306 00:35:46,710 --> 00:35:52,440 will go to creating personal relations with the Saudi and US leadership because they important role here. 307 00:35:53,310 --> 00:35:56,310 I argue that economic factors played more. 308 00:35:56,790 --> 00:36:06,929 I think the crucial role had to take the state and its interest in Saudi Arabia, the mediation role in business, war between Ukraine and Russia, 309 00:36:06,930 --> 00:36:14,160 and even considered joining BRICS, which is one of the most important frameworks which Russia plays a leading role. 310 00:36:14,460 --> 00:36:18,030 As Professor Lumpkin stated in one of the conferences. 311 00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:26,490 It wouldn't be previously even possible to imagine that Saudi Arabia wanting to join Greece, given Russia's key role in the group. 312 00:36:26,730 --> 00:36:30,390 And that is, he said, such a move required firm. 313 00:36:30,960 --> 00:36:37,890 So at the same time, in February of 2023, the first visit of Saudi foreign minister occurred to him, 314 00:36:38,370 --> 00:36:47,879 which was also quite a historical event, and so is also the one $400 million each to UAE. 315 00:36:47,880 --> 00:36:55,860 Also develop a sophisticated hedging policy in the crisis, positively affected trade dynamics between Moscow in Abu Dhabi, Russia, 316 00:36:55,880 --> 00:37:02,790 Search for alternative trading partners to replace its severe case with the West is reflected in bilateral relations with UAE, 317 00:37:03,180 --> 00:37:19,080 which grew by 68% by 2022 and recorded $9 billion of which Russian export made $8.5 billion, which is an increase of 71%. 318 00:37:19,650 --> 00:37:25,710 Russians were the biggest international was the property by the city, which is now nicknamed as the white bread. 319 00:37:26,220 --> 00:37:32,310 While it has also of its position as a financial hub thanks to Russian business as well. 320 00:37:32,670 --> 00:37:39,629 So in quote the safe haven from Western sanctions and another way of of invasion also 321 00:37:39,630 --> 00:37:47,310 happened after mobilisation when Russian starting to come into reviewing as well. 322 00:37:48,030 --> 00:37:59,669 Within the context of these relations, we could see that other insults self remain and some quite positive views. 323 00:37:59,670 --> 00:38:09,270 But at the same time, and especially given this relation will continue in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Kazan. 324 00:38:09,450 --> 00:38:15,659 But at the same time also I look for with a lot of questions about the role of the relation, 325 00:38:15,660 --> 00:38:21,850 natural relation between Moscow and Kazan, where the really Kremlin will continue to be just theme in the meetings. 326 00:38:21,950 --> 00:38:30,529 Minorities into federal policies. This is a very interesting question which doesn't contain cover and confusion 327 00:38:30,530 --> 00:38:35,630 myself from Republicans that are some representative of the Muslim population. 328 00:38:35,990 --> 00:38:40,969 This project has been very personal. Like many other regional populations, without the use of sarin, 329 00:38:40,970 --> 00:38:46,340 one in Russia is difficult for others to be the best separating from national and state context. 330 00:38:46,340 --> 00:38:52,820 And what my research made clear is the importance of not treating nations as homogeneous populations. 331 00:38:53,150 --> 00:38:59,630 Actually, there are a variety of, especially in the Russian multi-ethnic state, as a key facet of political activity. 332 00:39:00,210 --> 00:39:05,590 The culture has its own history and identity that can be easily obscured, 333 00:39:05,600 --> 00:39:10,610 and this book seeks to divert that portion of attention from the global scale towards 334 00:39:10,610 --> 00:39:16,009 the regional and the events that Muslim fathers have been able to create in this case. 335 00:39:16,010 --> 00:39:23,300 In terms of relations with the Gulf States. Above all, it's worth remembering the importance of personal connections to individual actions 336 00:39:23,570 --> 00:39:27,560 and words of shared culture in the development of international relations, 337 00:39:28,010 --> 00:39:33,830 in conducting wide field wars, inquiries, Russians, religious and Muslim, Russians, 338 00:39:34,440 --> 00:39:39,290 Romanian walks of life, ethnic diplomats, religious scholars and politicians, 339 00:39:39,470 --> 00:39:44,300 those in the Balkan business and political process and this have been contributed greatly 340 00:39:44,540 --> 00:39:49,040 to establish this close relations became the Soviet ones and Russia and the Gulf States. 341 00:39:49,550 --> 00:39:55,130 My book is an effort to highlight the important work done by this Muslim population. 342 00:39:55,610 --> 00:40:01,520 They provide an example to the international community of the important role of Muslim minorities in Russia. 