1
00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:06,180
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Uh, I'm very glad to be here today with you all.

2
00:00:07,020 --> 00:00:14,069
Um, as Sudanese, um, it's. I know that is quite easy to speak about.

3
00:00:14,070 --> 00:00:16,530
Peace comparing to actually making peace.

4
00:00:17,400 --> 00:00:24,810
But, um, one of the main reasons why I accepted to coming to the conference is the title which says New actors.

5
00:00:25,410 --> 00:00:38,190
And I always think that the title should include, um, new actors, um, uh, conflict prevention, um, peacekeeping and peacemaking of peacekeeping.

6
00:00:38,820 --> 00:00:46,040
Uh, at schools, we all learned that, um, very early that prevention is better than cure.

7
00:00:46,050 --> 00:00:56,100
Yet, um, all of our processes, uh, is more of the post-conflict or peacebuilding rather than the conflict prevention.

8
00:00:57,060 --> 00:01:04,230
Um, my background, uh, in climate change, uh, had taught me that in various ways building the resilience of the communities,

9
00:01:04,710 --> 00:01:08,430
reducing the tension coming from the scarcity of the resources,

10
00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:22,320
um, reducing the competition on main things like water, like land, like food, um, is one way to actually very much reduce the possibility of conflict.

11
00:01:23,850 --> 00:01:31,740
Um, in Sudan, conflict kind of care for many, many, many reasons.

12
00:01:32,340 --> 00:01:36,600
It could be climate change in one area. It could be bad governance in another area.

13
00:01:37,050 --> 00:01:46,920
But the most important is the process, uh, to stop that conflict and to actually build the peace is rather always,

14
00:01:47,310 --> 00:01:52,290
uh, missing a lot of components, specifically, um, the local participation component.

15
00:01:53,400 --> 00:02:04,620
Today, I didn't prepare, um, um, a presentation because I believe that each day, in each moment is a learning, um, moment.

16
00:02:05,160 --> 00:02:16,230
And I prefer to, um, give you the most updated learning process, uh, of, uh, of the journey rather than a prepare a prepared thing.

17
00:02:18,120 --> 00:02:24,660
Um. It is.

18
00:02:24,670 --> 00:02:31,209
It is very important to acknowledge that in Sudan as we speak, uh,

19
00:02:31,210 --> 00:02:40,270
peace is is something that we hope for, but unfortunately it doesn't have many supporters as we speak.

20
00:02:41,170 --> 00:02:46,600
A lot of people thinks that war is the only way to get rid of the Irish.

21
00:02:46,690 --> 00:02:51,220
Have, for example. And other people think that the war happened anyway.

22
00:02:51,460 --> 00:03:02,440
So let's see until the end. Who's going to win? Selling peace have never been, uh, this hard for the Sudanese people once who were peaceful by nature.

23
00:03:02,950 --> 00:03:10,060
But the new obstacles and the new, uh, polarisation made it even worse.

24
00:03:12,630 --> 00:03:19,920
As people, we find ourselves, uh, faced by many obstacles, continuing our lives elsewhere,

25
00:03:20,250 --> 00:03:27,840
um, caring for our hopes and dreams for the country that we are losing, um, right now.

26
00:03:29,550 --> 00:03:33,240
It's a it is a very, um, hard decision to be taken.

27
00:03:33,420 --> 00:03:41,790
And, um, all of us in the room should at least push somehow in order to, uh,

28
00:03:41,790 --> 00:03:47,820
be able to make the international peace process hold on, at least in one country.

29
00:03:49,970 --> 00:03:59,750
The Security Council going back to climate change. The Security Council had um, 16 hearing sessions about climate change security.

30
00:04:00,760 --> 00:04:07,450
Want. Um, one can very much, uh, connected to the war and the conflict in Darfur.

31
00:04:08,350 --> 00:04:12,490
How environment was the core root cause for the conflict,

32
00:04:12,850 --> 00:04:22,330
but then the mismanagement and the mis dealt with the with the conflict itself by the previous regime made the situation worse and worse.

33
00:04:24,980 --> 00:04:31,400
Also, there was an attempt by UK, among other countries to pass a resolution during the Security Council,

34
00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:34,940
which I had the privilege to, uh, already prove three times.

35
00:04:35,750 --> 00:04:38,810
Yet the revolution. The resolution was vetoed.

36
00:04:39,950 --> 00:04:47,720
A lot of countries, even our own people who, uh, called so-called the Global South, who are with us on the same side,

37
00:04:48,290 --> 00:04:55,790
are sometimes resistant to the securitisation of climate change, although climate change is a security issue and a security threat.

38
00:04:56,540 --> 00:05:05,240
But the actual terminology is that they are not afraid of the securitisation, but they are afraid of militarisation to climate change.

39
00:05:05,780 --> 00:05:12,439
They are afraid that, um, as the previous speaker, Roger mentioned, um, the,

40
00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:18,950
the liberal piece where some country would say I will in that country just to keep the environment friendly,

41
00:05:18,950 --> 00:05:23,210
just to keep the climate change processes. Well.

42
00:05:24,240 --> 00:05:33,270
It is. I mean, we've seen many, uh, examples of the external, um, influence into the processes.

43
00:05:33,930 --> 00:05:43,350
Yet one of them very shocking results of some small project that I was doing, uh, in, in in Lake Chad.

44
00:05:43,640 --> 00:05:53,280
Yeah, that the main reason for 48% of the people, young people specifically who joined Boko Haram, joined because of Lake Chad.

45
00:05:54,410 --> 00:06:04,950
Uh, for a lot of people. Um, Lake Chad was not only resources, was not only, um, source of livelihood,

46
00:06:05,400 --> 00:06:15,060
it was also a source of, um, prestige, um, uh, a social, um, uh, setting.

47
00:06:15,150 --> 00:06:19,680
And they lost everything. They lost their livelihood, they lost their social setting.

48
00:06:20,070 --> 00:06:25,139
So the only way to compensate that was to actually join Boko Haram, to get both the money,

49
00:06:25,140 --> 00:06:30,630
but also the power of the guns and the weapons is similar in the RCF,

50
00:06:31,500 --> 00:06:35,549
where all people who joined Lord's have are people who lost their livelihoods

51
00:06:35,550 --> 00:06:40,590
due to climate change and due to desertification and environmental reasons.

52
00:06:41,010 --> 00:06:43,979
Their high hopes was to join the RCF,

53
00:06:43,980 --> 00:06:49,740
go to Yemen and fight for a few months and come back with a lot of money where they can actually start the family.

54
00:06:51,930 --> 00:06:57,990
These hopes change into different. Something different. When I started to, uh, interfere with that.

55
00:06:59,670 --> 00:07:06,000
As I said earlier, it's always easier to speak about, um, peace than to actually make the peace.

56
00:07:06,270 --> 00:07:10,200
Just to to end up with a summarisation.

57
00:07:10,740 --> 00:07:14,370
I want to experiment again with all of you.

58
00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:25,710
And this game, uh, shows that sometimes we receive any information, we try to act on it, but sometimes we act.

59
00:07:25,920 --> 00:07:33,420
If we receive too informations, then we act on the last one, not taking into account all of the information together.

60
00:07:34,140 --> 00:07:38,910
And here today we had the privilege to actually repeat the experiment.

61
00:07:39,450 --> 00:07:49,050
But in real life this privilege is not there. And one wrong decision can actually change things to a very worse situation.

62
00:07:49,710 --> 00:07:50,580
Thank you very much.