343 00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:06,500 Even these their actions can be hard to perceive without knowledge of the context. 344 00:40:06,980 --> 00:40:13,640 Finally, I have a personal hope that the book will prompt further interest in the culture and history of Russian Muslims. 345 00:40:13,910 --> 00:40:21,290 Wolf, as a major source of foreign policy during difficult times and this unique and social adjustment that. 346 00:40:29,290 --> 00:40:32,740 So thank you so much. That was fascinating. 347 00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:41,200 And I would say to me, this touches upon many different areas of research and people here in our census, myself, 348 00:40:41,200 --> 00:40:48,820 I can see here is this will be the next part of understanding Russia, develop relations with the Middle East more generally, 349 00:40:49,630 --> 00:40:57,910 which is the kind of landscape that if we move back to some discussing comments from Dr. regarding 350 00:40:57,910 --> 00:41:04,570 the activity of has the parts that Russia has been studying schools for very many years, 351 00:41:04,900 --> 00:41:15,850 I've seen research problems and in that I'll very quickly I think re-establish itself as a as an eminent permanent scholar of Islam in Russia, 352 00:41:16,390 --> 00:41:23,350 but also more broadly in the post-Soviet and the post-Soviet region through field work in separation. 353 00:41:23,350 --> 00:41:33,970 And of course, well, this was expressed in a number of books, Russian Islam, is that a substantial study have been released to others. 354 00:41:34,180 --> 00:41:41,500 You would like to know the list is long and extraordinary output, really. 355 00:41:42,010 --> 00:41:47,710 So through that time that I was Christian burning myself and later I followed this with astonishment. 356 00:41:48,280 --> 00:41:52,360 We drew a calendar and a little bit into some of the work and Chatham House as well that time. 357 00:41:52,570 --> 00:42:00,600 And she is someone who really has a depth and breadth based on fieldwork in the same way as Diana. 358 00:42:00,640 --> 00:42:07,090 And that's that's something that we must treasure because it's going to be very difficult for 359 00:42:07,090 --> 00:42:14,050 Western scholars to do anything of that kind in Russia because there will be a central database, 360 00:42:16,030 --> 00:42:20,290 but it is more available for scholarly outreach. 361 00:42:20,920 --> 00:42:28,150 So would you would you like to you can you can talk for well, maybe half within like as well. 362 00:42:28,690 --> 00:42:31,179 Thank you. Live action. 363 00:42:31,180 --> 00:42:42,570 Nice to see you as well because we used to get a little little bit ago is in another life if I'm so happy to be here and this beautiful said. 364 00:42:42,670 --> 00:42:48,070 It's just been classy and interesting I think with each minute that's what sisters that our kids. 365 00:42:49,420 --> 00:42:52,090 I mutilations is one. 366 00:42:52,560 --> 00:43:04,400 And I am also particularly happy to be here in connection with this book and I hope that I'm going to lead the honour on the ideals as well. 367 00:43:05,120 --> 00:43:16,520 In the whole, importantly of all its publication, especially in the current highly ideologists, political and media and other native plants. 368 00:43:17,030 --> 00:43:20,900 And to my view, this book is an example of a solution. 369 00:43:21,110 --> 00:43:24,190 At its best, it deals with the complex, 370 00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:30,290 historical and contemporary political and religious developments in the Georgia by using an 371 00:43:30,290 --> 00:43:36,269 inductive method and by drawing on others primary and secondary sources in different positions. 372 00:43:36,270 --> 00:43:44,810 Then the third Turkish out of Russia that made this, including the journals that humans intend to use in the best interest of them, 373 00:43:45,110 --> 00:43:51,200 and that was done as well in the Gulf is therefore alien to my view, 374 00:43:51,200 --> 00:43:59,750 presents a refreshing counterbalance to the policy and the debate of the dominance of deductive methods and what it is. 375 00:44:00,060 --> 00:44:10,820 It's prompted by the importance of the situation in the Ukraine as the book's uniqueness lies in its also thus the obligation, 376 00:44:11,000 --> 00:44:19,729 again, as far as I know, a little of all them, and thus the nation's most activist approach to the study was. 377 00:44:19,730 --> 00:44:24,620 And all of that was done in the Russia relations with the Gulf of Initiative of the States, 378 00:44:24,830 --> 00:44:31,790 as you can use to explain from after the evolution of this entire book. 379 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:41,329 This makes a notable charitable contribution as well as in course, in all knowledge of Soviet, Russian and the post-Soviet Russian policy, 380 00:44:41,330 --> 00:44:49,990 as in this particularly the role that it was done as long as the Russian or Soviet post-Soviet politics of. 381 00:44:50,620 --> 00:44:59,200 In particular, it's done and done is done as well as a little of identity politics in the world, in international politics. 382 00:45:00,160 --> 00:45:09,940 Then this choice of the best relations with the both states on the books that he started, I think is well argued and justified because, 383 00:45:09,940 --> 00:45:17,660 as you showed, your presentations and others historically have played a central role in the development of a Russian state. 384 00:45:18,080 --> 00:45:24,250 The state put Russian society and Russian culture, as well as the Soviet Russian relationship with the Gulf states. 385 00:45:24,430 --> 00:45:26,640 But he means allegedly understandable. 386 00:45:27,400 --> 00:45:34,180 This is something that, for example, to the Soviet Union and Russia, relations with Egypt, Syria or Iraqi Algeria. 387 00:45:34,180 --> 00:45:38,370 And given this in the past, the boundaries of the Russian. 388 00:45:38,800 --> 00:45:44,170 So the Soviet the Soviet look is maybe the vocal employers, 389 00:45:44,170 --> 00:45:50,770 also the productive concept of shared identities as opposed to the in the relationship of the Soviet Union. 390 00:45:51,090 --> 00:45:55,390 Russia being a multi-ethnic, multi confessional state. 391 00:45:55,850 --> 00:46:06,900 It was both of Muslim states. And also, to its credit, that it was the honest living arrangement of before it was in production. 392 00:46:06,910 --> 00:46:18,940 She she managed to check the structure of the Soviet related to the events of the Soviet intervention tended to and then she argues, 393 00:46:19,240 --> 00:46:27,820 I think were justifiably in favour of growing of identity politics in both the relations between Russia and the West, 394 00:46:28,690 --> 00:46:33,969 between Russia and the Muslim world. So congratulations. 395 00:46:33,970 --> 00:46:38,780 It's been a great welcome and a Zionist. 396 00:46:39,870 --> 00:46:49,210 So provoking book also raises some important theoretical, epistemological and contextual questions. 397 00:46:49,840 --> 00:46:54,159 Again, it's it's much like this goes on it. A lot of it is. 398 00:46:54,160 --> 00:46:57,160 For example, they discover that in chapter seven, 399 00:46:57,910 --> 00:47:06,850 the letter asks a question about a school and a possible is to use a particular international relations theoretical 400 00:47:07,510 --> 00:47:14,680 framework such as did he ideas on this modification of liberal to pontification of constructivist approach. 401 00:47:14,890 --> 00:47:22,800 Is that one just all of the ongoing unravelling of the unipolar centred international system through Berkowitz's alphabet? 402 00:47:22,990 --> 00:47:29,620 This is a merger of power and identity politics and in the background of the decline of liberalism motivated. 403 00:47:31,280 --> 00:47:35,540 Just things to to discuss as I was discussing. 404 00:47:35,990 --> 00:47:42,319 The other issue is there's a correlation between the Shiite Muslim identities of that 405 00:47:42,320 --> 00:47:49,640 that's done as well as this doesn't stop and Chechnya and the Gulf states and in fact, 406 00:47:49,690 --> 00:48:01,460 the identities of different Muslims is definitely different in different languages, Shia identity, both Muslim and ethnic. 407 00:48:02,030 --> 00:48:11,240 But what's this turkey here? Well, of course, if you're Muslim and you come in with the affinity, on the other hand. 408 00:48:11,510 --> 00:48:17,840 So would you share the identities of those in the event of the much larger that community in more than Turkey, 409 00:48:18,050 --> 00:48:21,709 than in the Gulf, as an all of that, such as, 410 00:48:21,710 --> 00:48:22,200 for example, 411 00:48:22,200 --> 00:48:34,279 the use of tuna and others to further that intellectuals in the formulation of the Turkish national ideology in order to encompass the Turkey as well. 412 00:48:34,280 --> 00:48:36,410 The significant Turkish economic, cultural, 413 00:48:36,530 --> 00:48:47,089 religious and religious presence of the US in the past about including widely on that and yet the conflict of the some people in the. 414 00:48:47,090 --> 00:48:50,090 So I want us to talk on the phone no more. 415 00:48:50,420 --> 00:48:56,630 How does it the outstanding political intellectual establishment position itself in relation 416 00:48:57,590 --> 00:49:04,420 to Turkey and particularly to the Ankara spearheaded a museum or the Turkish states. 417 00:49:04,670 --> 00:49:07,850 This is given to the security, for example. 418 00:49:08,630 --> 00:49:15,770 And so that it may be just question. I know it's not from if they provide for this, but it's interesting for you. 419 00:49:16,130 --> 00:49:19,150 So is this is that that's w Islam? 420 00:49:19,260 --> 00:49:25,100 Yes. Because then it's linked with Judaism as formulated by Aerofoil for Cuba, 421 00:49:25,820 --> 00:49:34,520 which was one of the causes of interviewees, and show his theories that developed and said, oh, 422 00:49:34,520 --> 00:49:41,900 even in a position to oppose Europe's your Islam, as advocated by myself to be a modern as it was, 423 00:49:42,260 --> 00:49:49,020 or European Islam as defined by just an insensitive five year all and the. 424 00:49:50,510 --> 00:49:59,299 So when I interviewed and I don't thank you live in my life in 1997 and he was the opposite of the 425 00:49:59,300 --> 00:50:05,930 other ones that the future of the left the allies in Europe after the war the most popular he said, 426 00:50:05,960 --> 00:50:13,200 will always be moving like Scotland from Moscow, from political and cultural influence activities. 427 00:50:13,470 --> 00:50:20,660 This is out to all your Islam is basically move that Yugoslavian loving European Muslims, 428 00:50:20,900 --> 00:50:32,720 but it's called all of us indicative of our heritage in historical from last century of using it in all those who preach our identity with Europe. 429 00:50:32,730 --> 00:50:41,530 So I just wonder what's the what's now happened to Europe Islam and especially given what's the current situation in the 430 00:50:41,540 --> 00:50:51,110 West to get all of the [INAUDIBLE] on the continent said he would put himself to fear and he also part of other Sunni, 431 00:50:51,240 --> 00:50:57,940 not just so he just avoids the Turkish next vulnerable to the deceitful conduct. 432 00:50:57,950 --> 00:51:01,780 But he acknowledged that Mahmoud Them was not a group. 433 00:51:02,510 --> 00:51:10,190 So he is the father. What is my love? Jihad. So I just one day just to get more about this. 434 00:51:10,730 --> 00:51:14,540 Yeah, it's a big business. That's the motivation for us to. 435 00:51:21,800 --> 00:51:30,140 Thank you very much. Diana, you could address a few of the comments from very briefly some of the important great points. 436 00:51:30,140 --> 00:51:33,000 Thank you so much about that. 437 00:51:33,140 --> 00:51:41,890 This first question about whether we turning towards the role of identity in unipolar or multipolar, whatever, we are heading down the world. 438 00:51:42,530 --> 00:51:49,040 So I think that it's very interesting, especially in the relations now between Russia and Iran, how they're being developed. 439 00:51:49,430 --> 00:51:52,430 First of all, on the global scale, we could see here, 440 00:51:52,430 --> 00:52:04,400 I think this the idea of anti Western junta in terms of its elite level understanding of that Putin has good relations with the Supreme leader, 441 00:52:04,640 --> 00:52:11,060 Khamenei. And then you see also who was who was before the Ukraine crisis in Moscow. 442 00:52:11,060 --> 00:52:18,530 Also, he was just defending and controlling the same narratives which Moscow was discussing about the Western position in general, 443 00:52:18,530 --> 00:52:26,540 the role of the West in the world, and the kind of with the aim to do to change that realities of this world, 444 00:52:26,540 --> 00:52:31,070 to fulfil all the role towards the multi polar world. 445 00:52:31,250 --> 00:52:38,630 And here we see these policies overdid the legislation, for example. 446 00:52:38,840 --> 00:52:43,100 But considering that the importance of the the donor, but at the same time, 447 00:52:43,100 --> 00:52:48,469 because of the sanctions, Russia and China especially, they were working very hard, 448 00:52:48,470 --> 00:52:57,020 especially since 2008 with the global crisis and then when an additional credit coming in 2014 and then now they they 449 00:52:57,020 --> 00:53:05,599 started to even more push and bring other countries as well to this agenda policy then because of the sanctions, 450 00:53:05,600 --> 00:53:14,060 again, the idea of having the financial system united on the financial system with Iran and Russia. 451 00:53:14,270 --> 00:53:21,950 Yeah, I mean, they're also very working very hard to avoid this kind of economic interdependence from the West, 452 00:53:22,130 --> 00:53:33,020 and they are working on that direction of I've been thinking this year how we can in general explain what Russia or Iran or China, 453 00:53:33,020 --> 00:53:38,720 what's the world or that they view. And I just found the easy answer. 454 00:53:38,870 --> 00:53:47,149 Just consider me the main elements of the liberalism, the economic independence. 455 00:53:47,150 --> 00:53:52,459 They're just trying to do just a challenge. And it comes to the BRICS as well of the multi. 456 00:53:52,460 --> 00:53:55,850 This is the role of the for example, NITO or EU. 457 00:53:55,850 --> 00:54:05,750 They try to bring another strong organisations over the BRICS or SHARDING urbanisation just to balance this important institutions. 458 00:54:05,930 --> 00:54:12,770 The same. They do that with economic independence, with dollar and with the liberal values. 459 00:54:13,310 --> 00:54:24,560 The differently they can do it with authority more a way of oh, being authority, fighting, spreading this in jail. 460 00:54:24,560 --> 00:54:30,469 So if you speak about this identity at all in the global scale, those would be the main factor. 461 00:54:30,470 --> 00:54:33,410 What unites them, I would argue on the Shia. 462 00:54:33,410 --> 00:54:42,080 It's also very interesting because the regional dynamics and this the identities speak, they also very interesting play to do this. 463 00:54:42,350 --> 00:54:53,120 And here I think the the best example of the Pakistan and their relations with Iran because are really in the the biggest majority of Shia. 464 00:54:53,360 --> 00:55:02,629 And I was quite surprised when I was actually in the Kingston and I saw this the aim in the band, 465 00:55:02,630 --> 00:55:12,290 which is the call for the support of Allah, so called their vision on that. 466 00:55:12,290 --> 00:55:20,300 And also another example, I was in Moscow in December in the International Muslim Forum, 467 00:55:21,290 --> 00:55:28,699 and there were a lot of representatives from the Islamic world in the forum from Iran, definitely from Afghanistan, 468 00:55:28,700 --> 00:55:33,469 from Palestine, and this rhetorical, anti anti-Western, 469 00:55:33,470 --> 00:55:41,450 rhetorical that we need another quote which can be as an alternative Russia power and the Muslim world support because of the US, 470 00:55:41,500 --> 00:55:44,870 the wars in Afghanistan or Iraq. 471 00:55:45,320 --> 00:55:54,680 So and they kind of argue that we need another alternative and that the end of Russia can be this alternative, which is quite interesting. 472 00:55:54,680 --> 00:56:00,259 And the most interesting was for me when in Friday's this prayer and this forum, 473 00:56:00,260 --> 00:56:09,080 Iranians started to discuss how the West interfered with the domestic policies, with the protest in Iran. 474 00:56:09,320 --> 00:56:16,730 That was something I didn't expect that to be honest with what would happen in the mosque in Moscow. 475 00:56:17,300 --> 00:56:18,740 But. This is happening. 476 00:56:18,950 --> 00:56:27,860 And I think that shows they are all in the way identities and religious fact and how they play also smoothly in international relations. 477 00:56:28,160 --> 00:56:35,750 If you ask me whether Iran really support the Shia only population deal with the Russian republic based on the Shia, 478 00:56:35,870 --> 00:56:43,069 we have this kind of I don't know, they deal with that often as well were of a Sunni population. 479 00:56:43,070 --> 00:56:50,760 And they just share this kind of the the pragmatic policies, the policies in terms of the economic interests of, 480 00:56:50,870 --> 00:56:56,040 for example, to or now especially overcome the Western sanctions the same time. 481 00:56:56,040 --> 00:57:07,550 And there were even also report that they will be open the the the the factory of drones building drones, which is quite interesting as well. 482 00:57:07,880 --> 00:57:21,080 I mean, within the current context of the latest with Colin, this comment about relations with Turkey, Turkey is also one of the key leading partners, 483 00:57:21,080 --> 00:57:32,400 economic partners, culturally important actors, and that was in the delegation with the the rise of Kurdistan. 484 00:57:32,420 --> 00:57:37,910 The data comes in to Turkey and it was really quite interesting how they just speak. 485 00:57:38,270 --> 00:57:46,150 Our delegation to Qatar and Turkey speak doesn't impact collective and then things are there and you have this the in diplomacy, 486 00:57:46,160 --> 00:57:53,720 this fitting of the culture of identities, they play a very important role and I think Tatarstan in the workplace also very good on that card. 487 00:57:54,020 --> 00:58:05,300 But also I want to mention the fact when this situation occurred between Russian jets and Turkey shooting down. 488 00:58:05,540 --> 00:58:09,740 Yes. That the thought of some leader, 489 00:58:10,280 --> 00:58:15,079 he played a very important role in getting this relations because for Tatarstan 490 00:58:15,080 --> 00:58:21,860 it was quite like around 60 or 65% of Muslims are coming from from Turkey. 491 00:58:22,040 --> 00:58:24,380 So it was a quiet moment for them. 492 00:58:24,890 --> 00:58:33,230 But also while being in the Republic, I started to see that a lot of Arabs or representatives from the States started to come to Tatarstan. 493 00:58:33,470 --> 00:58:40,010 I think it was eye opening for Tatarstan so that we have to diversify our relations with all Muslim countries, 494 00:58:40,010 --> 00:58:45,139 not just rely on Turkey because we don't know what would happen tomorrow and then in Russia. 495 00:58:45,140 --> 00:58:51,080 So I remember they come just came to the special economic zone just then we just buy all of this special economic zone. 496 00:58:51,680 --> 00:58:58,669 It was only question what was what They didn't they didn't really invest a lot on that regard. 497 00:58:58,670 --> 00:59:05,250 But it was interesting to see about the commission, the Gulen. 498 00:59:05,270 --> 00:59:12,290 It's another amazing, interesting question because I interviewed him and he's a multi of Tatarstan 499 00:59:12,560 --> 00:59:17,959 and I ask a question about the differences of Mock-ups and he thought of that. 500 00:59:17,960 --> 00:59:25,760 It's more can also pragmatic in the way of relations even with in Turkey we're a share one one 501 00:59:26,090 --> 00:59:31,819 but at the same time politically we have different propaganda with different media channels, 502 00:59:31,820 --> 00:59:36,559 we have different groups. So we are part of the Russian Federation. 503 00:59:36,560 --> 00:59:42,020 So we look ways also we behave based on the kind of Russian federal interests. 504 00:59:42,020 --> 00:59:50,630 And the our position is more pragmatic, although we we religiously he is following Turkish colleagues. 505 00:59:50,870 --> 00:59:54,730 But politically, I think this is more pragmatic view. 506 00:59:54,920 --> 01:00:04,760 And it's not just the muftis and women's view of role, my interactions with other peace and presidents, 507 01:00:05,450 --> 01:00:11,150 I also see that they just follow kind of this line policies. 508 01:00:14,120 --> 01:00:24,049 On the Turkic nations. I mean, I think that it's this idea that they were very popular, especially during that time, 509 01:00:24,050 --> 01:00:33,260 and that there's some pay the price for that because the Kremlin considered this possibility to fall at that time, especially during the time. 510 01:00:33,530 --> 01:00:37,559 And I think since then we see a lot of these ideas. 511 01:00:37,560 --> 01:00:46,500 So that sort of can be part of this. Also, I think they just thought they would be dealing with that more in pragmatic terms when it's convenient. 512 01:00:46,680 --> 01:00:51,500 That part of kind of this Turkic nation, they develop this relations. 513 01:00:51,740 --> 01:01:04,730 But in reality, like, I don't see it's kind of effective for equal example to for the federation for example, is never accurate. 514 01:01:05,000 --> 01:01:11,450 But with the now with Azerbaijan, it's interesting what's happening in the what's happening in the Middle East, 515 01:01:11,720 --> 01:01:16,040 the relation between the state relations between Iran and Azerbaijan. 516 01:01:16,340 --> 01:01:22,550 And I think that in this regard, maybe we can discuss in the future questions or I can address that as well. 517 01:01:22,670 --> 01:01:29,470 What's there will be the role of Russia in this regard and how it would affect also the Russian role in the Middle East. 518 01:01:29,480 --> 01:01:33,110 I think that's a very interesting and also dynamic side of what's happening. 519 01:01:35,480 --> 01:01:39,290 And the point about the Russian outside Russian Federation. 520 01:01:39,930 --> 01:01:52,730 So so because of course it puts out that so these regions which Russia uses within its zone of influence but are in a grey area. 521 01:01:53,660 --> 01:01:58,910 So we should understand that the eastern part of the Russian Federation, 522 01:01:58,910 --> 01:02:06,110 so they follow the Russian Federation's policies and they build relations or that they like, 523 01:02:06,110 --> 01:02:16,060 for example, during the Crimea in 2014 lost a lot of representative who were from Tatarstan who were trying to build links with Tartus. 524 01:02:16,310 --> 01:02:21,440 Although I think Kazan thought of some Crimean Tatars, they really did it. 525 01:02:21,760 --> 01:02:26,440 Everyone consider them ancestors because they don't have like a lot of faith. 526 01:02:26,450 --> 01:02:32,810 I don't know what they mean. They totally Turkic means that historically more closer to Ottomans. 527 01:02:33,050 --> 01:02:43,310 So now and I think in this regard, maybe this way is based on relations as well, because the mentality of the different nationalities. 528 01:02:43,910 --> 01:02:54,350 But I just following the distance of the the race, this is especially after the Ukraine. 529 01:02:54,830 --> 01:03:02,220 I mean, you've been travelling a lot to speak Islam or how old is post-Soviet Belarus? 530 01:03:02,480 --> 01:03:12,320 He was in the United Arab Emirates and Turkey again, which again, I think explains after the just in March of last year, he was in Iran, 531 01:03:12,890 --> 01:03:23,600 which also I think shows some dynamics towards its foreign diplomatic priorities, where they should with whom they should deal with you. 532 01:03:23,780 --> 01:03:29,230 And now the role of the especially the role of the group of strategic vision, 533 01:03:29,240 --> 01:03:37,310 Russia Muslim world where the Tatarstan is chair of lease important board for building relations with Islamic world. 534 01:03:37,490 --> 01:03:47,120 But I want to argue that perhaps here the role of Tatars will be that are some jail will be declining as well, 535 01:03:47,360 --> 01:03:58,849 because now will we see more examples how the federal government played a more in a far more active understanding? 536 01:03:58,850 --> 01:04:09,950 How is Muslim? What is important? For example, just the Discover Summit, which I mentioned, it was under the Tatarstan kind of umbrella, 537 01:04:10,130 --> 01:04:17,000 but now it would be under federal government umbrella and the vice president was not. 538 01:04:17,000 --> 01:04:23,700 It was also thought that he was minister previously, but he will end up paying more attention. 539 01:04:23,730 --> 01:04:31,040 When I was Moscow as well, I started to see that the role of Moscow especially started to play theatres, but from Moscow, 540 01:04:31,160 --> 01:04:38,180 from federal centre, started to play more important role to build this connection with the Islamic world and with the Gulf States. 541 01:04:39,620 --> 01:04:49,129 Yes, I wanted to ask about that myself because we touched on was different to other republics in that you have this direct injection, 542 01:04:49,130 --> 01:04:52,850 you have a much more strong presidential position. 543 01:04:52,850 --> 01:04:56,239 The president was was was more prominent. 544 01:04:56,240 --> 01:05:09,290 And, you know, there was a period in the early 1990s when there was even a little sort of some shades of effort towards seeking a bit more autonomy. 545 01:05:09,290 --> 01:05:13,730 The idea of the people's militia, which was then stopped because of what happened in Chechnya. 546 01:05:15,680 --> 01:05:24,320 But this is this has changed. I mean, recently the the direct control presidential control through. 547 01:05:26,980 --> 01:05:32,960 His appointment to the president. This is a shift of shifted to balance perception. 548 01:05:33,820 --> 01:05:38,490 I mean, maybe there were a few little straws in the wind of the good times of Turkey when 549 01:05:38,840 --> 01:05:44,180 when Turkey went and shot down the Russian jet and the sanctions were imposed. 550 01:05:45,120 --> 01:05:55,240 That's how I remember Tatarstan. Said that he would continue its trade in the same way as Kazakhstan did as well, which is also urged to. 551 01:05:56,380 --> 01:06:02,980 Respect the sanctions through the Eurasian Economic Union because it is so important to do it, 552 01:06:02,980 --> 01:06:07,490 which might have been a little bit of the Kremlin this time. 553 01:06:07,490 --> 01:06:10,950 We need to ensure that this is effectively controlled. 554 01:06:10,960 --> 01:06:20,770 So the story is one where the tougher stance is proved to be more underneath the effective controls to have a function, 555 01:06:20,770 --> 01:06:23,590 but it's more tightly regulated. Would that be fair to say? 556 01:06:24,100 --> 01:06:31,810 I would expect that to be the case moving forward in all these development tools, all these relationship that you've discussed. 557 01:06:33,520 --> 01:06:40,089 Thank you so much. This is a very important question as well to understand in general the status of Tatarstan, 558 01:06:40,090 --> 01:06:52,750 especially because definitely after the collapse of the USSR, there was a referendum which really said that we we want independence. 559 01:06:53,020 --> 01:07:05,950 And that's why that time Moscow and Kazan signed an agreement to keep it within the Russian Federation, and that was they were giving more, 560 01:07:07,720 --> 01:07:15,970 let's put, than the way economic power at the time and politically, although they became part of the Russian Federation. 561 01:07:16,330 --> 01:07:24,069 But the dynamics started to change and with the prolonged the agreement and in 2007, again, 562 01:07:24,070 --> 01:07:31,240 this the question about what we will do with that agreement and federalism didn't accept that. 563 01:07:31,250 --> 01:07:38,200 So to further and also the question was another over the status of principle, 564 01:07:38,470 --> 01:07:44,830 because before Tatarstan president was the only one who was a president of son republic. 565 01:07:45,100 --> 01:07:48,700 And then there were also discussions how you will know the name. 566 01:07:48,700 --> 01:07:53,440 But then the discussion was like, we need only one president, which is the president of Russian Federation. 567 01:07:54,130 --> 01:07:58,270 Our president was and the other some general was quite unhappy with that. 568 01:07:58,450 --> 01:08:03,820 And then they came with this idea of race, which is basically also, again, 569 01:08:03,910 --> 01:08:10,030 shows some connections with the Muslim world, just to call it not hard, but different. 570 01:08:10,060 --> 01:08:17,230 Yes, But at the same time, what I'm trying to argue in my view with this whole erosion of the kind of for the the the republic, 571 01:08:18,010 --> 01:08:23,170 they started to give them more of the opportunities to build relations with the Muslim world. 572 01:08:23,650 --> 01:08:31,450 Now, situation are changing because before the Ukraine it was the law was signed the 573 01:08:31,670 --> 01:08:38,710 course of law and the public power and that basically all regional ministers, 574 01:08:39,130 --> 01:08:50,140 they will be appointed by the federal government. So more with the power shifts towards the Moscow and towards the to the federal centre. 575 01:08:51,220 --> 01:08:55,330 Yes. So the power of diplomacy is not going to move towards diplomacy. 576 01:08:55,660 --> 01:08:59,200 It's actually the issue with the Tatarstan. 577 01:08:59,200 --> 01:09:04,030 It's in the middle of the Russian Federation. It doesn't have a choice as you. 578 01:09:06,420 --> 01:09:12,840 Diana captured a very, very fascinating exploration of this novel topic for myself, and I suppose most of us. 579 01:09:13,350 --> 01:09:17,230 The book is out and available. 580 01:09:17,250 --> 01:09:22,530 It's at the reduced price. You can see from the flyer. Yes. 581 01:09:22,540 --> 01:09:26,610 And I would say to it, yes, Yes. If I may, I just would like in conclusion, 582 01:09:26,790 --> 01:09:32,820 I think because it's a very timely topic and we didn't really discuss what's the outlook of Russia's course in the Middle East. 583 01:09:33,060 --> 01:09:40,890 Perhaps it's just to offer some scenarios, what we could see of the Russian position in general, if you're interested. 584 01:09:41,590 --> 01:09:47,130 Yes, yes, yes. I think there are a lot of difference from the outcomes of the Ukraine war. 585 01:09:47,220 --> 01:09:54,120 But at the same time, in the short run, a lot of discussions are occurring that Russia is still in the Middle East. 586 01:09:54,120 --> 01:10:03,480 And with the normalisation of Assad, for example, and accepting it with within the Arab League and the role of Russia in Syria, it will continue. 587 01:10:03,780 --> 01:10:07,320 At the same time on Jordan, for example, or Iraq. 588 01:10:07,500 --> 01:10:18,390 It's very important, like Russia and all of its to use this space to Iraq just to to to have a link to Syria, 589 01:10:18,600 --> 01:10:21,790 which again shows the importance of this place. 590 01:10:22,710 --> 01:10:29,820 You states, as already mentioned, the key defence and the big players allies for for Russia, 591 01:10:30,600 --> 01:10:37,040 Algeria, Morocco also play a very important role for energy security in Turkey. 592 01:10:37,050 --> 01:10:42,570 We have to see the outcome of the elections, what it will be. 593 01:10:42,570 --> 01:10:51,210 But in general the main kind of prevailing idea that the opposition views, it's not very different from the government. 594 01:10:51,360 --> 01:10:56,040 So I expect that it would at least relations would continue with Turkey as well. 595 01:10:56,280 --> 01:11:00,900 So in general, in Yemen, just quite also interesting observation. 596 01:11:01,350 --> 01:11:09,300 When do you think the war started? Two countries or two players, they accepted the danger since the last referendums. 597 01:11:09,810 --> 01:11:18,030 First was Syria and other causes. So it's quite interesting as well how the Yemen here was involved and showed the position. 598 01:11:18,510 --> 01:11:23,130 So in short, I suppose that we see Russia there, 599 01:11:23,340 --> 01:11:33,000 but in the neutron also we just use about the China order to build a base in UAE or it's 600 01:11:33,330 --> 01:11:38,820 Chinese diplomacy and building of diplomatic relations for the Saudis and Iranians. 601 01:11:39,120 --> 01:11:44,370 So I think that the growing role of China is also that Russia will stay there. 602 01:11:44,370 --> 01:11:49,290 But from my understanding, one of the players, it's a we don't need to consider, 603 01:11:49,290 --> 01:11:57,450 it's one kind of alternative to us or Europeans who have their own, I think questions about just we. 604 01:11:57,690 --> 01:12:02,140 And now the question will be and in discussions where we should bring with 605 01:12:02,160 --> 01:12:06,060 example Turkey to the discussion or just to see because of this normalisation. 606 01:12:06,390 --> 01:12:09,900 So everyone has their own issues. 607 01:12:09,990 --> 01:12:17,730 Russia also with Ukraine, I think this is a which is the main driver of its foreign policies, especially in the Middle East as well. 608 01:12:18,690 --> 01:12:27,600 So we need to see. But it's definitely exciting times to see Russia's policies towards that. 609 01:12:28,140 --> 01:12:36,210 And I would like to thank you so much for having time to come today and to discover more about this very timely of relations. 610 01:12:36,690 --> 01:12:37,430 Thank you so much.